Integrated taxonomy reveals multiple species in the Dendrobaena byblica (Rosa, 1893) complex (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae)

Abstract Dendrobaena byblica (Rosa, 1893) is a Circum-Mediterranean species complex composed of at least 17 nominal taxa. Regarding the most important species characters (clitellum and tubercles) the worms belonging to the genus Fitzingeria Zicsi, 1978 seem to be very close to the D. byblica species group. Here we provide the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the byblica species group and the Fitzingeria species, and show that the genus Fitzingeria is polyphyletic and groups together with the Carpathian and Balkanic deeply pigmented byblica forms. The other main clade consists of the ‘classical’ byblica species. The morphological characteristics also support these results. On the basis of the molecular and morphological characters the species of the former Fitzingeria were relegated to Dendrobaena and four new species were described together with a new replacement name Dendrobaena carpathomontana nom. nov. for F. platyura montana (Černosvitov, 1932).

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Revision of the taxonomy and distribution of the Neotropical Copris incertus species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2018.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 (5) ◽

pp. 539-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James D.G. Darling ◽

François Génier

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Species Complex ◽

New World ◽

Species Group ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Multiple Species ◽

A New Species

AbstractCopris incertus Say, 1835 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini) has been described as a New World coprophagous scarab distributed from Mexico to Ecuador with large discontinuities in its range between the Yucatán province and Costa Rica. The C. incertus species complex of the Copris minutus (Drury, 1773) species group consists of C. incertus, Copris laeviceps Harold, 1869, and Copris lugubris Boheman, 1858. Based on external morphology and male genitalia, we discovered that multiple species have been classified as C. incertus. Of these species, five are new: Copris amazonicusnew species, Copris brevicornisnew species, Copris davidinew species, Copris moroninew species, and Copris susanaenew species. Herein, we revise the organisation of the C. incertus species complex and propose a new species complex, the C. laeviceps species complex, which includes: C. davidi, Copris igualensis Warner, 1990, and C. laeviceps, formerly included in the C. incertus species complex. We provide an identification key along with species distribution maps, images of habitus, and diagnostic characters.

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Review of the Merodon albifasciatus Macquart species complex (Diptera: Syrphidae): the nomenclatural type located and its provenance discussed

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4374.1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4374 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANTE VUJIĆ ◽

GUNILLA STÅHLS ◽

JELENA AČANSKI ◽

SANTOS ROJO ◽

CELESTE PÉREZ-BAÑÓN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Type Specimen ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Species Group ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Mediterranean Species ◽

Female Holotype ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Area

The Palaearctic Merodon geniculatus species group (Diptera, Syrphidae: Merodontini) currently comprises six Western Mediterranean species and four species with Eastern Mediterranean distribution. One of this group species, Merodon albifasciatus Macquart, 1842, is the only Merodon species listed from the Oriental Region. We discovered the lost holotype, which fit morphologically with European Merodon females of the M. albifasciatus species complex confirmed here and that occurs in the Palaearctic region. An integrative approach to the taxonomy of M. albifasciatus based on morphological and molecular evidences revealed the existence of two additional closely-related species in the Eastern Mediterranean area, M. luteofasciatus Vujić, Radenković & Ståhls sp. nov. and M. neofasciatus Ståhls & Vujić sp. nov.. The females of these three species can only be separated by molecular and distributional data. With the aim of stabilising species concepts within the complex, the taxon distributed in mainland Greece, including the Peloponnese was associated to the old female holotype of M. albifasciatus. The identity of Merodon fractipes Paramonov, described from Rhodes Island (Greece) as subspecies of M. geniculatus Strobl in Czerny & Strobl, could not be resolved as the type specimen is lost. Thus the name M. fractipes is suppressed as nomen dubium. We discuss the distribution of the species of M. albifasciatus complex, identify host plants of M. neofasciatus, and provide an identification key to males of Eastern Mediterranean species of Merodon geniculatus group.

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Review of the Mesovelia horvathi species complex (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae), with the description of seven new species from India

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4651 (3) ◽

pp. 471-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. EYARIN JEHAMALAR ◽

KAILASH CHANDRA ◽

DAN A. POLHEMUS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Andaman Islands ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Species Groups

Seven new species from India are described in the Mesovelia horvathi species complex and assigned to two putatively monophyletic species groups. Mesovelia brevia sp. nov. and M. dilatata sp. nov., both occurring in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, and M. occulta sp. nov., known from only Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the Mesovelia horvathi species group. Mesovelia andamana sp. nov. from the Andaman Islands, M. bispinosa sp. nov. and M. isiasi sp. nov. from Meghalaya, and M. tenuia sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the M. andamana species group. Photographs of morphological characters, distribution maps, and a key to males are provided for all of the species treated.

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Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of American shrimps of the genus Cryphiops Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) implies a proposal for reversal of precedence with Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1047.66933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1047 ◽

pp. 155-198

Author(s):

Fernando L. Mantelatto ◽

Leonardo G. Pileggi ◽

João A. F. Pantaleão ◽

Célio Magalhães ◽

José Luis Villalobos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Disjunct Distribution ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Multigene Phylogeny ◽

Important Species ◽

Current Classification ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

South Brazil

The freshwater shrimp genus Cryphiops Dana, 1852 has a disjunct distribution in North (Mexico) and South (Brazil, Chile) America, and is composed of only six species. The current classification of genera in the Palaemonidae is controversial, based on variable morphological characters, and still far from a clear definition. Cryphiops differs from the speciose genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 only by the absence of the hepatic spines on the carapace. Previous studies with a limited dataset suggested the necessity to link morphology and phylogeny to create an internal rearrangement in the genus to resolve the paraphyletic status. Through a molecular phylogenetic approach, the evolutionary relationships are inferred based on four (mitochondrial and nuclear) genes, among all recognized species of Cryphiops and, in combination with a taxonomic revision, a rearrangement in the systematics of the genus is suggested. The absence of hepatic spines on the carapace, the only character used to separate the genus Cryphiops, is subjective and should be considered as a homoplasy. This implies that Cryphiops and Macrobrachium are subjective synonyms and, because the latter genus is much more diverse and widely known, with several economically important species, to avoid confusion and disturbance in nomenclatural stability and keep universality, a proposal for the priority of the older synonym (Cryphiops) to be partially suppressed in favor of maintaining the prevailing use of the younger synonym (Macrobrachium) is presented. As the species of Cryphiops should be accommodated in the genus Macrobrachium, new names to replace three preoccupied specific names that, by this action, resulted to be secondary homonyms are offered.

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Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 complex and selected other Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4999.4.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4999 (4) ◽

pp. 301-324

Author(s):

CATHERINE W. CRAIG ◽

DARRYL L. FELDER

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Species Complex ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Mtdna Sequences ◽

Approximately Unbiased ◽

Western Atlantic ◽

Family Level ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Similarities And Differences

Morphological characters, as presently applied to describe members of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 species complex, appear to be of limited value in inferring phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and may have similarly misinformed understanding of relationships between members of this complex and those presently assigned to the related genera Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002. Previously undocumented observations of similarities and differences in color patterns among populations additionally suggest genetic divergences within some species, or alternatively seem to support phylogenetic groupings of some species. In the present study, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the H3, 12S mtDNA, and 16S mtDNA sequences of 148 individuals, primarily representatives of paguroid species from the western Atlantic. This molecular analysis supported a polyphyletic Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892, although incomplete taxonomic sampling among the genera of Diogenidae limits the utility of this finding for resolving family level relationships. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among hermit crab genera were refuted by the Kishino-Hasegawa (KH). Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) and Approximately Unbiased (AU) tree topology tests, among them the hypothesis that Areopaguristes is monophyletic. A lack of support for the monophyly of Areopaguristes calls into question the phylogenetic validity of gill number for the differentiation of Paguristes, Areopaguristes, and Pseudopaguristes. The study was inconclusive with regard to the relationships among these three genera, but previously unknown diversity within both Paguristes and Areopaguristes was demonstrated. Existence of an undescribed species confounded under the name Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 was supported by genetics, morphology, and coloration. A second undescribed species with remarkable similarity to Areopaguristes hummi Wass, 1955 was discovered based on genetics and coloration.

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Phylogenetic analysis and systematic position of two new species of the ant genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Southeast Asia

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2017.370 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shingo Hosoishi ◽

Kazuo Ogata

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Divergence Time ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Species Group ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

Divergence Time Estimates ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Two distinct new species of the ant genus Crematogaster, C. khmerensis sp. nov. and C. pfeifferi sp. nov., are described from Cambodia and Malaysia, respectively. The two species are unique among Asian Crematogaster in that they have vertically directed propodeal spines, but their systematic positions have not been determined based on morphological characters alone. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 89 Crematogaster taxon matrices previously published plus C. khmerensis sp. nov., using nuclear genes, reveals that C. khmerensis sp. nov. is nested within the Australo-Asian Crematogaster clade. Morphological assignment of the developed pronotal shoulders implies a close relationship between C. khmerensis sp. nov. and the C. tetracantha-group. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we erect a new species group, C. khmerensis-group, to contain C. khmerensis sp. nov. and C. pfeifferi sp. nov. Divergence time estimates using MCMCTree shows that the root node of the C. khmerensis sp. nov. terminal is estimated to be of middle Miocene age at 15 million years old. The position of the C. khmerensis-group well supports the Oriental- to Australian-region dispersal history that has been proposed for the Australo-Asian Crematogaster clade.

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Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5079.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5079 (1) ◽

Author(s):

KOHEI TAKENAKA TAKANO ◽

JIAN-JUN GAO ◽

YAO-GUANG HU ◽

NAN-NAN LI ◽

MASAKO YAFUSO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Host Plant ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Species Complex ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Host Plant Selection ◽

Breeding Ecology ◽

Flower Breeding ◽

Three New Species

The phylogeny of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group is reconstructed as a hypothesis, based on DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and six nuclear genes and 51 morphological characters. The resulting tree splits this species group into two clades, one of which corresponds to the colocasiae subgroup. Therefore, a new species subgroup named as the cristata subgroup is established for the other clade. Within the cristata subgroup, three subclades are recognized and each of them is defined as a species complex: the cristata complex composed of five species (including three new ones: C. kinabaluana sp. nov., C. kotana sp. nov. and C. matthewsi sp. nov.), the sabahana complex of two species (C. sabahana sp. nov. and C. sarawakana sp. nov.), and the xenalocasiae complex of five species (including C. sumatrana sp. nov. and C. leucocasiae sp. nov.). There are, however, three new species (C. ecornuta sp. nov., C. grandis sp. nov. and C. vieti sp. nov.) not assigned to any species complex. In addition, breeding habits are described for four cristata-subgroup species, each of which monopolizes its specific host plant. And, data of host-plant use are compiled for all species of the cristata group from records at various localities in the Oriental and Papuan regions. The evolution of host-plant selection and sharing modes is considered by mapping host-plant genera of each species on the phylogenetic tree resulting from the present study.

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Molecular taxonomic clarification of Ptilotus exaltatus and Ptilotus nobilis (Amaranthaceae)

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb06010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 72 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kok K. Lee ◽

Dion K. Harrison ◽

Margaret E. Johnston ◽

Richard R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Sequence Variation ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Nuclear Rdna ◽

Monophyletic Clade ◽

Morphological Taxonomy ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Respective Species

A complete botanical key for the genus Ptilotus R.Brown (family Amarathaceae) has not yet been published. Identifying the 100 or more Ptilotus species using morphological characters has been difficult because plants often exhibit slight morphological differences and intermediate characteristics common to several species, subspecies, varieties and forms. Ptilotus exaltatus Nees and P. nobilis (Lindl) F.Muell share many morphological characteristics, but are classified as different species predominantly based on inflorescence colour. The current study involved a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 14 Ptilotus species using sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS 1 and ITS 2 within the 18S–26S nuclear rDNA. Of the 39 accessions analysed, all except those identified as P. exaltatus and P. nobilis clustered according to their respective species based on their morphological taxonomy. In contrast, all 18 P. exaltatus and P. nobilis accessions formed a distinct monophyletic clade with 99% bootstrap values and a low level of sequence variation (GD = 0.002). Taking into account the lack of reliable morphological characters for separating P. exaltatus and P. nobilis, together with the ITS sequence data showing little genetic divergence or genetic structure, we propose that P. exaltatus and P. nobilis are conspecific.

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Hypotheses from mitochondrial DNA: congruence and conflict between DNA sequences and morphology in Dolichopodinae systematics (Diptera:Dolichopodidae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is09040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marc Pollet ◽

Christoph Germann ◽

Samuel Tanner ◽

Marco Valerio Bernasconi

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Cyt B ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Species Groups

The molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Dolichopodinae (Diptera : Dolichopodidae) is reconstructed based on 79 species of 7 dolichopodine genera as ingroup, and 10 non-dolichopodine species from different genera as outgroup. A Bayesian analysis based on a mitochondrial DNA dataset consisting of 1702 characters (COI : 810; 12S : 366; 16S : 526) was carried out. Genital and non-genital morphological characters from a hitherto unpublished data matrix (based on 57 Dolichopodidae species) were used to explain and support the lineages hypothesised by our molecular phylogenetic analysis. The monophyly of the subfamily Dolichopodinae, and of the genera Dolichopus and Gymnopternus, was confirmed. The molecular analysis yielded nine species groups in Dolichopus that were proposed in previous studies using COI and Cyt-b. No evidence was found to support a clade including Dolichopus, Ethiromyia, and Gymnopternus. The genus Hercostomus proved polyphyletic with respect to Poecilobothrus, Sybistroma, and Gymnopternus. The following lineages were represented by strongly supported clades: Hercostomus germanus species group, H. vivax species group, H. nigrilamellatus species group, H. plagiatus species group, H. longiventris species group, H. fulvicaudis species group, and Poecilobothrus, Gymnopternus, Tachytrechus and Sybistroma (including Hercostomus nanus and H. parvilamellatus). Two clades that were previously established on the basis of morphology were confirmed in our phylogenetic analysis: (i) Poecilobothrus and the flower-feeding Hercostomus germanus species group, and (ii) the H. longiventris lineage and Sybistroma. In most cases, the groups identified in the molecular analysis could be supported and explained by morphological characters. Species of the Hercostomus germanus species group, Poecilobothrus, the Hercostomus longiventris species group, and a Sybistroma subclade have a similar microhabitat affinity.

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Towards an integrated taxonomy of the Merodon equestris species complex (Diptera: Syrphidae) including description of a new species, with additional data on Iberian Merodon

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n11-013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 143 (4) ◽

pp. 332-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Ángeles Marcos-García ◽

Ante Vujić ◽

Antonio Ricarte ◽

Gunilla Ståhls

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

National Park ◽

Species Complex ◽

Additional Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Central Spain ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Integrated Taxonomy ◽

A New Species

AbstractStudy of specimens of Merodon Meigen collected in southwestern Europe resulted in new data and taxonomic changes for this genus. The cryptic species Merodon confusussp. nov. (Merodon equestris species group) is described based on specimens collected in Cabañeros National Park, central Spain. Morphological and molecular diagnostic characters are provided to separate members of the species group. Merodon aeneus fulvus Gil Collado is proposed as a junior synonym of Merodon pumilus Macquart. The first Iberian record of Merodon rufus Meigen is reported and updates of the revision of Iberian Merodon are provided.

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