Effect of biological and chemical treatments during flowering on stem-end rot, and mango yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Feygenberg ◽  
Sonia Diskin ◽  
Dalia Maurer ◽  
Noam Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Inflorescence Stem ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Pathogenic fungi, as Botryosphaeriaceae family, can penetrate during flowering and endophytically colonize the stem of mango fruit (Mangifera indica) without causing any visible symptoms. Those fungi become active during abiotic stress or fruit ripening and cause stem and inflorescence dieback or fruit stem-end rot (SER). We hypothesized that antifungal treatments during the main event of Botryosphaeriaceae penetration would reduce the disease. Initially, we showed that treatments with Switch [fludioxonil and cyprodinil] during orchard flowering (cv. Keitt and Shelly) reduced the occurrence of pathogenic fungi in the fruit stem end and significantly reduced fruit's SER. As mango orchards are sprayed weekly against powdery mildew during flowering, we combined two treatments against powdery mildew with two treatments against both powdery mildew and SER-causing pathogens. Application of biological treatments of Serenade [Bacillus subtilis] or chemical treatments of Luna Tranquility [fluopyram and pyrimethanil] or Switch during flowering in 'Shelly' and 'Keitt' mango orchards significantly reduced inflorescence/stem dieback (up to 50%) and fruit drop and significantly increased the number of fruit per tree, which led to a significant increase in yield, up to 41%, in heavily infected orchards. In addition, this application during flowering (March–April) affected postharvest fruit quality (August–September) by a significant (p<0.005) reduction of incidence and severity of stem-end rots and even fruit side rot, without affecting fruit ripening and other quality parameters. While all fungicides were effective, the chemical fungicides were more effective than the biological fungicide. Thus, changing the powdery mildew fungicide regime to control also the Botryosphaeriaceae penetration during mango orchard flowering, led to reduced inflorescence/stem dieback, reduced fruit drop, increase in yield, and minimize postharvest decay.

scholarly journals 720 PB 432 THE EFFECT OF APPLYING CALCIUM ON THE RIPENING OF MANGO FRUITS (Mangifera indica L)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 536c-536
Author(s):  
Judith Zambrano ◽  
Juan Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of applying Ca++ in two forms: infiltration and dipping on mango fruit cv `Haden' was investigated. This effect was evaluated by measuring some quality parameters in the flesh and in the skin of the fruit. It was found that postharvest application of Ca++ extent the storage life of the fruit by a week. This fact, together with the results obtained from the quantification of sugars, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids alcohol. insoluble solids, starch and titrable acidity seem to indicate that the application of Ca++ delays slightly the process associated with ripeness. Furthermore, no significant difference between the two forms of Ca++ applied was found, except for the amount of ascorbic acid and total sugar. Finally, dipping application of Ca++ is easier than infiltration and it is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of mango using non-destructive approaches: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most popular and nutritionally rich fruits. It is also acknowledged as the king of fruits in India. Quality attributes of mango fruit depends on its appearances such as size, shape, skin colour, flesh colour, flavour, sweetness, and aroma. Over the recent years, non-destructive techniques have been garnering the interest of researchers as potential technologies that can be used for quality assessment of fruits in a part of postharvest processing. The present patterns of non-destructive techniques are more efficient, inexpensive, yield faster and accurate results. This mini review paper focuses on some of the previous applications of non-destructive techniques in quality evaluation of mango, focusing specifically on the non-destructive technique based on quality parameters. The future trend of using non-destructive techniques for quality evaluation is also discussed in this review paper.

Purification and characterization of two isoforms of native α amylase from Ok-Rong mango (Mangifera indica Linn. cv. Ok-Rong)

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raksmont Ubonbal ◽  
Saijai Porsoongnoen ◽  
Jureerut Daduang ◽  
Sompong Klaynongsruang ◽  
Sakda Daduang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Structure Properties

AbstractIntroduction:The tropical plant amylases involved in the fruit ripening stage is outstanding for their high activities in converting starch to sugars within a short period at high temperatures over 40°C.Methods:The α amylase iso-enzymes from Ok-Rong mango (Results:The enzyme was purified 105-fold with a final specific activity of 59.27 U mgConclusion:Two α amylase iso-enzymes were classified as members of the low-pI group of amylases with identical structure, properties and functions. They are mesophilic with high possibilities for application for many purposes.

scholarly journals Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Adriana Mellado-Vázquez ◽  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Alfredo López-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

scholarly journals Ruminal Acidosis Caused by Excessive Ingestion of Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica) in Cow

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianna Ghisi Gomes ◽  
Wilson Gonçalves De Faria Júnior ◽  
Viviane Antunes Pimentel ◽  
Paulo Roberto Spiller ◽  
Fernando Weibe Ferreira de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Digestive disturbances in ruminants are associated with forage shortages during periods of dry weather. Foods available at this time are generally of poor quality and low digestibility, which makes it necessary to pursue alternative food sources where available. Grain-heavy diets; concentrated rations rich in rapidly fermenting carbohydrates; and whey, tubers and fruits high in starch and glucose, contribute to ruminal acidosis. Here we report a case of ruminal acidosis due to excessive ingestion of the mango fruit (Mangifera indica), "manguita" cultivate, by an adult bovine.Case: In the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, during December, a Dutch female bovine adult, weighing approximately 600 kg, was observed showing signs of apathy for two days with diarrhea. The animal had a rumenostomy with flexible cannula in the left paralumbar fossa and was in the final third of gestation. During clinical examination, the animal was in season, and an increase in the volume of the left dorsal region and changes in physiological variables were observed (lightly pale mucosa, capillary filling time of 4 s, heart rate [HR] of 82 beats per min; respiratory rate (f) of 30 moments per min; absence of ruminal movements and rectal temperature [RT] of 39.5°C). Upon removal of the cannula lid, a considerable amount of liquid and a large quantity of mango (Mangifera indica), "manguita" cultivate, were observed. Blood sample and ruminal fluid were collected and ruminal contents weighing approximately 40 kg were evacuated. Physical-chemical analysis of the ruminal liquid (pH = 4.0, brown color, aqueous consistency and characteristic fruit odor) resulted in a diagnosis of ruminal acidosis. Treatment included administration of fluid therapy (Lactate Ringer; 2 mL/kg/h), hepatoprotector (1 mL/20 kg), antimicrobial (Ampicillin Sodium; 10 mg/kg/IV and Sulfadoxine; 30 mg/kg/IV) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Meloxicam; 0.5 mg/kg/IV) drugs, associated with evacuation of ruminal contents, and administration of grass and transfaunation, for three days. Following treatment, the physiological variables and physical-chemical characteristics of the ruminal liquid returned to normal limits (pH = 6.0, greenish brown coloration, aqueous consistency and aromatic normal ruminal liquid odor). By 30 days of initial care, the animal was active and had given birth, with no abnormal changes in physiological variables and physical-chemical characteristics of the ruminal fluid.Discussion: A decrease in food supplies during the dry season forces animals to seek alternative sources of food to meet their needs, as observed in this case study. Intake of a large amount of mango was the cause of ruminal acidosis due to an overabundance of simple sugars. The measures established for the clinical evaluation, diagnostic methods used, collection of blood sample and rumen fluid, and the adopted therapy, administration of fluid therapy, antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, associated with evacuation of the ruminal content, transfaunation, administered directly to the rumen, were essential to directing the diagnosis and obtaining a fast recovery time for the female bovine. Therefore, it can be concluded the excessive intake of fruit was the primary cause of rumen acidosis, and efficient case management led to observed clinical improvements in the physical-chemical characteristics of the ruminal liquid, with no recurrence of previous clinical signs.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Sensor FT-NIR Melalui Transformasi Wavelet Untuk Evaluasi Kadar Gula Mangga Gadung (Mangifera Indica)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhram ◽  
Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal ◽  
Agus Arip Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Baseline Correction ◽  
Mango Fruit

Abstrak: Sebelum adanya uji non-destruktif pada mangga untuk mengetahui kandungan kadar gula pada buah mangga selalu dilakukan metode destruktif yaitu dengan cara mangga diperas sari buahnya dan dilihat oBrix dengan menggunakan alat refraktometer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrument berbasis teknologi sensor FT-NIR melalui transformasi wavelet (wavelet segmentation) sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu mendeteksi cepat kualitas buah mangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat FT-NIR dengan sensor photodiode. Penelitian ini menggunakan model prediksi yang dibangun dengan menggunakan metode Partial least square dengan metode koreksi baseline correction. Setelah itu untuk mendeteksi data pencilan menggunakan metode analisa PCA dan hotelling T2 ellips sehingga data prediksi tidak ada noise (gangguan). Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis laboratorium untuk mendapatkan nilai acuan dalam membangun model prediksi. Dalam membangun model prediksi Parameter statistika yang biasa digunakan untuk mengevaluasi model yang dihasilkan adalah Nilai Error (RMSEC), Nilai Koefisien Korelasi (r), Nilai Koefisien Determinasi (R2), dan RPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa self developed FT-NIR mampu mendeteksi zat organik kadar gula dengan kisaran gelombang 2137 nm – 2333 nm, spektrum yang telah dikoreksi menggunakan baseline correction diperoleh nilai parameter statistiknya adalah R2 = 0,881, nilai r = 0,939, nilai RPD = 2,149, nilai error (RMSEC) sebesar 0,782. model yang dihasilkan adalah model prediksi yang bagus (good model performance) karena nilai RPD berada pada kisaran 2 - 2,5.Development of Fourier Transform Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) Through Wavelet Transformation For Sugar Content Evaluation Mango Gadung (Mangifera Indica)Abstrack : Before the existence of non-destructive test on mango determine of sugar content in mango fruit always destructively by way of mango squeezed juice and seen Brix by using tool of refractometer. This research aims to develop intrument based on FT-NIR sensor technology through wavelet transformation (wavelet segmentation) so it is expected to help detect the quality of mango fruit fast. This research uses FT-NIR tool with photodiode sensor. This research uses prediction model which established by using partial least square method with correction method of baseline correction. Then proceed with laboratory analysis to obtain the reference value in building predictive model. In constructing the prediction model the usual statistical parameters used to evaluate the resulting model are error value (RMSEC), correlation coefficients (r), coefficient of determination (R2), and RPD. The results showed that self developed FT-NIR was able to detect organic subtance of sugar content with wave range 2137 nm - 2333 nm, the corrected spectra using baseline correction obtained statistic parameter value is R2 = 0,881, r = 0,939, value RPD = 2,149, error value (RMSEC) to 0,782. The model produced is a good model of performance (good model performance) because the value of RPD is in the range between 2 and 2,5.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils on in Vitro Growth of Fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa Infecting Button Mushroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-427
Author(s):  
Romuald Górski ◽  
Hanna Dorna ◽  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Dorota Szopińska ◽  
Alina Kałużewicz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract The aim of the studies was to investigate the effect of camel grass, lavender, patchouli, peppermint and tea tree essential oils, and their mixtures on the in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa, occurring in the cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth of the tested pathogens was evaluated on PDA medium. Essential oils were added in three doses: 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3 of PDA medium. Camel grass and peppermint essential oils applied at the highest dose inhibited completely the in vitro growth of C. dendroides mycelium. Lavender oil used at the amount of 1 mg·cm–3 reduced the growth of the pathogen by 90 %. In the case of M. perniciosa the complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed after the addition of camel grass oil to PDA medium, irrespective of a dose, and lavender oil at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3. The efficacy of the tested mixtures against M. perniciosa was high. Generally, all mixtures of essential oils, irrespective of a dose, completely controlled the growth of the pathogen. The complete inhibition of the growth of C. dendroides was observed only on the medium with the addition of the mixture of camel grass and peppermint oils at the highest dose. The conducted research showed that natural essential oils due to their antifungal properties could be useful in the Integrated Disease Management for the protection of button mushroom against diseases. They could be an effective alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

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