New generation synthetic variety of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

Aim. Evaluation of the source material on a set of economically valuable features and the creation with its participation of a synthetic variety of alfalfa. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The results of research and creation of a synthetic variety of sown alfalfa Rodena at the Institute of Forage and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS are presented. Entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine (hereinafter - the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine). When evaluating the forage and seed productivity in the experimental fields of the institute, the advantage of the Roden variety to the Sinyukha standard variety was established. Extensive testing of the variety's suitability for propagation (PSP) in 9 research points by the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination confirmed higher indicators of fodder and seed productivity of this variety in comparison with the conditional standard. Conclusions. The use of clonal genotypes, which, along with a set of economically valuable traits are distinguished by high overall combining ability, allows you to effectively create high-yielding varieties of synthetic alfalfa. Created in this way, the synthetic variety of alfalfa Rodena is recommended for use in pure and mixed crops with other perennial grasses for the production of high quality feed in the soil-climatic zone of the Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: selection, alfalfa sowing, clone, synthetic variety, winter hardiness, dry matter, seeds.

"Evaluating the performance of triple crosses and their parents of maize under two plant densities "

"Aiming at evaluating the performance of Three-way and single hybrids and their inbreds of Maize and comparing them with the ""Iba'a5018"" variety under two plants densities, a field. The study included a comparison of 5 inbreds and 10 single inbreds and 11 Three-way hybrids as well as the control variety ""Aba'a 5018"" under two plants densities, Were (60000 and 80000 plants ha-1). Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with four replications under splitplots arrangement were used, the main plots were included two plants densities and the subplots were included the Genotypes (27). Results revealed that low plants density gave ear length (19.64 cm), ears number (1.158 ear plant-1), weight of 100 grains (32.11 gm) plant yield (161.32 gm). Results showed the Inbred 5 gave the high values of plant yield (126.53 gm) because it gave ear height (116.10 cm), leaves number (16.33), ears length (16.50 cm), ears number per plant (1.219 ear plant-1 ), Also the Inbred 4 gave the highest values in yield per plant (132.67 gm), highest weight of 100 grains (30.62 gm). The single hybrids (2×3), (1×3) and (4×5) gave the most significant values in plant yield (164.21, 161.84, and 157.21 gm). As they increased the plant and ears height, leaves number, and ears length it also gave the highestvalues in ears numbers. Most of the Three way hybrids superior over the single hybrids and their inbred and the control synthetic variety, the Three way hybrid (1×2)×5 has a significant differences among his parents and the control variety in yield of plant (184.23 g) ears height average (219.33 cm), ears number (1.24). The hybrids (1×4)×2, (1×3)×5 and (3×4)×2 gave a significant values compared with their parents and control variety in yield per plan. It concluded that the genetics hybrids are appropriate for the Full season, and the single hybrids superior their parents (inbreeds), The best hybrid (3×2) gave the highest yield of planted area reached (11.43 tons ha-1) The Three way hybrid (1×2)×5 gave the highest value in yield of reached (12.75 tons ha-1"

New generation surface synthetic of alfalfa sowing (Medicago sativa L.)

Aim. Evaluation of starting material on a complex of economically valuable features and creation with its participation of a variety-synthetics of alfalfa sowing. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The results of research and creation of a synthetic variety of alfalfa of sowing Radoslav at the Institute of forages and agriculture of Podillya of NAAS are presented. Listed on the State Register of Plant Varieties Eligible for Distribution in Ukraine (hereinafter – the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine) (Certificate of State Registration No. 15196001 of March 14, 2019, Patent for the Plant Variety of Radoslaw No. 190654 of May 5, 2019). When evaluating fodder and seed productivity in the research fields of the institute, the preference for the Radoslav variety to the Sinyukh standard was established. Extensive testing of the suitability of the variety for propagation (SPD) in 5 research points of the Polesia zone and 4 ˗ of the Forest-Steppe Institute of Plant Variety Examination confirmed higher rates of fodder and seed productivity and growth rate of the specified variety compared to the conventional standard. Conclusions. In order to enhance the efficiency of the breeding process aimed at the creation of synthetic varieties, clonal genotypes should be used, which, along with the complex of economically valuable traits, are distinguished by a high overall combining ability. It is recommended to use synthetic alfalfa of sowing Radoslaw in clean and mixed crops with other perennial herbs for production of high-quality forages in the soil-climatic zones of Polissya and Forest-steppe. Keywords: Medicago sativa L., clone, synthetic variety, dry matter, seeds.

CP-Vero 1, white maize (Zea mays) synthetic variety resistant to head smut (Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae) for Mexican highlands

En la producción de maíz, el agricultor se encuentra ante la alternativa de sembrar semilla comercial de maíz híbrido o semilla de polinización libre incluyendo variedades mejoradas o poblaciones nativas. La semilla de maíz híbrido tiene un alto costo, es necesario comprar semilla nueva para cada siembra mientras que la semilla de una variedad mejorada puede sembrarse por varios años, puede competir en rendimiento con un híbrido, es de bajo costo y puede compartirse entre agricultores. Una variedad sintética ofrece ventajas adicionales sobre una variedad mejorada común, con buen rendimiento de grano y uniformidad en floración y fenotipo. Este trabajo presenta actividades involucradas en la obtención de la variedad sintética de maíz de endospermo blanco CP-Vero 1 siguiendo un programa de selección recurrente de líneas S1 para obtener buenas características agronómicas y resistencia al carbón de la espiga.

General inbreeding coefficient of maize synthetics derived from three-way line hybrids

The scarcity of pure and unrelated maize inbred lines that possess high combining ability in Mexico has led breeders wishing to form single crosses to develop double-cross or three-way line hybrids (TWLHs) instead. However, some of the farmers who grow these hybrids cultivate their advanced generations later on. Although the resulting populations can be viewed as the synthetics that the random mating of the parental lines (SynL) of these hybrids would produce, there may be differences. The synthetic variety whose parents are t TWLHs (SynT) is interesting because the contributed gene frequencies of the three lines that are parents of a TWLH are not balanced and this may generate a difference between the inbreeding coeff icients (ICs) of the SynL and SynT. Since an unbiased and general inbreeding coeff icient of the SynT and a prediction formula for the SynT genotypic mean (GM) are not yet known, the objective of this study was to derive formulae for these two important parameters of SynT. To form the t TWLHs, it was assumed that 3t unrelated lines whose IC was F (0 ≤ F ≤ 1) were used. Unbiased and general formulae for FSynT and GM were derived for the f irst time. In particular, it was found that FSynT = [3(1 + F)]/(16t). Since the inbreeding coeff icient of the SynL derived from the same 3t lines is (1 + F)/(6t), then FSynT > FSynL. These f indings suggest that the genotypic mean of the SynL grain yield is larger than the SynT’s.

Possibilities of use of self-pollinated lines for creating of synthetic hemp populations

It has been proved that it is possible to create a new breeding material or increase the productivity of an existing one by obtaining stable self-pollinated lines on its basis, followed by their free pollination and propagation according to a specially developed technique (by the type of creation of a synthetic variety). Moreover, at the initial stages of breeding, it is important to select self-pollinated lines according to the set of desired characteristics, at the final stages of closely related breeding, leave only those lines that form the smallest number of seeds as a result of self-pollination, and according to the nursery, estimates in the absence of spatial isolation and free pollination with pollen of various origin characterized by high seed productivity. This technique allows you to select genotypes that are less capable of self-pollination, and more capable of cross-pollination, which in the future will increase the viability and productivity of generation.

A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF CANDIDATES TO SYNTHETIC VARIETY-POPULATIONS IN THE SCOTS PINE VARIETY TESTS IN GUTYANSKE FOREST ENTERPRISE

The article presents the results of the examination of Scots pine progenies from nine clonal seed orchards (CSO) and one permanent forest seed stand (PFSS), which were potential synthetic variety-populations, as well as of their regional control variants (Kharkiv, Kyiv, Rivne and Volyn regions). All the progenies were tested in the Gutyanske Forest Enterprise in Kharkiv region. Mensuration and breeding indicators and state and level of resin productivity were estimated. At the age of 20, three out of ten potential variety-populations exceeded local control by the heights and diameters. The variants from the eastern and central regions were better than western ones by the breeding structure and state category. Only one candidate to the variety-population exceeded local control by the level of resin productivity, the rest ones were somewhat lower. In seven variants, the proportion of trees with higher resistance to phytopathology, in particular, to the annosum root rot, were higher (Pst = 45…50 %) than in the control (Pst = 40 %). The correlation between the resin productivity and the growth characteristics were weak (for diameter, r = 0,32 ± 0,055; for height, r = 0,17 ± 0,057). The results of integrated point assessment of candidates to variety-populations indicated the feasibility of using seeds from CSO and PFSS to create Scots pine stands to be potentially resistant to phytopathogenic diseases.