scholarly journals Anthracnose in U.S. Tea: Pathogen Characterization and Susceptibility Among Six Tea Accessions

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059
Author(s):  
James M. Orrock ◽  
Bala Rathinasabapathi ◽  
Brantlee Spakes Richter
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Small Leaf ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Pathogen Characterization ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
The Impact

Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) is under investigation as a specialty crop in the United States. Anthracnose is a serious disease in global tea production, but there is no literature on the susceptibility of U.S. planting materials to this disease. We isolated a Colletotrichum species from symptomatic plants in a field trial and identified the pathogen as Colletotrichum camelliae based on morphology and sequencing of the ITS, GS, GAPDH, TUB2, and ApMat domains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that local field isolates were genetically similar to one another and grouped with isolates from C. sinensis in China, whereas a local isolate from an ornamental camellia (C. japonica) was more closely related to C. camelliae isolated from other Camellia spp. Six commercially available tea accessions were evaluated in detached leaf assays for susceptibility to this anthracnose pathogen. All accessions were susceptible to infection, with Fairhope and Small Leaf having the largest lesion sizes. In field observations, Fairhope, Big Leaf, and Small Leaf consistently had lower disease severity than Georgian over two growing seasons. This work documents the impact of anthracnose on U.S. tea varieties and may help shape future directions of tea research, breeding, and recommendations for growers in establishing a novel industry.

scholarly journals Something Old and Something New: Future Directions in Vocational Research With People of Color in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Y. Flores ◽  
Leticia D. Martinez ◽  
Gloria G. McGillen ◽  
Johanna Milord
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Career Interventions ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Vocational psychology scholarship has largely overlooked the work experiences of people of color. In this article, we present evidence that vocational research that addresses the work issues of people of color has been neglected in the key outlets for vocational research among vocational psychologists. We outline seven directions for research inquiry with people of color, namely using culturally sensitive research methods, increasing research on the effectiveness of career interventions, integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, merging psychological and educational science with vocational development, using intersectional approaches, examining collective mobility strategies and structural reforms, and assessing the impact of environmental disasters on long-term educational and work outcomes.

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 on Colorectal Cancer Screening: Current Insights and Future Directions

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kopel ◽  
Bojana Ristic ◽  
Gregory L. Brower ◽  
Hemant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought significant challenges to many aspects of healthcare delivery since the first reported case in early December 2019. Once in the body, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to other digestive organs, such as the liver, because of the presence of ACE2 receptors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second-leading cause of death in the United States (US). Therefore, individuals are routinely screened using either endoscopic methods (i.e., flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy) or stool-based tests, as per the published guidelines. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recommended that all non-urgent surgical and medical procedures, including screening colonoscopies, be delayed until the pandemic stabilization. This article aims to review the impact of COVID-19 on CRC screening.

scholarly journals Economic Studies Reinforce Efforts to Safeguard Specialty Crops in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
M. Fuchs ◽  
C. V. Almeyda ◽  
M. Al Rwahnih ◽  
S. S. Atallah ◽  
E. J. Cieniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Extension Educators ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Economic Studies

Pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks are the cornerstone of sustainable specialty crop production. They provide the propagative units that are used to produce clean planting materials, which are essential as the first-line management option of diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens such as viruses, viroids, bacteria, and phytoplasmas. In the United States, efforts to produce, maintain, and distribute pathogen-tested propagative material of specialty crops are spearheaded by centers of the National Clean Plant Network (NCPN). Agricultural economists collaborated with plant pathologists, extension educators, specialty crop growers, and regulators to investigate the impacts of select diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens and to estimate the return on investments in NCPN centers. Economic studies have proven valuable to the NCPN in (i) incentivizing the use of clean planting material derived from pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks; (ii) documenting benefits of clean plant centers, which can outweigh operating costs by 10:1 to 150:1; (iii) aiding the development of disease management solutions that are not only ecologically driven but also profit maximizing; and (iv) disseminating integrated disease management recommendations that resonate with growers. Together, economic studies have reinforced efforts to safeguard specialty crops in the United States through the production and use of clean planting material.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment During COVID-19: Key Conclusions and Future Directions Based on a Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110438
Author(s):  
Amitai Marmor ◽  
Noa Cohen ◽  
Carmit Katz
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a far-ranging impact. As societies struggled to minimize infection, questions arose regarding the consequences for children. Initial research reported the urgent need for child protective services worldwide to adapt existing policies and practices to protect children from maltreatment during this time, which is the rationale for the current systematic literature review. This review examined studies published in peer-reviewed journals from March 2020 to October 2020 on child maltreatment (CM) in the context of COVID-19. Twenty-five manuscripts met the inclusion criteria and were predominantly from the United States, with three international studies. The majority of the studies included CM reports during COVID-19 based on official data. The results clearly demonstrated an increased risk for children alongside a worrisome international decrease in CM reports. Only two studies addressed interventions during the pandemic. The current review highlights that, along with the obligation of scholars to advance the protection of children during COVID-19, there is much that is unknown. Future studies should examine the impact of the pandemic on children and their surrounding systems as well as child protective services’ responses, which face enormous challenges during a pandemic. An additional conclusion is that, since children were not identified as a health risk group during the pandemic, their protection rights may have been jeopardized. Furthermore, the variance identified in the policies of different countries pinpoints the urgent need to establish an international protocol for protecting children from maltreatment during COVID-19, a protocol that will hopefully be a basis for policymakers worldwide.

scholarly journals Impact of Timing and Method of Virus Inoculation on the Severity of Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Wosula ◽  
A. J. McMechan ◽  
E. Knoell ◽  
S. Tatineni ◽  
S. N. Wegulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Impact

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), transmitted by the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella, frequently causes significant yield loss in winter wheat throughout the Great Plains of the United States. A field study was conducted in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 growing seasons to compare the impact of timing of WSMV inoculation (early fall, late fall, or early spring) and method of inoculation (mite or mechanical) on susceptibility of winter wheat cultivars Mace (resistant) and Overland (susceptible). Relative chlorophyll content, WSMV incidence, and yield components were determined. The greatest WSMV infection occurred for Overland, with the early fall inoculations resulting in the highest WSMV infection rate (up to 97%) and the greatest yield reductions relative to the control (up to 94%). In contrast, inoculation of Mace resulted in low WSMV incidence (1 to 28.3%). The findings from this study indicate that both method of inoculation and wheat cultivar influenced severity of wheat streak mosaic; however, timing of inoculation also had a dramatic influence on disease. In addition, mite inoculation provided much more consistent infection rates and is considered a more realistic method of inoculation to measure disease impact on wheat cultivars.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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