scholarly journals First report of Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus infecting peony in the United States and the Netherlands

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cullen Shaffer ◽  
David C Michener ◽  
Nastassia Vlasava ◽  
Marleen Botermans ◽  
John Starre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Third

Lemoine’s disease of peonies (LDP) is associated with root galls that could lead to stunted growth and reduced flowering. In the quest to identify the causal agent(s) of LDP, two symptomatic plants (cv. Alice Crousse [AC] and Alice Harding [AH]) were sampled in Arkansas in 2019 and sequenced as described (Shaffer et al., 2019). Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus (GKaV) was present in both plants. The contigs from AH were mapped to the reference sequence of GKaV (AB698918; Kobayashi et al. 2013) yielding 87% of the ~23kb genome, which was completed by Sanger sequencing (Genbank accession no. MW646307) as per Thekke-Veetil et al. (2013). Sample AC was co-infected with cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) and AH with CNSV, citrus leaf blotch virus and lychnis mottle virus. Gentiana triflora -Pall. and G. scabra Bunge plants with Kobu-sho disease symptoms that include galls/tumors on all parts of gentian were also positive for GKaV (Iwadate et al. 2006; Kodama et al. 2004). The striking similarity between symptoms of the two diseases led to the development of a GKaV screening protocol to determine its presence in LPD-affected material. Primers GKaVF 5’-TTAGTGATGAGTGCCTTTTCC-3’ and GKaVR 5’-CTGCCAGTCTTCTTGTGAACC-3’ which amplify a 574 nt region of the virus were used to screen 144 peony leaf samples from the University of Michigan’s Nichols Arboretum collection. Thirty-two (32) plants were stunted whereas 112 displayed normal growth. Nineteen (59%) of the stunted plants tested positive for GKaV compared to eight (6.5%) of the symptomless plants. Partial GKaV genome sequences of three isolates from stunted Michigan plants were deposited in GenBank (MW646310-12) along with three GKaV isolates from Arkansas collected at the same location and time as AC and AH (MW646308-9, MW646313); two had LDP symptoms and the status of the third was unknown. In 2020 four peony root samples from the Netherlands were sequenced as described in Hammond et al. (2021) to identify the causal agent of root galls in three samples. GKaV was present in two: cv. Paul M. Wild and #40391499 and the nearly complete genome sequences were deposited in GenBank (MW916234-5). ‘Paul M. Wild’ was co-infected with cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco rattle virus and #40391499 with a novel amalgavirid. The third symptomatic cv. Many Happy Returns was infected with CNSV while the fourth symptomless cv. Itoh was infected with CNSV and amazon lily mild mottle virus (Shaffer et al., 2021). Percent pairwise identities between sequences were calculated using the SDT Version 1.2 (Muhire et al. 2014). The six partial GKaV sequences from Michigan and Arkansas share 92-100% nt (98-100% aa) identity. Analysis of the three near full length GKaV genomes presented in this communication and the type isolate (NC020252) showed 87-91% nt (93-97% aa) identity. This report provides evidence that GKaV infects peony and is present in Europe and North America. The association of GKaV with LDP is not established, but the virus has been detected in 59% of the plants showing disease symptoms and in ˂7% of asymptomatic plants. We hypothesize that as in the case of Gentian, GKaV has an extended incubation period in peony (Kobayashi et al., 2013) and its titer may fluctuate between seasons as it has been well established for other crops (Villamor et al., 202x). The industry does not perform virus clean-up routinely; propagation material should be tested for GKaV to minimize its spread since the virus may be associated with LDP in at least some cultivars.

scholarly journals An International Conference on the Protection of Nature

Oryx ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Union ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Third

The third technical meeting of the International Union for the Protection of Nature was held in Salzburg from 15th to 20th September, the last two days being occupied by excursions in which the majority of delegates took part. The term delegates is used though it is not strictly correct, for participants attended the conference as individuals only. Twelve countries were represented: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Yugoslavia. Unfortunately there was nobody from the United States, a great supporter of the Union, but papers and information from America helped to fill this gap.

A Strain of Japanese holly fern mottle virus Infecting Leatherleaf Fern in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Valverde ◽  
Sead Sabanadzovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Foliage Plant ◽  
Cut Foliage

Leatherleaf fern, a popular cut foliage plant for use in flower arrangements, was found showing virus-like symptoms at a local nursery in Baton Rouge, LA. The causal agent of the disease was determined to be a strain of Japanese holly fern mottle virus. The virus was identified by dsRNA, RT-PCR, and sequence analyses. The potential negative impact of this pathogen on leatherleaf fern production and its spread within the crop should be a concern for leatherleaf fern growers. Accepted for publication 17 December 2010. Published 28 January 2011.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora nicotianae on Limonium in Europe

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
E. Ilieva ◽  
W. A. Man in 't Veld ◽  
B. F. Wessels-Berk ◽  
R. P. Baayen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
First Report

Limonium (statice or sea-lavendar, family Plumbaginaceae) is grown in the Netherlands as a perennial (Limonium sinense) or annual (Limonium sinuatum) crop. Plants have tufted leaves and numerous clustered flowers of different colors and are used for flower arrangements. In August 2000, we received diseased plants of L. sinense cv. Diamond and L. sinuatum. Disease symptoms consisted of leaf wilting followed by plant collapse. The base of the leaves showed progressive necrotic areas that later turned dark brown to black. The cortex of the stem and roots was water-soaked and dark brown to black. Longitudinal sections of stems and roots of diseased plants displayed discoloration of tissues. Rotted root tissue was brown with a characteristic black margin. Rotted vascular tissues and other stem parts were also dark brown. Pith parenchyma turned gray-brown and had a firm, wet rot. In plants with advanced disease symptoms, a cavity in the stem parenchyma was observed. Isolations were made from sections of symptomatic leaves, stems and roots of both Limonium species on cherry and water agar (WA), followed by incubation at 20°C. Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the base of leaves, stems, and roots of diseased plants and identification of isolates was based on morphological characteristics and by isozyme analysis (3). Observations of colony morphology and growth at 35°C were made on V8 agar. Mating type was determined in dual cultures with mating type A2 (P. nicotianae, P 1923 [4]) and A1 (P. nicotianae, PD98/8/10402). Sporangial features were observed from liquid cultures of the isolates (autoclaved soil-extract or sterile distilled water). All isolates formed colonies consisting of loose, fluffy aerial mycelia. Sporangia and chlamydospores were present in all fungal isolates and all isolates were able to grow at 35°C. Few sporangia were produced on solid media (WA and V8 juice agar), but were abundant in liquid cultures. Sporangia were borne singly or in simple sympodial sporangiophores (3 to 4 sporangia), and were ovoid/spherical, obturbinate with rounded base and had prominent papillae (some had two papillae). Sporangia measured 40 to 64 × 24 to 56 μm, (average 50.4 × 38.4 μm) and had an average length:breath ratio of 1.3:1. Chlamydospores were terminal and intercalary and measured 18 to 44 μm (average 31.6 μm). Hyphal swellings with hyphal outgrowths were present. Isolates of the fungus were heterothallic and produced oogonia and oospores rapidly and abundantly on V8 agar at 22°C only with the A1 mating type of P. nicotianae. We concluded that all isolates from Limonium had the A2 compatibility type. Antheridia were amphigynous. Oogonia were spherical and ranged from 20 to 30 μm, (average 27.5 μm). Oospores ranged from 18 to 27 μm, (average 23.1 μm). The observed characteristics are similar to those described for P. nicotianae. Isozyme analysis, using the dimeric enzymes malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), revealed the presence of the Mdhp100 allele and the Mdh-2100 allele. Both alleles are characteristic for P. nicotianae (3). Based on morphological features and isozyme genotyping, isolates of Phytophthora from diseased Limonium plants could be assigned to P. nicotianae van Breda de haan (1). A report from Florida associated Phytophthora sp. with root rot of Limonium plants (2) but did not identify the species. According to the multi-decade records at the Netherlands Plant Protection Service (unpublished data) Phytophthora has never been observed on Limonium before. This is the first report of P. nicotianae associated with root rot and basal rot of Limonium plants in Europe. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) W. A. Man in 't Veld et al. Phytopathology 88:922–929, 1998. (4) P. Oudemans and M. D. Coffey. Mycol. Res. 95:1025–1046, 1991.

International Rubber Study Group

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Hague

The third meeting of the International Rubber Study Group, comprising representatives of the Governments of France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States, to discuss common problems arising from the production and consumption of rubber, took place at The Hague from November 25 to 28, 1946.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Genetic Clade of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus and Characterization of Its Interaction With Soybean Mosaic Virus in Co-infected Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Wei ◽  
Chenyang Mao ◽  
Chong Jiang ◽  
Hehong Zhang ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genomic Rnas ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Soybean Plants

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV; genus Carlavirus) can be a destructive pathogen of soybean but there is little information about its distribution on soybean in China. Here, we collected soybean plants with virus-like symptoms from 11 fields widely scattered within China, and used high-throughput sequencing to determine their virome. Most samples (8/11) were co-infected by the well-studied potyvirus soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and CPMMV, and the remaining three samples were singly infected with CPMMV. The near-complete genome sequences of the 11 CPMMV isolates were determined and phylogenetic analysis showed that they constituted a new genetic clade. One recombination event was detected among the CPMMV sequences, and the isolate CPMMV_JL_CC was identified as recombinant. In mechanical inoculation assays, co-infection by CPMMV and SMV resulted in an enhancement of disease symptoms, but decreased the expression level of the genomic RNAs and CP of CPMMV, without significantly affecting SMV accumulation. The interaction between these viruses needs further investigation.

The Mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris

2012 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bardet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Third ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

AbstractTaking advantage of the venue in Paris of the Third Mosasaur Meeting (May 2010), the mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) have been entirely checked and revised. The French holotypes have all been restored and most specimens kept at the MNHN have been placed in the Paleontology Gallery as part as a small exhibition organized especially for the meeting. The MNHN mosasaur collections include specimens from the 18th, 19th and 20th century from France, The Netherlands, Belgium, the United States of America, Morocco, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Niger. Most of the mosasaur specimens discovered in France – including most holotypes – are kept in Paris. Besides the French types, the MNHN collections include several important historical specimens from abroad, the most famous being undoubtedly the Cuvier’s ‘Grand Animal Fossile des Carrières de Maestricht’, type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanniMantell, 1829, recognized as the first mosasaur to be named. This work aims to briefly present most of these specimens, with special focus on those found in France. The MNHN mosasaurid collections as a whole reflects the development of palaeontological researches in this Institution, from its foundation at the end of the 18th century up to the present time.

scholarly journals Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Western European Borrelia miyamotoi Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Kuleshov ◽  
Dieuwertje Hoornstra ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Alexander E. Platonov ◽  
Joppe W. Hovius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Sequencing

We report the draft whole-genome sequences of two Borrelia miyamotoi strains isolated in The Netherlands. Using next-generation sequencing, we determined the complete sequence of the chromosomes and several plasmids. The two strains show a genotype typical of European strains, distinct from the genomes of strains from Asia or the United States.

scholarly journals Translation and Re-translation: The Memoirs of Eugénie de Montijo, Ex-Empress of France

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley S. Beal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

D. Appleton’s Memoirs of the Empress Eugénie, published in English in 1920 in New York and London and in translation in Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden, took a circuitous path to publication since the completion of the manuscript in Paris in 1908. The widow of Napoléon iii had contributed via interviews with her godson, Comte Maurice Fleury, stipulating posthumous publication. To protect the work from copyright infringement in the interim, Fleury and co-editor Theodore Stanton translated the French manuscript material into English and added content. A clandestine, anonymous “pre-edition” produced in 1908 established D. Appleton’s claim in Great Britain and the United States. The European publishers, expecting a French manuscript, were dismayed at translating a translation, while re-translation of their versions into English posed the greatest threat to copyright. By 1920, the work’s autobiographical, first-person narration had been modified to the third person and Fleury’s name added as author, but not all European editions followed suit. A mismatched set of supposedly identical translations was the result.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Two Strains of Dasheen mosaic virus on Taro in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1980-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Beilei Wu ◽  
Wayne B. Borth ◽  
Islam Hamim ◽  
James C. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
The Third ◽  
China And India

Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) is one of the major viruses affecting taro (Colocasia esculenta) production worldwide. Whole genome sequences were determined for two DsMV strains, Hawaii Strain I (KY242358) and Hawaii Strain II (KY242359), from taro in Hawaii. They represent the first full-length coding sequences of DsMV reported from the United States. Hawaii Strains I and II were 77 and 85% identical, respectively, with other completely sequenced DsMV isolates. Hawaii Strain I was most closely related to vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) (KX505964.1), a strain of DsMV infecting vanilla in the southern Pacific Islands. Hawaii Strain II was most closely related to a taro DsMV isolate CTCRI-II-14 (KT026108.1) from India. Phylogenetic analysis of all available DsMV isolates based on amino acid sequences of their coat protein showed some correlation between host plant and genetic diversity. Analyses of DsMV genome sequences detected three recombinants from China and India among the six isolates with known complete genome sequences. The DsMV strain NC003537.1 from China is a recombinant of KJ786965.1 from India and Hawaii Strain II. Another DsMV strain KT026108.1 is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. The third DsMV strain KJ786965.1 from India is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombination events in DsMV. Both Hawaii Strains I and II of DsMV were found widespread throughout the Hawaiian islands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document