Linking leaf and tree water use with an individual-tree model

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Download Full-text

Management strategies of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish under different initial spacing

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542016403042715 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 298-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽

Thiza Falqueto Altoe ◽

Henrique Ferraco Scolforo ◽

Jose Marcio de Mello ◽

Charles Plinio Castro e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Crown Area ◽

High Durability ◽

Spacing Variation ◽

Generating Tree ◽

Initial Spacing ◽

Individual Tree Model ◽

The Individual

ABSTRACT Eremanthus erythropappus, commonly known as candeia, is an income-generating tree native to Brazil. This is due to the high durability of its wood and its essential oil containing the active component alpha bisabolol. Despite this economic potential, until the early 2000's no studies existed to explore the sustainable management in areas in which the species naturally occurs or for establishing commercial plantations. This study proposes new management strategies based on an individual tree model, and evaluates the growth behavior of candeia trees planted in different spacing. The experiment was installed in March 2002, in Carrancas municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The experimental area was divided into 4 blocks with 4 different spacings as treatments. The individual model used to propose the best management system uses development of crown area as a function of DBH. The results showed that candeia trees were sensitive to initial spacing variation. With increased initial spacing, candeia trees reached competition later, as demonstrated by crown area development. Thus, candeia trees planted at a wider spacing maintain a desirable growth rate without need for thinning for a longer time, compared to trees planted at narrower spacing. The fitted individual tree model presented in this study showed consistent results and flexibility, providing alternatives for different management strategies. The best growth response was obtained for planting densities greater than 3.75 m² per tree, which corresponds to a spacing of 1.5 x 2.5 m.

Download Full-text

Airborne Tree Crown Detection for Predicting Spatial Heterogeneity of Canopy Transpiration in a Tropical Rainforest

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12040651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 651

Author(s):

Joyson Ahongshangbam ◽

Alexander Röll ◽

Florian Ellsäßer ◽

Hendrayanto ◽

Dirk Hölscher

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Water Use ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

Sap Flux ◽

Tree Crown ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Canopy Transpiration ◽

Tree Water Use ◽

Climate Regulation ◽

The Relationship

Tropical rainforests comprise complex 3D structures and encompass heterogeneous site conditions; their transpiration contributes to climate regulation. The objectives of our study were to test the relationship between tree water use and crown metrics and to predict spatial variability of canopy transpiration across sites. In a lowland rainforest of Sumatra, we measured tree water use with sap flux techniques and simultaneously assessed crown metrics with drone-based photogrammetry. We observed a close linear relationship between individual tree water use and crown surface area (R2 = 0.76, n = 42 trees). Uncertainties in predicting stand-level canopy transpiration were much lower using tree crown metrics than the more conventionally used stem diameter. 3D canopy segmentation analyses in combination with the tree crown–water use relationship predict substantial spatial heterogeneity in canopy transpiration. Among our eight study plots, there was a more than two-fold difference, with lower transpiration at riparian than at upland sites. In conclusion, we regard drone-based canopy segmentation and crown metrics to be very useful tools for the scaling of transpiration from tree- to stand-level. Our results indicate substantial spatial variation in crown packing and thus canopy transpiration of tropical rainforests.

Download Full-text

Performance and comparison of stand growth models based on individual tree and diameter-class growth

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x79-040 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 231-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Alan R. Ek ◽

Robert A. Monserud

Keyword(s):

Growth Model ◽

Growth Models ◽

Stand Density ◽

Diameter Class ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Individual Tree Model ◽

The Individual ◽

Stand Conditions

A distance-dependent individual tree based growth model (FOREST) was compared with a diameter-class growth model (SHAF) for describing changes in stand density and structure. Projections of Lake States' northern hardwood stand development were made by each model for 5–26 years over a range of stand conditions and harvest treatments. Results from numerous performance tests and comparisons of actual and predicted diameter distributions, basal areas, and numbers of trees, indicate the individual tree model was considerably more sensitive to harvest treatments and reproduction response than the diameter-class model. Conversely, the latter was much less expensive to operate. Prediction of species and individual tree growth with the individual tree model appeared to provide sensitivity nearly equal to that observed for predictions of the stand as a whole. Long-term projections (120 years) for reserve (no cut) and clear-cut stand conditions further suggest the potential and limitations of the models for management analyses.

Download Full-text

A Comparison of Loblolly Pine Plantation Growth and Yield Models for Inventory Updating

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/20.1.15 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

James S. Shortt ◽

Harold E. Burkhart

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Distribution Models ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Parameter Recovery ◽

Individual Tree Model ◽

The Individual ◽

Growth And Yield Models

Abstract Four different loblolly pine growth and yield models were evaluated for the purpose of updating forest inventory data. The types of growth and yield models examined were: a whole stand, a diameter distribution-parameter prediction, a diameter distribution-parameter recovery, and an individual tree model. Three different approaches were used to create fitting and validation data sets from permanent plot remeasurement data; each of the four growth and yield models was evaluated at varying projection periods. The periods used were 0, 3, 6, and 9 yr. Evaluations were based solely on the capability of each model to predict merchantable volume. In terms of root mean square error of prediction, the individual tree and whole stand models performed better than the diameter distribution models. At shorter projection periods, the individual tree model performed better than the whole stand model, but the whole stand approach was superior at the 9 yr period. Of the diameter distribution models, the parameter recovery model performed better for shorter periods than the parameter prediction model, but this difference diminished with longer periods. South. J. Appl. For. 20(1):15-22.

Download Full-text

Projection of a diameter distribution through time

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-216 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 188-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jianhua Qin ◽

Quang V Cao ◽

David C Blouin

Keyword(s):

Projection Method ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growth Period ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Recovery Method ◽

Tree Survival ◽

Individual Tree Model

Three approaches to characterizing the diameter distribution of a future stand are presented. The first approach is the "parameter-recovery" method, which links a whole-stand model to a diameter-distribution model. The next two approaches provide linkages between an individual-tree model and a diameter-distribution model. Tree-survival and diameter-growth equations were applied to the tree list (the "tree-projection" method) or to the diameter distribution (the "distribution-projection" method) at the beginning of the growth period. A numerical example of Weibull distributions that characterized diameter data from the Southwide Seed Source Study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is presented. All three methods produced similar results in terms of Reynolds et al.'s (1988) error indices, whereas the distribution-projection method outperformed the other two methods in predicting total and merchantable volumes per hectare. This study demonstrated that the diameter-distribution model could be linked to either a whole-stand model or an individual-tree model with comparable success.

Download Full-text

Scaling theory to extrapolate individual tree water use to stand water use

Hydrological Processes ◽

10.1002/hyp.3360090505 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (5-6) ◽

pp. 527-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Thomas J. Hatton ◽

Hsin-I Wu

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Scaling Theory ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Tree Water Use

Download Full-text

Use of a spatially explicit individual-tree model (SORTIE/BC) to explore the implications of patchiness in structurally complex forests

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00301-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 186 (1-3) ◽

pp. 297-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

K.David Coates ◽

Charles D Canham ◽

Marilou Beaudet ◽

Donald L Sachs ◽

Christian Messier

Keyword(s):

Spatially Explicit ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Individual Tree Model

Download Full-text

Toward extension of a single tree functional - structural model of Scots pine to stand level: effect of the canopy of randomly distributed, identical trees on development of tree structure

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp08077 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 964 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Risto Sievänen ◽

Jari Perttunen ◽

Eero Nikinmaa ◽

Pekka Kaitaniemi

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Structural Model ◽

Growth Models ◽

Tree Model ◽

Time Step ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Individual Tree Model ◽

Architectural Development ◽

Individual Trees

Functional–structural plant growth models (FSPMs) combine the description of the structure of plants and the resource acquisition and partitioning at a detailed architectural level. They offer a means to study tree and stand development on the basis of a structurally accurate description that combines resource capture at the same level of detail. We describe here how a ‘shoot-based’ individual tree model, LIGNUM of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has been applied to a group of identical trees (forest). The model has been applied to isolated trees and saplings growing in forest gaps. First, we present the LIGNUM model and the changes necessary for simulation of a forest instead of individual trees. LIGNUM derives tree growth on the basis of a process-based model of tree carbon balance and the architectural development of the 3-D tree crown. The time step is 1 year. We realised the forest as consisting of individual Scots pine trees on a plot 17 × 17 m, but simplified the stand description by simulating the growth of only one tree in the middle of the plot and assumed that the other trees were identical to it at all times. The model produced results that are comparable with observations made in real Scots pine trees and tree stands in Finland. The simulations with variable values of the parameters controlling the foliage–sapwood relationship, amount of sapwood required below a point in a branch or a stem, and the senescence of sapwood showed how growth declines when the sapwood requirement in the branches and stem was high. In this case, the proportion of resources allocated to the needles became small and the needle mass was low.

Download Full-text

Using disaggregation to link individual-tree and whole-stand growth models

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-284 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 953-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jianhua Qin ◽

Quang V Cao

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growth Models ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Model ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Stand Growth ◽

Individual Tree Model ◽

Stand Attributes ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

The Individual

Data from 200 plots randomly selected from the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used to fit whole-stand and individual-tree equations. Another 100 plots, also randomly selected, were used for validation. Outputs from the individual-tree model were then adjusted to match observed stand attributes (number of trees, basal area, and volume per hectare) by four disaggregation methods: proportional yield, proportional growth, constrained least squares, and coefficient adjustment. The first three are existing methods, and the fourth is new. The four methods produced similar results, and the coefficient adjustment was then selected as the method to disaggregate predicted stand growth among trees in the tree list. Results showed that, compared to the unadjusted individual tree model, the adjusted tree model performed much better in predicting stand attributes, while providing comparable predictions of tree diameter, height, and survival probability. The proposed approach showed promise in the ongoing effort to link growth models having different resolutions.

Download Full-text