Spatial patterns of leptospirosis in Ecuador, 2013–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
Solange Núñez-González ◽  
Christopher Gault ◽  
Patricia Granja ◽  
Daniel Simancas-Racines
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Important Public Health

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is considered an important public health problem in tropical regions and the world's poorest countries. Methods In this ecological study, we included cases of leptospirosis reported in Ecuador from 2013 to 2018. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated through the global Moran I index and spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to identify high-risk clusters. Results In Ecuador, the leptospirosis incidence rates decreased from 3.3 cases per 100 000 population in 2013 to 0.8 cases per 100 000 population in 2018. The global Moran I index for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation (0.68; p=0.001). We identified three significant spatial-temporal clusters for a high occurrence of leptospirosis incidence located in cantons of the Coast and Amazon regions. Conclusions The clusters identified could be targeted by policymakers and stakeholders in order to direct surveillance and understand the dynamics of the distribution of leptospirosis in Ecuador.

TETANUS OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Dacio Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Pediatric Service ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The University

Tetanus in the newborn infant is still a most important public health problem in Brazil. An analysis of 238 cases, admitted in a two-year period to the pediatric service of the University Hospital in Sao Paulo, is presented. It is suggested that prognosis is related more closely to amount of tetanospasmin produced and absorbed by the central nervous system than to some of the more traditional indices of clinical severity. The plan of treatment in use is presented, since the over-all recovery rate compares very favorably with other published reports.

E-Ophthalmology in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Chronic Glaucoma

2013 ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Andonegui ◽  
Aitor Eguzkiza ◽  
Mikel Auzmendi ◽  
Luis Serrano ◽  
Ane Zurutuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Chronic Glaucoma

e-Ophthalmology is the use of information and telecommunications technologies to provide or support a group of activities related to ophthalmic care. Chronic glaucoma is an ocular disease characterized by optic neuropathy that leads to progressive loss of the visual fields and often is associated with elevated intraocular pressure levels. Glaucoma is an important public health problem because it is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide and generates an important demand for ophthalmologic consultations. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the application e-Ophthalmology-based models in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic glaucoma. The authors describe the current status of the use of e-Ophthalmology-based models in the screening and follow-up of chronic glaucoma, the main advantages of these models, the technologic requirements for their implementation, and future trends in this field.

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)

2010 ◽  
pp. 836-848
Author(s):  
Diana N.J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast intracellular organism not yet cultivated in vitro. It is an important public health problem worldwide, with an estimated 4 million people disabled by the disease. Transmission of M. leprae is only partially understood, but untreated lepromatous patients discharge abundant organisms from their nasal mucosa into the environment....

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mumps from 2004 to 2018 in Chongqing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Ou ◽  
Xiang ◽  
Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Time Space ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Mumps vaccines have been widely used in recent years, but frequent mumps outbreaks and re-emergence around the world have not stopped. Mumps still remains a serious public health problem with a high incidence in China. The status of mumps epidemics in Chongqing, the largest city in China, is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of mumps and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies for its prevention and control. Surveillance data of mumps in Chongqing from January 2004 to December 2018 were collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System. A descriptive analysis was conducted to understand the epidemiological characteristics. Hot spots and spatiotemporal patterns were identified by performing a spatial autocorrelation analysis, a purely spatial scan, and a spatiotemporal scan at the county level based on geographic information systems. A total of 895,429 mumps cases were reported in Chongqing, with an annual average incidence of 36.34 per 100,000. The yearly incidence of mumps decreased markedly from 2004 to 2007, increased sharply from 2007 to 2011, and then tapered with a two-year cyclical peak after 2011. The onset of mumps showed an obvious bimodal seasonal distribution, with a higher peak of mumps observed from April to July of each year. Children aged 5–9 years old, males, and students were the prime high-risk groups. The spatial distribution of mumps did not exhibit significant global autocorrelation in most years, but local indicators of spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics detected high-incidence clusters which were mainly located in the midwestern, western, northeastern, and southwestern parts of Chongqing. The aggregation time frame detected by the purely temporal scan was between March 2009 and July 2013. The incidence of mumps in Chongqing from 2004 to 2018 featured significant spatial heterogeneity and spatiotemporal clustering. The findings of this study might assist public health agencies to develop real-time space monitoring, especially in the clustering regions and at peak periods; to improve immunization strategies for long-term prevention; and to deploy health resources reasonably.

Occurrence of Brucella in Minas artisanal cheese of Serro micro-region: an important public health problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Roberto Silva ◽  
André Almeida Santos Duch ◽  
Rômulo Tadeu Pace de Assis Lage ◽  
Liliane Denize Miranda Menezes ◽  
João Batista Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health

scholarly journals Breast cancer among women over 75 years: an important public health problem?

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. van Schoor ◽  
J. D. M. Otten ◽  
G. J. den Heeten ◽  
R. Holland ◽  
M. J. M. Broeders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health

scholarly journals Epilepsy caused by onchocerciasis is an important public health problem in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
R. Colebunders ◽  
A. Hotterbeekx ◽  
J. Siewe ◽  
M. Mandro ◽  
M. Mbonye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health

Secondhand Noise and Stress

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Olga S. Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Being There ◽  
Health And Well Being

Noise pollution can cause nonauditory effects on general health and well-being. There is growing awareness that secondhand noise is an important public health problem that is similar in scope to secondhand smoke.

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