Photosynthetic capacity of male and female Hippophae rhamnoides plants along an elevation gradient in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamei Wu ◽  
Zuomin Shi ◽  
Shun Liu ◽  
Mauro Centritto ◽  
Xiangwen Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides

Abstract Elevational variations in the growing environment and sex differences in individuals drive the diversification of photosynthetic capacity of plants. However, photosynthetic response of dioecious plants to elevation gradients and the mechanisms that cause these responses are poorly understood. We measured foliar gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen allocations of male and female Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) at the elevation of 1900–3700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Male and female plants showed increased leaf photosynthetic capacity at higher elevation generally with no sex-specific difference. Photosynthetic photon flux density-saturated photosynthesis (Asat) was limited mostly by diffusional components (77 ± 1%), whereas biochemical components contributed minor limitations (22 ± 1%). Mesophyll conductance (gm) played an essential role in Asat variation, accounting for 40 ± 2% of the total photosynthetic limitations and had a significant positive correlation with Asat. Leaf nitrogen allocations to Rubisco (PR) and bioenergetics (PB) in the photosynthetic apparatus were major drivers for variations in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. The increase of these resource uptake capacities enables H. rhamnoides to maintain a high level of carbon assimilation and function efficiently to cope with the harsh conditions and shorter growing season at higher elevation.

scholarly journals Regulation of Chloroplast Ultrastructure, Cross-section Anatomy of Leaves, and Morphology of Stomata of Cherry Tomato by Different Light Irradiations of Light-emitting Diodes

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu XiaoYing ◽  
Guo ShiRong ◽  
Xu ZhiGang ◽  
Jiao XueLei ◽  
Takafumi Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Spongy Tissue ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Tissue Cells

The chloroplast structural alteration and the photosynthetic apparatus activity of cherry tomato seedlings were investigated under dysprosium lamp [white light control (C)] and six light-emitting diode (LED) light treatments designated as red (R), blue (B), orange (O), green (G), red and blue (RB), and red, blue, and green (RBG) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) (≈320 μmol·m−2·s−1) for 30 days. Compared with C treatment, net photosynthesis of cherry tomato leaves was increased significantly under the light treatments of B, RB, and RBG and reduced under R, O, and G. Chloroplasts of the leaves under the RB treatment were rich in grana and starch granules. Moreover, chloroplasts in leaves under RB seemed to be a distinct boundary between granathylakoid and stromathylakoid. Granathylakoid under treatment B developed normally, but the chloroplasts had few starch granules. Chloroplasts under RBG were similar to those under C. Chloroplasts under R and G were relatively rich in starch granules. However, the distinction between granathylakoid and stromathylakoid under R and G was obscure. Chloroplasts under O were dysplastic. Palisade tissue cells in leaves under RB were especially well-developed and spongy tissue cells under the same treatment were localized in an orderly fashion. However, palisade and spongy tissue cells in leaves under R, O, and G were dysplastic. Stomatal numbers per mm2 were significantly increased under B, RB, and RBG. The current results suggested blue light seemed to be an essential factor for the growth of cherry tomato plants.

Intra-Leaf Gradient of Assimilation Rate and Optimal Allocation of Canopy Nitrogen: a Model on the Implications of the Use of Homogeneous Assimilation Functions.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Badeck
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Experimental Findings

A model on the allocation of nitrogen available for the construction of photosynthetic apparatus in leaves in different morphological positions is presented. The allocation pattern is calculated under the assumption that nitrogen distribution is optimised in order to maximise daily whole-plant assimilation. The solution is fairly sensitive to the assimilation function applied. It is shown that assimilation functions homogeneous in irradiance and nitrogen imply assimilation gradients and light-saturation characteristics of the whole canopy which contradict experimental findings. An equation for the calculation of electron transport rates as a function of the intra-leaf gradient of the photosynthetic photon flux density is presented. This inhomogeneous assimilation function leads to substantially different predictions of nitrogen allocation which reproduce a wider array of observed allocation patterns. The results presented in this paper support the thesis that the intra-leaf gradient of photosynthetic photon flux density and self-shading of the thylakoids need to be considered if the assimilation flux is to be modelled as a function of light as well as nitrogen availability on a mechanistic basis.

scholarly journals Sex-Biased Temporal Gene Expression in Male and Female Floral Buds of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0124890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseem Chawla ◽  
Tsering Stobdan ◽  
Ravi B. Srivastava ◽  
Varun Jaiswal ◽  
Rajinder S. Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Temporal Gene Expression ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides

Gas Exchange of Four Cassava Cultivars in Relation to Light Intensity

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo A. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Effect Of Light

SUMMARYGas exchange measurements were carried out on four cassava cultivars, M. COL22, M. MEX59, M. COL638, and M. VEN218, under a range of light intensities, to investigate possible differences in photosynthesis and transpiration. Over the range of photon flux density 100–1500 μE m−2 s−1 leaves showed a light saturation response typical of C-3 plants with little increase in photosynthetic rate above 1000–1500 μE m−2 s−1 (200–300 Wm−2 PAR). At light saturation there were significant differences in photosynthetic rates between cultivars, with the highest 10% greater than the lowest. Part of the response could be attributed to increased stomatal aperture, and a greater part to a direct effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic apparatus. Transpiration increased with light intensity levels, but no significant differences were observed between cultivars.

scholarly journals Diversity And Distribution Of CO2-Fixing Microbial Community Along Elevation Gradients In Meadow Soils On The Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Feng ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Pengli Jia ◽  
Jingping Gai ◽  
Baodong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

Abstract Soil CO2-fixing microbes play a significant role in CO2-fixation in the terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau. To understand carbon sequestration by soil CO2-fixing microbes and the carbon cycling in alpine meadow soils, microbial diversity and their driving environmental factors were explored along an elevation gradient from 3900m to 5100m, on both east and west slopes of Mila Mountain region on the Tibetan Plateau. The CO2-fixing microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing targeting the cbbL gene，encoding the large subunit for the CO2-fixing protein ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The overall OTU abundance is concentrated at an altitude between 4300m~4900m. The species richness and distribution uniformity on the east slope is better than those on the west slope. In terms of microbial community composition, Proteobacteria is dominant, and the most abundant genera are Cupriavidus, Rhodobacter, Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus. The CO2-fixing microbial community structure dramatically shifted along the elevation. It was jointly driven by vegetation coverage, soil moisture content, and soil organic carbon and soil particle size, and most environmental factors are positively correlated. Our results are helpful to understand the variation in soil microbial community and its role in soil carbon cycling along elevation gradients.

The effects of plant size and light availability on male and female reproductive success and functional gender in a hermaphrodite tree species, Magnolia stellata

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzuki Setsuko ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Male And Female

Plant size and light availability may affect male and (or) female reproductive success and their relative contribution (functional gender). To test this hypothesis, we identified parents of 184 seedlings in a local population within a metapopulation of a hermaphroditic, insect-pollinated tree species, Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., using 14 nuclear and 3 chloroplast microsatellite markers. Parent pairs of all the seedlings were determined, and both seed and pollen parents could be distinguished for 49.5% of the seedlings. We also measured the parents’ plant size (diameter at breast height of the thickest ramet within each genet; DBHt) and the relative photosynthetic photon flux density (rPPFD) they received. The proportion of seedlings that originated from selfing was 20.7%. The number of seedlings parental trees produced as seed parents (S) was positively affected by DBHt and rPPFD. DBHt (but not rPPFD) also positively affected the number of seedlings sired as pollen parents (P). The femaleness of the parental trees (S/(S + P)) was positively affected by DBHt, probably because DBHt had a stronger effect on the trees’ reproductive success as seed parents than on their success as pollen parents. These results suggest that plant size affects not only reproductive success (male and female), but also functional gender.

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