scholarly journals Epidemiology of Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Poudel ◽  
Thien Ho ◽  
Alma Laney ◽  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Blackberry Yellow Vein Disease ◽  
Rose Rosette ◽  
Infected Material ◽  
Vein Disease

The pollen- and seed-borne ilarviruses pose a substantial threat to many specialty crops, including berries, rose, and tree fruit, because there are no efficient control measures other than avoidance. The case of Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV) is of particular interest because the virus has been found to be an integral part of blackberry yellow vein disease and is widespread in rose plants affected by rose rosette disease. This study provides insight into the epidemiology of BCRV, including incidence in blackberry and rose; host range, with the addition of apple as a host of the virus; and seed transmission that exceeded 50% in rose. Sensitive detection protocols that can be used to avoid dissemination of infected material through nurseries and breeding programs were also developed.

scholarly journals A Review of Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) Diseases—An Updated Perspective

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Carla Colque-Little ◽  
Daniel Buchvaldt Amby ◽  
Christian Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ascochyta Caulina ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Reduced Water

The journey of the Andean crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to unfamiliar environments and the combination of higher temperatures, sudden changes in weather, intense precipitation, and reduced water in the soil has increased the risk of observing new and emerging diseases associated with this crop. Several diseases of quinoa have been reported in the last decade. These include Ascochyta caulina, Cercospora cf. chenopodii, Colletotrichum nigrum, C. truncatum, and Pseudomonas syringae. The taxonomy of other diseases remains unclear or is characterized primarily at the genus level. Symptoms, microscopy, and pathogenicity, supported by molecular tools, constitute accurate plant disease diagnostics in the 21st century. Scientists and farmers will benefit from an update on the phytopathological research regarding a crop that has been neglected for many years. This review aims to compile the existing information and make accurate associations between specific symptoms and causal agents of disease. In addition, we place an emphasis on downy mildew and its phenotyping, as it continues to be the most economically important and studied disease affecting quinoa worldwide. The information herein will allow for the appropriate execution of breeding programs and control measures.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Blackberry yellow vein associated virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Poudel ◽  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Arturo A. Cortez ◽  
Thien Ho ◽  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Blackberry Yellow Vein Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Trialeurodes Abutilonea ◽  
Vein Disease

Blackberry yellow vein disease is one of the most important diseases of blackberry in the United States. Several viruses are found associated with the symptomology but Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) appears to be the most prevalent of all, leading to the need for a better understanding of its epidemiology. Efficient detection protocols were developed using end-point and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A multi-state survey was performed on wild and cultivated blackberry to assess the geographical distribution of the virus. Two whitefly species, Trialeurodes abutilonea and T. vaporariorum, were identified as vectors and 25 plant species were tested as potential BYVaV hosts. The information obtained in this study can be used at multiple levels to better understand and control blackberry yellow vein disease.

Grapevine yellow speckle — a newly recognized graft-transmissible disease of Vitis

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Taylor ◽  
RC Woodham
Keyword(s):  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heat Therapy ◽  
Transmissible Disease ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Evidence is presented to show that many grapevines showing leaf symptoms which, particularly when intense, cannot be distinguished from those caused by strains of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFV) or tomato ringspot virus (TRSV) are infected with a previously undescribed disease for which the name grapevine yellow speckle (GYS) is proposed. The causal agent of the disease has not been isolated, but it is graft-transmissible from infected to healthy grapevines. It has not been transmitted by sap inoculation to herbaceous plants. The disease has been detected in some grapevine cultivars grown in Australia for many years, and also in several other cultivars and rootstocks imported from California over the past 10 years. There is no evidence of natural spread or of seed transmission. Attempts to eliminate GYS from plants by heat therapy and propagation of tip cuttings have been unsuccessful. Mataro and LN33, the best indicators for GYS at present, are not entirely satisfactory and there is a need to find an indicator which will detect GYS in a wide range of environments. The disease has not been previously detected, probably because of its similarity to GFV and TRSV and its peculiarity in expressing symptoms only in some environments.

Studies of the seed-transmission of tobacco ringspot virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. OWUSU ◽  
N. C. CROWLEY ◽  
R. I. B. FRANCKI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Tobacco Ringspot Virus

Identification of molecular markers associated with mite resistance in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Shalini ◽  
S. Manjunatha ◽  
P. Lebrun ◽  
A. Berger ◽  
L. Baudouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs

Coconut mite ( Aceria guerreronis ‘Keifer’) has become a major threat to Indian coconut ( Coçcos nucifera L.) cultivators and the processing industry. Chemical and biological control measures have proved to be costly, ineffective, and ecologically undesirable. Planting mite-resistant coconut cultivars is the most effective method of preventing yield loss and should form a major component of any integrated pest management stratagem. Coconut genotypes, and mite-resistant and -susceptible accessions were collected from different parts of South India. Thirty-two simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 7 RAPD primers were used for molecular analyses. In single-marker analysis, 9 SSR and 4 RAPD markers associated with mite resistance were identified. In stepwise multiple regression analysis of SSRs, a combination of 6 markers showed 100% association with mite infestation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for RAPD data revealed that a combination of 3 markers accounted for 83.86% of mite resistance in the selected materials. Combined stepwise multiple regression analysis of RAPD and SSR data showed that a combination of 5 markers explained 100% of the association with mite resistance in coconut. Markers associated with mite resistance are important in coconut breeding programs and will facilitate the selection of mite-resistant plants at an early stage as well as mother plants for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Pierce's Disease Using Biomarkers Specific to Xylella fastidiosa rRNA and Vitis vinifera Gene Expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-K. Choi ◽  
F. Goes da Silva ◽  
H.-J. Lim ◽  
A. Iandolino ◽  
Y.-S. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Pierce's disease (PD), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, represents one of the most damaging diseases of cultivated grape. Management of PD in the vineyard often relies on the removal of infected individuals, which otherwise serve as a source of inoculum for nearby healthy vines. Effective implementation of such control measures requires early diagnosis, which is complicated by the fact that infected vines often harbor high titers of the pathogen in advance of visual symptom development. Here, we report a biomarker system that simultaneously monitors Xylella-induced plant transcripts as well as Xylella ribosomal (r)RNA. Plant biomarker genes were derived from a combination of in silico analysis of grape expressed sequence tags and validation by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four genes upregulated upon PD infection were individually multiplexed with an X. fastidiosa marker rRNA and scored using either real-time RT-PCR or gel-based conventional RT-PCR techniques. The system was sufficiently sensitive to detect both host gene transcript and pathogen rRNA in asymptomatic infected plants. Moreover, these plant biomarker genes were not induced by water deficit, which is a component of PD development. Such biomarker genes could have utility for disease control by aiding early detection and as a screening tool in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Hibiscus Latent Ringspot Virus (HLRSV)

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rubies-Autonell ◽  
M. Turina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Commercial seed lots of various cultivars of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) were shown to transmit hibiscus latent ringspot virus (HLRSV) to progeny seedlings in different percentages up to a maximum of 26%. In these greenhouse tests, no symptoms were observed in the infected seedlings. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of dissected kenaf seeds suggested that seed infection occurs through the embryo. HLRSV was also shown to be seed transmitted in Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa, in 11% and in less than 1%, respectively, of the seed collected from mechanically inoculated plants. However, transmission of HLRSV through seed was not detected in Abutilon theophrasti. C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor plants infected through seed transmission were invariably symptomless as opposed to mechanically inoculated plants that exhibited systemic symptoms of yellow flecking.

scholarly journals Natural co-infection of Solanum tuberosum crops by the Potato yellow vein virus and potyvirus in Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Villamil-Garzón ◽  
Wilmer J. Cuellar ◽  
Mónica Guzmán-Barney
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Vein Disease ◽  
Potato Yellow Vein Virus

The Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV), a Crinivirus with an RNA tripartite genome, is the causal agent of the potato yellow vein disease, reported in Colombian since 1950, with yield reductions of up to 50%. Co-infection of two or more viruses is common in nature and can be associated with differences in virus accumulation and symptom expression. No evidence of mixed infection between PYVV and other viruses has been reported. In this study, eight plants showing yellowing PYVV symptoms: four Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja (P) and four Group Andigena (A), were collected in Cundinamarca, Colombia to detect mixed infection in the isolates using next generation sequencing (NGS). The Potato virus Y (PVY) complete genome (similar to N strain) and the Potato virus V (PVV) partial genomes were detected using NGS and re-confirmed by RT-PCR. Preliminary field screening in a large sample showed that PYVV and PVY co-infect potato plants with a prevalence of 21% within the P group and 23% within the A group. This is the first report of co-infection of PYVV and potyvirus in Colombia and with the use of NGS. Considering that potyviruses enhance symptom severity and/or yield reductions in mixed infections, our results may be relevant for disease diagnosis, breeding programs and tuber certification.

scholarly journals Molecular Marker Use in Tree Fruit and Woody Ornamental Plant Breeding

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 985C-985
Author(s):  
David Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Woody Ornamental Plant ◽  
Molecular Maps ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ornamental Plant Breeding

Fruit and ornamental breeders were surveyed about their use of molecular markers in either their breeding programs or in their related research programs. Responses were obtained from over 100 fruit and ornamental breeding programs from throughout the world. Of these, less than 50% used molecular markers in their programs. The two most common uses of these markers were for studies in plant identification and diversity. These were followed by the use of markers in developing molecular maps, in discovering molecular tags and/or trying to identify the genes for specific plant traits, for marker assisted selection, and finally, for the elucidation of plant taxonomy. In conclusion, although there is much research in this area, few programs are actually using markers in the context of an applied breeding program. The major reason for this situation is the lack of available markers and the cost of using these markers to screen large numbers of progeny. Those that use markers in their breeding tend to use them to verify the genotype of the parents or confirm the genotype of selected seedlings rather than screen unselected seedlings.

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