scholarly journals Accumulation of Lipochitin Oligosaccharides and NodD-Activating Compounds in an Efficient Plant-Rhizobium Nodulation Assay

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teun Tak ◽  
Paulina C. van Spronsen ◽  
Jan W. Kijne ◽  
Anton A. N. van Brussel ◽  
Kees J. M. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Legume Plant ◽  
Root Hair Formation ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

During legume plant-Rhizobium spp. interactions, leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules, the two ma-or determinants of host plant-specificity are plant-produced nod gene inducers (NodD protein activating compounds) and bacterial lipochitin oligosaccharides (LCOs or Nod factors). In a time course, we describe the accumulation of LCOs in an efficient nodulation assay with Vicia sativa subsp. nigra and Rhizobium leguminosarum, in connection with the presence of NodD-activating compounds in the exudate of V. sativa roots. Relatively small amounts of both LCOs and NodD-activating compounds were found to be required for initiation of nodulation during the first days after inoculation. A strong increase in the amount of NodRlv-V[18:4, Ac] LCOs preceded root infection and nodule primordium formation. In contrast to the situation with non-nodulating rhizobia and nonmitogenic LCOs, the amount of NodD-activating compounds in the culture medium remained small after addition of nodulating rhizobia or mitogenic LCOs. Furthermore, addition of nodulating rhizobia or mitogenic LCOs resulted in nearly complete inhibition of root hair formation and elongation, whereas nonmitogenic LCOs stimulated root hair growth. Retention of NodD-activating compounds in the root may inhibit root hair growth.

scholarly journals GTL1 is required for a robust root hair growth response to avoid nutrient overloading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michitaro Shibata ◽  
David S Favero ◽  
Ryu Takebayashi ◽  
Ayako Kawamura ◽  
Bart Rymen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hand Defects ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Root Hair Formation ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Formation

Root hair growth is tuned in response to the environment surrounding plants. While most of previous studies focused on the enhancement of root hair growth during nutrient starvation, few studies investigated the root hair response in the presence of excess nutrients. We report that the post-embryonic growth of wild-type Arabidopsis plants is strongly suppressed with increasing nutrient availability, particularly in the case of root hair growth. We further used gene expression profiling to analyze how excess nutrient availability affects root hair growth, and found that RHD6 subfamily genes, which are positive regulators of root hair growth, are down-regulated in this condition. On the other hand, defects in GTL1 and DF1, which are negative regulators of root hair growth, cause frail and swollen root hairs to form when excess nutrients are supplied. Additionally, we observed that the RHD6 subfamily genes are mis-expressed in gtl1-1 df1-1. Furthermore, overexpression of RSL4, an RHD6 subfamily gene, induces swollen root hairs in the face of a nutrient overload, while mutation of RSL4 in gtl1-1 df1-1 restore root hair swelling phenotype. In conclusion, our data suggest that GTL1 and DF1 prevent unnecessary root hair formation by repressing RSL4 under excess nutrient conditions.

scholarly journals The TOR–Auxin Connection Upstream of Root Hair Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Retzer ◽  
Wolfram Weckwerth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Root Hair Cell ◽  
Root Hair Growth

Plant growth and productivity are orchestrated by a network of signaling cascades involved in balancing responses to perceived environmental changes with resource availability. Vascular plants are divided into the shoot, an aboveground organ where sugar is synthesized, and the underground located root. Continuous growth requires the generation of energy in the form of carbohydrates in the leaves upon photosynthesis and uptake of nutrients and water through root hairs. Root hair outgrowth depends on the overall condition of the plant and its energy level must be high enough to maintain root growth. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR)-mediated signaling cascades serve as a hub to evaluate which resources are needed to respond to external stimuli and which are available to maintain proper plant adaptation. Root hair growth further requires appropriate distribution of the phytohormone auxin, which primes root hair cell fate and triggers root hair elongation. Auxin is transported in an active, directed manner by a plasma membrane located carrier. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 2 is necessary to transport auxin to root hair cells, followed by subcellular rearrangements involved in root hair outgrowth. This review presents an overview of events upstream and downstream of PIN2 action, which are involved in root hair growth control.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis VILLIN4 is involved in root hair growth through regulating actin organization in a Ca2+-dependent manner

2011 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yingyu Xiao ◽  
Fei Du ◽  
Lijuan Cao ◽  
Huaijian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Root Hair Growth

ROP-GEF signal transduction is involved in AtCAP1-regulated root hair growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongzheng Huang ◽  
Xuemiao jiao ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Mimi Zhang ◽  
Mengmemg Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Root Hair Growth

scholarly journals A Class I ADP-Ribosylation Factor GTPase-Activating Protein Is Critical for Maintaining Directional Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1659-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol-Min Yoo ◽  
Jiangqi Wen ◽  
Christy M. Motes ◽  
J. Alan Sparks ◽  
Elison B. Blancaflor
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Class I ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Adp Ribosylation Factor

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanism of Nutrients on Root Hair Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Shao-Bi Gong ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Yu-Jie Yang ◽  
De-Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Root Hair Growth

scholarly journals The molecular link between auxin and ROS-Mediated polar root hair growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Mangano ◽  
Silvina Paola Denita-Juarez ◽  
Hee-Seung Choi ◽  
Eliana Marzol ◽  
Youra Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Polar Growth ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Original Size

AbstractRoot hair polar growth is endogenously controlled by auxin and sustained by oscillating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These cells extend several hundred-fold their original size toward signals important for plant survival. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown. Here, we show that ROS production is controlled by the transcription factors RSL4, which in turn is transcriptionally regulated by auxin through several Auxin Responsive Factors (ARFs). In this manner, auxin controls ROS-mediated polar growth by activating RSL4, which then upregulates the expression of genes encoding NADPH oxidases (also known as RBOHs, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG proteins) and Class-III Peroxidases (PER), which catalyse ROS production. Chemical or genetic interference with the ROS balance or peroxidase activity affect root hair final cell size. Overall, our findings establish a molecular link between auxin regulated ARFs-RSL4 and ROS-mediated polar root hair growth.Significance StatementTip-growing root hairs are excellent model systems to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell elongation. Root hairs are able to expand in response to external signals, increasing several hundred-fold their original size, which is important for survival of the plant. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown. In this study, we propose a molecular mechanism that links the auxin-Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) module to activation of RSL4, which directly targets genes encoding ROS-producing enzymes, such as NADPH oxidases (or RBOHs) and secreted type-III peroxidases (PERs). Activation of these genes impacts apoplastic ROS homeostasis, thereby stimulating root hair cell elongation.

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