scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation in the Pearl Millet Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe grisea and Identification of Resistance to Diverse Pathotypes

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. V. Manjunatha ◽  
K. N. Rai ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Serious Disease

Blast, also known as leaf spot, caused by Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea), has emerged as a serious disease affecting both forage and grain production in pearl millet in India. Pathogenic variation was studied in a greenhouse using 25 M. grisea isolates collected from four major pearl-millet-growing states in India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh) on 10 pearl millet genotypes (ICMB 02444, ICMB 02777, ICMB 06444, ICMB 93333, ICMB 96666, ICMB 97222, ICMB 99444, 863B, ICMR 06222, and ICMB 95444). Differential reactions to the test isolates were recorded on ICMB 02444, ICMB 93333, ICMB 97222, 863B, and ICMR 06222. The 25 isolates were grouped into five different pathotypes based on their reaction types (virulent = score ≥ 4 and avirulent = score ≤ 3 on a 1-to-9 scale). For the identification of resistance sources, a pearl millet mini-core comprising 238 accessions was evaluated under greenhouse conditions against five M. grisea isolates (Pg118, Pg119, Pg56, Pg53, and Pg45) representing the five pathotypes. Of 238 accessions, 32 were found to be resistant to at least one pathotype. Resistance to multiple pathotypes (two or more) was recorded in several accessions, while three accessions (IP 7846, IP 11036, and IP 21187) exhibited resistance to four of the five pathotypes. Four early-flowering (≤50 days) blast-resistant mini-core accessions (IP 7846, IP 4291, IP 15256, and IP 22449) and four accessions (IP 5964, IP 11010, IP 13636, and IP 20577) having high scores (≥7) for grain and green fodder yield potential and overall plant aspect were found to be promising for utilization in pearl millet improvement programs. Identification of five pathotypes of M. grisea and sources of resistance to these pathotypes will provide a foundation for breeding for blast resistance in pearl millet in India.

Evaluation of Different Varieties of Pearl Millet for Green Fodder Yield Potential

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Muni . ◽  
Ahmad Hasan Khan . ◽  
Sultan Salahuddin .
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

Study of green fodder yield potential of pearl millet genotypes under rainfed conditions of Gujarat, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Dhedhi ◽  
V. V. Ansodariya ◽  
N. N. Chaudhari ◽  
J. S. Sorathiya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Grassland Research

Twenty three fodder pearl millet genotypes including two checks <italic>viz</italic>., DFMH 30 and PAC 981 were evaluated at Pearl millet Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU), Jamnagar and Grassland Research Station, JAU, Dhari during <italic>kharif</italic> 2014. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, dry fodder yield and green fodder yield while differences for plant population and grain yield were non significant. The locations differences were found significant for all the characters studied. The genotypes x locations differences were observed non significant for all the traits except plant population and grain yield. Days to 50 % flowering varied from 52 days (DFMH 30) to 77 days (IP 15564). Days to maturity ranged between 75 days (IP 2761) to 96 days (IP 14542). IP 22269 (342 cm) was observed the tallest genotype, while, check DFMH 30 (252 cm) was manifested the shortest genotype. Dry fodder yield ranged from 96 q/ha (IP 5153, IP 2761) to 208 q/ha (ICMV 05222). The genotype ICMV 05222 (390 q/ha) produced the highest green fodder yield among all the genotypes followed by IP 6202 (348 q/ha) and IP 15564 (341 q/ha). Hence, these three genotypes <italic>viz</italic>., ICMV 05222, IP 6202 and IP 15564 may be considered for general cultivation under rainfed conditions of Gujarat.

scholarly journals Selection of Host Differentials for Elucidating Pathogenic Variation in Magnaporthe grisea Populations Adapted to Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana)

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1784-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talluri Kiran Babu ◽  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
R. P. Thakur ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
P. Narayan Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Disease Resistance Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea), is the most devastating disease of finger millet affecting production, utilization, and trade in Africa and Southeast Asia. An attempt was made to select a set of putative host differentials that can be used to determine virulence diversity in finger-millet-infecting populations of M. grisea. Thus, a differential set comprising eight germplasm accessions selected from finger millet core collection (IE 2911, IE 2957, IE 3392, IE 4497, IE 5091, IE 6240, IE 6337, and IE 7079) and a resistant (‘GPU 28’) and a susceptible (‘VR 708’) variety was developed. This differential set was used to study pathogenic variation in 25 isolates of M. grisea collected from Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh states in India. Based on the reaction (virulent = score ≥4 and avirulent = score ≤3 on a 1-to-9 scale) on host differentials, nine pathotypes were identified among 25 M. grisea isolates. Pathotype 9, represented by isolate Pg23 from Vizianagaram, was the most virulent because it could infect all of the host differentials except GPU 28. This study will be helpful in devising strategies for monitoring virulence change in M. grisea populations, and for identification of blast resistance in finger millet for use in disease resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Diversity and gaps in Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii (Maire) Br. germplasm conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
Sube Singh ◽  
C. L. L. Gowda ◽  
M. Irshad Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cluster 2

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics conserves 335 accessions of Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii originated in 13 countries. In the present study, the collection was evaluated and assessed for diversity and geographical gaps. A wide variation was observed in the collection for total tillers per plant (16 to 609), productive tillers per plant (12 to 368), leaf length (21.3 to 58.8 cm) and leaf width (8.1 to 33.1 mm), indicating high fodder yield potential of the collection. The accessions of cluster 3 flowered late, grew tall with thick stems and long and broad leaves, and differed significantly from those of cluster 1 and cluster 2. The accessions of cluster 2 were found to be promising for tillering. The highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.944) between total and productive tillers per plant suggests that the selection for total tillers will result in selection for productive tillers. A total of 354 districts located in 86 provinces of eight countries in the primary centre of origin for pearl millet were identified as geographical gaps. The probability map generated using FloraMap in the present study matched quite closely to the origin of pearl millet, supporting the prediction of P.glaucum subsp. monodii occurrence in the primary centre of diversity for pearl millet. The high fodder yield potential of P.glaucum subsp. monodii germplasm and low intensity of collection in countries under study suggest the need for launching germplasm collection missions, exclusively for pearl millet wild relatives to fill taxonomic and geographical gaps in the collection.

scholarly journals Pearl Millet Blast Pathogen Virulence Study and Identification of Resistance Donors on Virulent Isolate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bramareswara Rao ◽  
SR Krishna Motukuri ◽  
K Arun Kumar ◽  
CHVN Praveen Babu ◽  
Vaibhav Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Raised Bed

Pearl Millet leaf Blast caused by Pyricularia grisea [teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea], is spreading at an alarming rate in the major Pearl millet growing geographies of India effecting grain yield and green fodder yield. Blast isolates collected from Jaipur, Alwar and Toopran regions of India and virulence study conducted to identify the most virulent isolate among the three isolates. Artificial screening for Blast conducted on a raised bed method utilising uniform Blast Nursery (UBN) method. Eleven Pearl Millet genotypes (ICMB01333, ICMB03444, ICMB03555, ICMB06111, ICMB95444, ICMB11666, ICMB14333, ICMB14666, ICMB97111, ICMR12888 and ICMR06444) were screened with three blast isolates utilising artificial screening method. Among the eleven genotypes, ten genotypes were showing susceptible to Jaipur isolate indicating that the Jaipur isolate having highest virulence among the three isolates. To identify Blast resistant donors for Jaipur isolate, a set of 93 genotypes containing of 45 maintainer lines and 48 restorer lines were screened under both UBN and field conditions (Jaipur, Rajasthan). Among all the lines evaluated, five lines are showing resistant reaction for Jaipur isolate with disease score less than 1.9. ICMR06444 from restorer background and IC414K14B5, IC594K16B5, RBB037 and IC6912K18B from maintainer background are identified as resistant lines. Identified lines can be utilised in pearl millet hybrid breeding programme.

scholarly journals Identification of Blast Resistance in a Core Collection of Foxtail Millet Germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
A. G. Girish ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
P. Humayun ◽  
T. K. Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Blast Score ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Yield Trials

Blast, also known as leaf spot, caused by Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea), is a serious disease affecting both forage and grain production in foxtail millet in India. For the identification of new and diverse sources of blast resistance, a foxtail millet core collection comprising 155 accessions was evaluated against the Patancheru isolate (Fx 57) of M. grisea. In a field screen during 2009 and 2010, 21 accessions were identified with neck and head blast resistance against Fx 57. In a greenhouse screen, 11 of the 155 accessions exhibited seedling leaf blast resistance to the same isolate. Further evaluation of the selected 28 accessions (found resistant to neck and head blast under field conditions during 2009 and 2010 or leaf blast in the greenhouse screen) against four M. grisea isolates (Fx 57, Fx 58, Fx 60, and Fx 62 from Patancheru, Nandyal, Vizianagaram, and Mandya, respectively) led to the identification of 16 accessions with leaf, sheath, neck, and head blast resistance to at least one isolate. Two accessions (ISe 1181 and ISe 1547) were free from head blast infection and showed resistance to leaf (score ≤3.0 on a 1-to-9 scale), neck, and sheath blast (score ≤2.0 on a 1-to-5 scale) against all four isolates. In addition, ISe 1067 and ISe 1575 also exhibited high levels of blast resistance. Blast-resistant accessions with superior agronomic and nutritional quality traits can be evaluated in multilocation yield trials before releasing them for cultivation to farmers.

scholarly journals Natural Variation at the Pi-ta Rice Blast Resistance Locus

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Jia ◽  
Gregory T. Bryan ◽  
Leonard Farrall ◽  
Barbara Valent
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Blast Resistance ◽  
Intron Region

The resistance gene Pi-ta protects rice crops against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea expressing the avirulence gene AVR-Pita in a gene-for-gene manner. Pi-ta, originally introgressed into japonica rice from indica origin, was previously isolated by positional cloning. In this study, we report the nucleotide sequence of a 5,113-base pair region containing a japonica susceptibility pi-ta allele, which has overall 99.6% nucleotide identity to the indica Pi-ta allele conferring resistance. The intron region shows the levels of sequence diversity that typically differentiate genes from indica and japonica rices, but the other gene regions show less diversity. Sequences of the Pi-ta allele from resistant cultivars Katy and Drew from the southern United States are identical to the resistance Pi-ta sequence. Sequences from susceptible cultivars El Paso 144 and Cica 9 from Latin America define a third susceptibility haplotype. This brings the total number of Pi-ta haplotypes identified to four, including the resistance allele and three susceptibility alleles. The Pi-ta locus shows low levels of DNA polymorphism compared with other analyzed R genes. Understanding the natural diversity at the Pi-ta locus is important for designing specific markers for incorporation of this R gene into rice-breeding programs.

Claviceps fusiformis. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for C. fusiformis Loveless. Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae. Hosts: Panicum (pearl millet), Setaria and related genera. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Pakistan), Africa (Botswana, Burkina Faso, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico).

scholarly journals Development of rice pre-breeding resources with blast resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Zh M Mukhina ◽  
E G Savenko ◽  
T L Korotenko ◽  
I I Suprun ◽  
O. A. Bragina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Breeding Resources

Within the framework of this study, the first Russian-Chinese joint program for development of rice varieties with long-term blast resistance was launched on the basis of rice germplasm exchange and the subsequent comprehensive study of the obtained breeding samples, hybridization of Russian and Chinese varieties with specified traits. The genetic diversity of the Chinese rice samples obtained by exchange was studied by biological and morphological traits of plants, taxonomic belonging to a botanical variety, elements of the yield structure, and resistance to lodging. 31 hybrid combinations (F1) from the crossing of Russian and Chinese varieties were used to obtain the BC1 generation. The technologies of cultivation of isolated rice anthers in vitro have been optimized in relation to Chinese genotypes in order to accelerate the genetic stabilization of breeding material obtained from crossing. Phenotyping of Russian and Chinese breeding samples was carried out on the basis of resistance to the local population of the blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr)), on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds. DNA identification of genes for blast resistance was carried out for the same breeding samples. Based on the experimental data obtained, promising samples were selected - prototypes of new rice varieties.

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