Evaluation of ‘AU-Performance’ Watermelon for Its Response to Virus Inoculation

The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) ‘AU-Performance’ was developed for resistance to multiple fungal pathogens and the plant virus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). A greenhouse-based evaluation was carried out to determine the response of ‘AU-Performance’ to inoculation with three important cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) viruses in the genus Potyvirus: papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and ZYMV. The evaluation included the resistant parent (PI595203), the susceptible parent (‘AU-Producer’), and varieties AU-Allsweet and Charleston Gray. Each of the three viruses systemically infected ‘AU-Performance’ with 100% infection and development of characteristic systemic symptoms. The susceptible parent (‘AU-Producer’), ‘AU-Allsweet’, and ‘Charleston Gray’ responded similarly with 100% infection and systemic symptoms. In contrast, the resistant parent (PI595203) was resistant to WMV and ZYMV; however, PRSV-inoculated plants developed a systemic infection with accompanied symptoms and high levels of PRSV accumulation in noninoculated leaves. PI595203 was shown in previous studies to be resistant to PRSV. We show in this report that under greenhouse conditions and application of virus by mechanical inoculation, ‘AU-Performance’ was not resistant to infection by the three potyviruses.

Download Full-text

CHARACTERIZATION OF CUCURBIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND DISEASE PREVALENCE IN MUNICIPALITIES IN PERNAMBUCO

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n330rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 774-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GERFFESON THIAGO MOTA DE ALMEIDA SILVA ◽

RAYANNE MARIA PAULA RIBEIRO ◽

AURÉLIO PAES BARROS JÚNIOR ◽

LINDOMAR MARIA DA SILVEIRA ◽

PEDRO MARTINS RIBEIRO JÚNIOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Production Systems ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Technical Information ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Didymella Bryoniae

ABSTRACT Cucurbits have great economic, nutritional and social importance in the Brazilian semiarid region. In this region, many factors can result in reduced productivity of these crops, especially fungal and viral diseases. Therefore, knowledge of cucurbits is crucial for proper disease management. The objective of this work was to identify the major diseases of cucurbits grown in some municipalities in the Hinterland of the state of Pernambuco. Thus, plant samples were collected with symptoms in crops in the municipalities of Salgueiro, Serra Talhada, Floresta, Petrolândia, Ibimirim, Custódia and Inajá. A questionnaire was also applied to gather information about the production profile of producers. Seven fungal pathogens infecting cucurbits were identified: Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Colletotrichum sp., Podosphaera xanthii, Rhizoctonia solani, Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium sp. e Alternaria sp., and three viruses as well: Papaya ringspot virus - watermelon strain (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). It was found that in small crops, there is limited search for technical information om cropping, and these crops originate mostly from native seeds, in contrast to medium and large producers, who use improved cultivars. The melon and watermelon crops are the most commercially exploited, while pumpkins are used in subsistence agriculture. As for plant health problems, most respondents reported knowing the main diseases that occur in crops and perform disease control based on personal experience and / or through the help of the technical assistance provided by agricultural stores. In a few cases, in large farms, there was an agronomist to assist in this type of control.

Download Full-text

Creation of trivalent transgenic watermelon resistant to virus infection

Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

10.1079/cjb200568 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Niu Sheng-Niao ◽

Huang Xue-Sen ◽

Wong Sek-Man ◽

Yu Jia-Lin ◽

Zhao Fu-Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Field Trials ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

High Level ◽

Transgenic Watermelon

AbstractA trivalent vector containing genes of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) coat protein (CP), and replicase genes of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), was constructed for transformation of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The integrated foreign genes were identified in the regenerated progenies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blots. The transformation efficiency was about 1.7‰. Resistance to virus infection was determined by mechanical inoculation in the greenhouse and by field trials. The transgenic watermelon lines showed different phenotypes of susceptible, resistant, immune or recovery from virus infections in the late growth stage. A relatively high level of resistance was shown by T3 plants of the line BH1-7. This result indicates the possibility of creating, by transgenic protocols, new varieties of watermelon resistant to viral infection.

Download Full-text

Some characteristics of Australian isolates of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9881085 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RS Greber ◽

DM Persley ◽

ME Herrington

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Seed Transmission ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Triton X

Isolates of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were obtained from six cucurbit species from four states of Australia and identified by host range, electron microscopy and serology. A survey of coastal Queensland in 1986-87 showed no ZYMV north of Townsville nor around Rockhampton, but major centres of ZYMV incidence with specific pathotypes, around Ayr, Bowen and in south-east Queensland. Pathotypes were distinguished using Cucumis melo differentials, Trichosanthes anguina and Phaseolus vulgaris. Three ZYMV isolates were compared with watermelon mosaic virus 2 and papaya ringspot virus, cucurbit strain, on 20 hosts from 5 families. The effect of ZYMV on 19 cvv. of pumpkin, squash, zucchini, cucumber, rockmelon and watermelon was examined in the field where marketable fruit production was most affected in Cucurbita maxima and C. pepo, moderately in C. melo and Citrullus lanatus and least in C. moschata and C. sativus. One instance of ZYMV seed transmission in C. pepo and transmission by Aphisgossypii was demonstrated. Resistance breeding progress with C. maxima using a C. ecuadorensis source and in C. lanatus using Citrullus sp. cv. Egusi is reported. Virus purification was achieved using carbon tetrachloride and Triton X-100 clarification with sucrose pad and gradient centrifugations. An antiserum was produced and reacted well in agarose gel-diffusion tests without prior virus particle disruption.

Download Full-text

First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.8.906b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

pp. 906-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raj Verma ◽

Satya Prakash ◽

S. P. S. Tomer

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

First Report

In August of 2002, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Himangi) plants grown in commercial fields in Pune, western Maharashtra, India, exhibited chlorotic spots, veinal chlorosis, mosaic, blister formation and shoestring symptoms on leaves, stunted growth, and distortion of fruits. Incidence of virus infection in the fields varied from 25 to 38%. Crude sap extracted from infected cucumber leaf samples was inoculated mechanically onto cucumber and indicator host plants. The inoculated glasshouse-grown cucumber plants showed virus symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The virus produced chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and chlorotic spots followed by veinal chlorosis, mosaic, vein banding, and leaf distortion on Citrullus lanatus, C. melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, and Trichosanthes anguina. The virus did not infect Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. White Burley (1,2). Cucumber and indicator plants were tested using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A positive reaction was obtained with monoclonal antiserum to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) but not with antisera to Papaya ringspot virus-P, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). The disease was observed again in the field during July to September 2003. Natural infection of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) by ZYMV has been reported previously from India (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in cucumber in India. References: (1) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 87:1399, 2003. (2) R. Provvidenti et al. Plant Dis. 68:443, 1984. (3) S. J. Singh et al. Indian Phytopathol. 56:174, 2003.

Download Full-text

Identificação sorológica de espécies de vírus que infetam cucurbitáceas em áreas produtoras do Maranhão

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582001000100016 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 90-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MARIA C. C. L. MOURA ◽

J. ALBERSIO A. LIMA ◽

VANÚZIA B. OLIVEIRA ◽

M. FÁTIMA B. GONÇALVES

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Cucurbita Moschata

Os vírus representam sérios obstáculos para o sucesso da olericultura no mundo inteiro, constituindo a identificação daqueles de maior incidência numa região, papel fundamental para o estabelecimento de estratégias de controle. Visitas de campo foram realizadas a plantios de espécies de cucurbitáceas em áreas produtoras do Maranhão e amostras foliares foram coletadas de 118 plantas com sintomas ou suspeita de sintomas de vírus, sendo 46 de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata), 30 de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), 23 de maxixe (Cucumis anguria), 13 de pepino (C. sativus) e seis de melão (C. melo). Todas as amostras foram testadas contra anti-soros específicos para os principais vírus das famílias Bromoviridae, Comoviridae e Potyviridae que infetam cucurbitáceas no Nordeste, mediante "enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" (ELISA) indireto e dupla difusão em agar. Os resultados revelaram a identificação sorológica de Papaya ringspot vírus (PRSV) em 64,4% das amostras analisadas, seguido de Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) em 15,2%, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) em 6,8%, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) em 3,4% e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) em 3,4%. Este levantamento confirma a predominância do PRSV em espécies de cucurbitáceas cultivadas no estado do Maranhão.

Download Full-text

First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Associated with Leaf Crinkle and Yellow Mosaic Diseases of Cucurbit Plants in Mali

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-7-0923b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 923-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. S. Tsai ◽

I. K. Abdourhamane ◽

D. Knierim ◽

J. T. Wang ◽

L. Kenyon

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

The United States ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Nucleotide Identity ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Species ◽

First Report

The aphid-transmitted Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) has been reported to cause severe epidemics and yield losses in cucurbit crops worldwide (1). In Africa, ZYMV has been detected in Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, and Tunisia (1). In April 2009, leaf yellowing, mosaic, crinkling, and curling were common on cucurbit plants in fields in Mali. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from five cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants in Kati, two watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants in Samanko, and one weedy melon (Cucumis sp.) plant in Baguineda. All samples tested positive for ZYMV and were negative for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. They also tested negative for Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) by indirect ELISA. Antibodies against ZYMV and WMV were obtained from DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, and those against CGMMV, MYSV, PRSV-W, and WSMoV were provided by Shyi-Dong Yeh, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. Six ZYMV ELISA-positive samples (three cucumber, two watermelon, and the weedy melon sample) were also tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the potyvirus universal primer pair Sprimer1/Oligo(dT) (2). The expected 1.6-kb viral cDNA was amplified from all six samples and each was sequenced. All sequences obtained from cucumber (GenBank Accession Nos. HM005307, HM005308, and HM005309), watermelon (GenBank Accession Nos. HM005311 and HM005312), and weedy melon (GenBank Accession No. HM005310) isolates were 1,684 nucleotides (nt) long excluding the 3′ poly-A tails. They comprised the 3′-terminal of the NIb region (1 to 633 nt), the coat protein region (634 to 1473 nt), and the 3′-untranslated region (1,474 to 1,684 nt). Because the sequences shared high nucleotide identity (98.3 to 99.7%), these isolates were considered to be the same virus species. When the sequences were compared by BLASTn searching in GenBank and analyzed by DNAMAN Sequence Analysis Software (Lynnon Corporation, St-Louis, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada), they were found to have the greatest nucleotide identity (97.4 to 98.0%) with the Connecticut strain of ZYMV (ZYMV-Connecticut; GenBank Accession No. D00692), within a clade of isolates from China, Italy, Japan, and the United States. When assessed separately, their coat protein (97.7 to 98.3% nucleotide and 98.9 to 99.6% amino acid identity) and 3′-untranslated regions (96.7 to 97.2% identity) also had greatest homology with ZYMV-Connecticut. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV infecting cucurbit plants in Mali. ZYMV should be taken into consideration when breeding cucurbit crops for this region, and managing viral diseases. References: (1) C. Desbiez et al. Plant Pathol. 46:809, 1997. (2) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Dis. 94:378, 2010.

Download Full-text

Identificação sorológica de espécies de potyvirus em melancia, no estado de Roraima

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582004000600018 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 687-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira ◽

Najara F. Ramos ◽

Francisco A.C. Rabelo Filho ◽

M. Fátima B. Gonçalves ◽

Katia L. Nechet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

No período de maio de 2003 a março de 2004, foram coletadas amostras foliares de plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) de 21 campos de cultivo de cucurbitáceas, no Estado de Roraima. As amostras exibiam diferentes sintomas de vírus e foram levadas para o Laboratório de Virologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal do Ceará para serem testadas por "enzyme linked immunosorbent assay" (Elisa)-indireto, contra anti-soros específicos para Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus estirpe melancia (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Nos testes de Elisa, utilizou-se o conjugado universal, anti-imunoglobulina (IgG) de coelho produzida em cabra conjugada à enzima fosfatase alcalina. Todas as amostras foram testadas, também, por dupla difusão contra o anti-soro para Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). Os resultados indicaram a presença do PRSV-W em 84,2% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, em 7,1% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 55,6% das amostras coletadas em março de 2004. A presença do ZYMV foi observada em 10,5% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, 21,4% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 25,9% das amostras de março de 2004. O WMV foi detectado somente em oito das amostras coletadas em março de 2004 (29,6%). Os resultados desta pesquisa confirmam a ampla dispersão do PRSV-W em cultivos de cucurbitáceas no território brasileiro e a preocupante expansão do ZYMV em razão dos elevados prejuízos que o mesmo tem causado em outras partes do mundo.

Download Full-text

Fontes de resistência em melancia aos principais potyvírus isolados de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste brasileiro

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362002000400015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 589-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vanuzia B. de Oliveira ◽

Manoel Abilio de Queiroz ◽

Albersio A. Lima

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Type ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

A melancia, Citrullus spp., pode ser infetada por várias espécies de vírus, dentre as quais se destacam as pertencentes à família Potyviridae. Visando identificar fontes de resistência a potyvírus, foi iniciado na UFC um programa de indexação do banco de germoplasma de melancia da Embrapa Semi-Árido. Foram utilizadas as espécies de potyvírus, isoladas de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste: Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W); Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Dos 50 acessos de melancia avaliados, 37 pertencem a Citrullus lanatus, 9 a C. lanatus var. citroides e 4 a C. colocynthis. Em casa-de-vegetação foram inoculadas 4 plantas envasadas de cada acesso com PRSV-W, 4 com WMV-2 e 4 com ZYMV, ficando 4 sem inoculação. As inoculações foram efetuadas 8 dias após o plantio, e 15 dias depois. As plantas assintomáticas foram reinoculadas. As plantas que persistiram sem sintomas, após um período de 25 dias após a primeira inoculação, foram testadas por ELISA contra os anti-soros correspondentes. Dentre os acessos avaliados, 5 mostraram-se resistentes aos 3 vírus, um resistente somente ao PRSV-W, 21 resistentes somente ao ZYMV e nenhum com resistência isolada ao WMV-2. No entanto, 45 acessos apresentaram resistência ao ZYMV isoladamente ou em combinação com outro potyvírus. Os acessos suscetíveis, apresentaram sintomas 10 dias após a primeira inoculação enquanto que os resistentes permaneceram sem sintomas após a segunda inoculação e com resultados negativos em ELISA. Alguns acessos poderão ser cruzados visando obter populações segregantes para a seleção de indivíduos homozigotos recessivos e, juntamente com os acessos com resistência tripla identificados, ampliar a variabilidade genética de fontes quanto a características de planta e fruto.

Download Full-text

Tests for Allelic Relationships Among Potyvirus Resistance Genes in Cucumis sativus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.841a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 841A-841

Author(s):

Eileen Kabelka ◽

Rebecca Grumet

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Backcross Progeny ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Susceptible Parent ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

Segregation Ratios

Cucumbers and other cucurbit crops are subject to severe losses due to an array of potyviruses, including zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W). Sources of resistance to these viruses have been identified within the cucumber germplasm, including resistance to ZYMV, WMV, and PRSV in `TMG-l'; resistance to PRSV in `Surinam'; and to ZYMV in `Dina'. In this study, we sought to determine the allelic relationships between resistance to PRSV in `Surinam' and `TMG' and resistance to ZYMV in `Dina' and `TMG'. Segregation ratios among F1, F2, and backcross progeny of `Surinam' and `TMG' indicated that the alleles are at the same locus. Similarly, progeny analysis indicates that the alleles for ZYMV resistance in `Dina' and `TMG' are at the same locus. In each case, however, the alleles appear to differ from one another with respect to dominance relationships, symptom expression, and/or response to different viral strains. We are further characterizing these differences by screening progeny of crosses to a common susceptible parent.

Download Full-text

Potential Sources of Resistance for Melon to Nonpersistently Aphid-borne Viruses

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.960 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (8) ◽

pp. 960-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Díaz ◽

Cristina Mallor ◽

Carmen Soria ◽

Rocío Camero ◽

Elisa Garzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Song Type ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Potential Sources

Two hundred and sixty-eight Cucumis melo and wild relative accessions were evaluated for resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus strain W (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Symptom development and systemic infection based on double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were monitored. Sources of resistance were scarce. However, a number of them were found among the C. melo accessions tested. Thus, the accession C-189 behaved similarly to PI 161375 and showed resistance to “common” CMV strains although it was infected by a “song” type CMV. For WMV, the accessions C-768 and C-425, although infected, exhibited very mild symptoms, and recovery from infection occurred in some occasions in the former. A similar trait was also found in C-105, although in this case symptoms rarely appear and part of the plants are not infected. In addition, C-105 was highly resistant to virus transmission by Aphis gossypii, similarly to PI 161375. Accessions C-885 and C-769 exhibited resistance to PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV; therefore they are potential sources of multiple resistance. Resistance traits were also found in wild relatives that could be exploited when interspecific barriers with C. melo can be circumvented.

Download Full-text