scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Cucurbitaceous Vegetables for Resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Svoboda ◽  
L. Leisova-Svobodova ◽  
M. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relative Virus

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) causes considerable losses of cucurbitaceous vegetables grown nearly all over the world; indeed, the commonly planted cultivars are highly susceptible to ZYMV. In all, 3 cultivars of American and 8 of European summer squash (Cucurbita pepo), and 6 Japanese and 21 European cucumber lines (Cucumis sativus), including both slicing and pickling species, were selected for the evaluation of their resistance to the most virulent Czech strain, ZYMV-H (GenBank accession number DQ144054). Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) ‘Menina 15’, Chinese slicing cucumber ‘Taichung Mou Gua-1’ (TMG-1), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) accession PI 595203 were included in the experiment, because they were reported to be resistant to ZYMV. The tested plants were mechanically inoculated by ZYMV-H and their resistance was assessed through a comparison of the relative virus protein concentrations and visual symptoms. Butternut squash Menina 15, Chinese slicing cucumber TMG-1, Japanese slicing cucumber breeds ‘G22' and ‘A192-18’, and watermelon PI 595203 were evaluated as immune: the virus concentration in their leaves was zero, as verified by polymerase chain reaction. American summer squash ‘Cougar’ and Japanese slicing cucumber breeds ‘A202-18’, ‘R10’, and ‘S93-18’ were clearly resistant, because the virus multiplied at a low rate in these plants. The remaining tested cultivars were tolerant or susceptible to ZYMV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Virus Resistant Squash and Interaction with Reflective and Nonreflective Mulches

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
James E. Brown ◽  
Cynthia Channel-Butcher ◽  
Virginia K. Perdue
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Second Year

A 3-year study to evaluate mulch type (reflective and black) and new virus resistant summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) varieties was undertaken. In the first year of the study (1996), in Shorter, Ala., under slight virus pressure, silver painted mulch suppressed virus symptoms through the final evaluation 2 months after planting. In addition, virus symptoms were significantly more prevalent on `Dixie' compared to `Supersett', `Tigress', `HMX 5727', `Jaguar', `Destiny III', and `Prelude II'. In the second year (1997), two different experiments were conducted in Savannah, Ga., where there was no virus pressure. In the first experiment at the Savannah location, `Tigress' and `HMX 6704' had significantly higher yields than `Destiny III', `Prelude II', `Puma', `Jaguar', `Meigs', `Dixie', and `Supersett'. In the second Savannah experiment, `Prelude II' and `Destiny III' had significantly higher yields than `Zucchini Elite', `Supersett', `HMX 6704', and `Jaguar'. In 1998 at Shorter, there was no difference in virus incidence based on mulch used. Although there were differences in virus incidence among varieties, the lowest incidence was 70% of plants infected for `Prelude II'. In addition to field evaluations, these varieties were evaluated for resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus under greenhouse conditions. Varieties HMX 7710, HMX 6704, Puma, Tigress, Prelude II, Jaguar, and Destiny III were significantly more resistant compared to varieties Zucchini Elite, Meigs, Supersett, and Dixie. In conclusion, reflective mulch was effective only under slight virus pressure.

scholarly journals First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Verma ◽  
Satya Prakash ◽  
S. P. S. Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
First Report

In August of 2002, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Himangi) plants grown in commercial fields in Pune, western Maharashtra, India, exhibited chlorotic spots, veinal chlorosis, mosaic, blister formation and shoestring symptoms on leaves, stunted growth, and distortion of fruits. Incidence of virus infection in the fields varied from 25 to 38%. Crude sap extracted from infected cucumber leaf samples was inoculated mechanically onto cucumber and indicator host plants. The inoculated glasshouse-grown cucumber plants showed virus symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The virus produced chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and chlorotic spots followed by veinal chlorosis, mosaic, vein banding, and leaf distortion on Citrullus lanatus, C. melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, and Trichosanthes anguina. The virus did not infect Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. White Burley (1,2). Cucumber and indicator plants were tested using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A positive reaction was obtained with monoclonal antiserum to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) but not with antisera to Papaya ringspot virus-P, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). The disease was observed again in the field during July to September 2003. Natural infection of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) by ZYMV has been reported previously from India (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in cucumber in India. References: (1) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 87:1399, 2003. (2) R. Provvidenti et al. Plant Dis. 68:443, 1984. (3) S. J. Singh et al. Indian Phytopathol. 56:174, 2003.

scholarly journals First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucumber in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pospieszny ◽  
M. Cajza ◽  
R. Plewa
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Cycle Sequencing ◽  
First Report

In June 2002, mosaic and interveinal chlorosis were observed on two cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) grown in one commercial greenhouse in the western region of Poland. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparations from infected plants showed flexuous filamentous virus particles typical of potyviruses (720 to 750 nm long). Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Citrullus lanatus, C. melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita pepo cv. Giromontiina, Cucurbita pepo cv. Patissoniana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. tabacum were mechanically inoculated with sap from symptomatic cucumber leaves. The virus caused local chlorotic lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa and systemic infection in all tested cucurbits but it did not infect tobacco plants. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the 3′ end of the genomic RNA was done by using P9502 as a downstream primer and degenerate CPUP as an upstream primer to amplify a highly conserved region of the potyviral coat protein (1). The PCR products were directly sequenced with the CEQ DTCS dye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA), and the analysis of dideoxy terminated fragments was conducted by capillary electrophoresis using a CEQ 2000 DNA Analysis System (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The obtained 684 nt sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY347476) was almost identical with sequences of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) isolates from Austria (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ420012-AJ420019 and AJ420027) and Hungary (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ459954 and AJ459955). The above suggested that the Polish isolate of ZYMV belonged to the Central European branch of the phylogenetic tree (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in Poland. References: (1) R. A. A. van der Vlugt et al. Phytopathology 89:148, 1999. (2) I. Tobias and L. Palkovics. Pest Manage. Sci. 59:493, 2003.

scholarly journals Partial Characterization of a Distinct Potyvirus Isolated from Watermelon in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Purcifull ◽  
E. Hiebert ◽  
M. A. Petersen ◽  
G. W. Simone ◽  
T. A. Kucharek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nuclear Inclusions ◽  
Field Samples

Conspicuous, unusual nuclear inclusions in stained epidermal strips of leaves implicated a virus (designated isolate 2932) as the cause of foliar mosaic in a watermelon plant (Citrullus lanatus) received for analysis from South Florida in 1990. In greenhouse tests, mechanically inoculated plants of Cucurbita pepo (Small Sugar pumpkin and Early Prolific Straightneck squash) and watermelon (Crimson Sweet) developed mosaic or mottle symptoms. Isolate 2932 caused foliar symptoms in 16 cultivars of Cucurbita pepo, including Freedom II and Prelude II, and in six cultivars of watermelon. None of five cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo) or 11 cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) developed consistent, distinctive symptoms, but all of these cultivars were systemically infected based on back-inoculations to squash. No systemic infection of mechanically inoculated plants of 25 species representing 13 noncucurbitaceous plant families was detected. Crystalline nuclear inclusions, cytoplasmic amorphous inclusions, and cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions were detected by light and electron microscopy in leaf tissues of infected squash and watermelon. Electron microscopy of squash leaf extracts revealed filamentous particles, and 86% of 159 particles measured ranged from 800 to 890 nm in length. The virus was transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by Myzus persicae from squash to squash in two of three trials. Immunodiffusion tests with polyclonal antisera prepared to partially purified 2932 or its capsid protein showed that the isolate was antigenically different from papaya ringspot virus type W, watermelon mosaic virus 2, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus. In limited testing of field samples of squash and watermelon since 1990, no additional isolates of the 2932 type have been found. The characteristics of isolate 2932 obtained thus far indicate that it is a distinct potyvirus. It is tentatively named watermelon leaf mottle virus to distinguish it from other potyviruses commonly isolated from cucurbits in Florida.

scholarly journals Efeitos da interação de potyvirus em híbridos de meloeiro, variedades de melancia e abobrinha

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najara F. Ramos ◽  
J. Albérsio A. Lima ◽  
M. Fátima B. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

Em razão da freqüente ocorrência de infecção mista, na natureza, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito da interação de diferentes espécies de potyvírus em meloeiro (Cucumis melo), melancia (Citrullus lanatus) e abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo). Foram usados os seguintes vírus da família Potyviridae, gênero Potyvirus: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV); Watermelon mosaic virus, (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, (ZYMV). Os efeitos na sintomatologia das infecções duplas e simples de PRSV, WMV e ZYMV foram avaliados em três híbridos de meloeiro, duas variedades de melancia e abobrinha 'Caserta', em experimentos de casa de vegetação. Os três vírus, isoladamente ou em todas as duplas combinações possíveis, foram inoculados, em plantas dos híbridos de meloeiro Hy Mark, Gold Mine e Orange Flesh, variedades de melancia Crimson Sweet e Charleston Gray e abobrinha 'Caserta', usando-se dez plantas de cada híbrido ou variedade, por combinação de vírus. As inoculações foram efetuadas por meio de extratos de folhas com infecção simples dos respectivos vírus. As plantas inoculadas com cada vírus isoladamente e suas respectivas combinações foram observadas quanto ao aparecimento de sintomas durante 30 dias após as inoculações. Amostras foliares das plantas inoculadas foram, também, testadas por ELISA indireto contra os anti-soros correspondentes para cada vírus. As infecções duplas em meloeiro, melancia e abobrinha revelaram, através da avaliação sintomatológica, que existem interações sinérgicas entre PRSV, WMV e ZYMV. As infecções duplas envolvendo o ZYMV apresentaram alta severidade, exibindo sintomas não encontrados em infecções simples, apesar da severidade nas infecções isoladas do ZYMV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotoxicity of the aqueous extracts from wild Artemisia herba-alba and Jasmina montana against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in Cucurbita pepo plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Heba A. Mahfouze ◽  
Sherin A. Mahfouze ◽  
Mahmoud E. S. Ottai
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Sds Page

Squash or cucurbit (Cucurbita pepo) is one of the famous and important vegetable plants in most world countries. The squash is infected by the critical Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in Egypt. Though pesticides can protect the plants of pest infections, there are no effective compounds that can be applied as virucides. In this work, the effects of aqueous extracts from Jasmina montana and Artemisia herba-alba on ZYMV infection in the squash plants were examined. In addition, SDS-PAGE protein patterns and enzyme activities were evaluated and induction of resistance by plant elicitors against ZYMV was studied The results observed that using of the aqueous extracts from A. herba-alba or J. montana extracts prior to ZYMV inoculation recorded 100% inhibition of virus infection. Also, complete inhibition was obtained by treatment of A. herba-alba extract with the virus inoculum led to destroy the virus particles due to presence of the effective compounds (terpens, phenolics and the essential oils) in the plant extract. SDS-PAGE protein profiles and enzyme activities were studied in treated and untreated plants. Genomic DNA variation was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci. The alterations in RAPD and ISSR assays of representative squash plants can be applied to comprehend of induced systemic resistance. These inducers stimulated resistance in the squash plants. Therefore, elicitors should be taken into consideration in the breeding programs for ZYMV control.

scholarly journals Field Performance Comparison of Two Transgenic Summer Squash Hybrids to Their Parental Hybrid Line

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Arce-Ochoa ◽  
Frank Dainello ◽  
Leonard M. Pike ◽  
David Drews
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Transgenic Squash ◽  
Marketable Fruit

`Pavo', a commercially grown, virus-susceptible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) hybrid, and two experimental virus-resistant transgenic squash hybrids, XPH-1719 and XPH-1739, were tested for field performance. The two transgenic squash hybrids possess the desired fruit and plant characteristics of their parental line, `Pavo', plus resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus 2 (XPH-1719), and resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus 2, and cucumber mosaic virus (XPH-1739). Percent emergence and days to flowering were similar among the three hybrids. XPH-1719 and XPH-1739 were equally effective in producing a high percentage of quality marketable fruit and yields with 90% and 13,800 kg·ha–1 and 87% and 16,500 kg·ha–1, respectively. XPH-1719 and XPH-1739 demonstrated their outstanding virus resistance over `Pavo' by producing only 3% and 14% symptomatic plants, respectively, compared to 53% for `Pavo'. They also produced the lowest percentage of infected fruit, 0% and 7%, respectively, with `Pavo' at 26%.

scholarly journals Yield and Virus Resistance of Summer Squash Cultivars and Breeding Lines in North Carolina

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Summer Squash

Yellow and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultigens (breeding lines and cultivars) were evaluated over a 2-year (1995 and 1996) period in North Carolina. Yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) were `Destiny III', `Freedom III', `Multipik', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and HMX 4716, `Superpik', PSX 391, `Monet', `Dixie', XPH 1780, and `Picasso' in Spring 1996. Some of the yellow squash cultigens evaluated had superior viral resistance: XPHT 1815, XPHT 1817, `Freedom III', `Destiny III', `Freedom II', TW 941121, `Prelude II', and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1815, `Liberator III', `Prelude II', and `Destiny III' in Fall 1996; all these cultigens were transgenic. The yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) in the Fall 1995 test had transgenic virus resistance (`Destiny III', `Freedom III', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III') or had the Py gene present in its genetic background (`Multipik'). Based on total marketable yields, the best zucchini cultigens were XPHT 1800, `Tigress', XPHT 1814, `Dividend' (ZS 19), `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Fall 1995; and `Leonardo', `Tigress', `Hurricane', `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Spring 1996. The zucchini cultigens with virus resistance were TW 940966, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1800 in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1800, XPHT 1776, XPHT 1777, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1784 in Fall 1996. Even though TW 940966 had a high level of resistance in the Fall 1995 test, it was not as high yielding as some of the more susceptible lines. Viruses detected in the field were papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) for Fall 1995; while PRSV, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and WMV were detected for Fall 1996. Summer squash cultigens transgenic for WMV and ZYMV have potential to improve yield, especially during the fall when viruses are more prevalent. Most transgenic cultigens do not possess resistance to PRSV, except XPHT 1815 and XPHT 1817. Papaya ringspot virus was present in the squash tests during the fall of both years. Thus, PRSV resistance must be transferred to the transgenic cultigens before summer squash can be grown during the fall season without the risk of yield loss due to viruses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ‘AU-Performance’ Watermelon for Its Response to Virus Inoculation

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Murphy ◽  
Fenny Dane
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) ‘AU-Performance’ was developed for resistance to multiple fungal pathogens and the plant virus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). A greenhouse-based evaluation was carried out to determine the response of ‘AU-Performance’ to inoculation with three important cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) viruses in the genus Potyvirus: papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and ZYMV. The evaluation included the resistant parent (PI595203), the susceptible parent (‘AU-Producer’), and varieties AU-Allsweet and Charleston Gray. Each of the three viruses systemically infected ‘AU-Performance’ with 100% infection and development of characteristic systemic symptoms. The susceptible parent (‘AU-Producer’), ‘AU-Allsweet’, and ‘Charleston Gray’ responded similarly with 100% infection and systemic symptoms. In contrast, the resistant parent (PI595203) was resistant to WMV and ZYMV; however, PRSV-inoculated plants developed a systemic infection with accompanied symptoms and high levels of PRSV accumulation in noninoculated leaves. PI595203 was shown in previous studies to be resistant to PRSV. We show in this report that under greenhouse conditions and application of virus by mechanical inoculation, ‘AU-Performance’ was not resistant to infection by the three potyviruses.

scholarly journals A Polish Isolate of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus from Zucchini is Distinct from Other European Isolates

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pospieszny ◽  
B. Hasiów ◽  
N. Borodynko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
Conserved Sequence

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is a member of the Potyvirus genus in the Potyviridae family, the largest group of plant viruses. Different isolates of this virus have been found in infected cucurbits throughout the world, including localities in Europe, America, Australia, and Asia. In August 2005, mosaic and yellowing of leaves, as well as yellow spots on green fruits, were observed on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv. giromontiina) growing in commercial fields in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region of Poland. Flexuous virus particles (~750 nm long), typical of potyviruses, were observed in leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic zucchini plants. The virus in the sap from symptomatic plants was mechanically transmitted and systemic infections were produced on Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, C. pepo cvs. giromontiina and patissoniana, C. maxima, and Nicotiana benthamiana. Severe symptoms such as severe malformation of leaves and stunting of plants were observed on zucchini plants (cv. giromontiina) infected mechanically with the virus and grown in the greenhouse. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using an anti-ZYMV polyclonal antiserum (AS-0234; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) identified the presence of ZYMV in mechanically infected C. pepo cv. giromontiina and N. benthamiana plants. Subsequently, a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a universal primer, Sprimer, designed from the consensus sequences that code for the conserved sequence GNNSGQP in the NIb region of Potyviridae family members and the M4 primer was performed (1). The 1740-bp PCR fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and three randomly selected clones were sequenced on an ABI automatic sequencer. An 837-bp sequence representing the full length coat protein gene (GenBank Accession No. EF178505) was compared with homologous sequences from other ZYMV isolates using BioEdit and Mega 3.1 softwares. Genetic distances were calculated by Kimura's two-parameter method (2). Surprisingly, the Polish ZYMV isolate (ZYMV-Zug) was more closely related to ZYMV isolates from Asia than those from Europe. Pairwise comparisons of ZYMV-Zug with several other European ZYMV isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ645729, AJ420020, AJ459956, AJ420014, AJ420019, DQ124239, and AJ420018) indicated an 81 to 82% nucleotide and 91 to 92% amino acid identity, while there was a 94% nucleotide and 99% amino acid identity with the Shanxi (GenBank Accession No. AY074808) and Shandong isolates (GenBank Accession No. AF513552) from China. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) S. Kumar et al. Brie. Bioinform. 5:150, 2004.

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