scholarly journals Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Biological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Xinggang Chen ◽  
Lingyu Jiang ◽  
Anhua Bao ◽  
Changlin Liu ◽  
Junang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, a species of tea oil tree with resistance to anthracnose, is widely used to breed disease-resistant Camellia varieties. In 2019, anthracnose symptoms were observed on Ca. yuhsienensis for the first time. However, the species and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Ca. yuhsienensis (YX-Colletotrichum spp.) have not been elucidated. In this study, five isolates (YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1, 2YX-5-1, 2YX-8-1-1 and 2YX-8-1-2), which were consistent with the morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp., were obtained from Ca. yuhsienensis. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1 and 2YX-8-1-2 belonged to first clade along with Colletotrichum fructicola. 2YX-8-1-1 belonged to the second clade along with Colletotrichum siamense. 2YX-5-1 belonged to the third clade with Colletotrichum camelliae. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogenicity of YX-Colletotrichum spp. was stronger than that of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Camellia oleifera (GD-Colletotrichum spp.). Biological characteristics illustrated that the mycelial growth of YX-Co. camelliae (2YX-5-1) was slower than that of GD-Co. camelliae when the temperature exceeded 20 °C. In addition, in the presence of ions, the mycelial growth of YX-Co. fructicola (YX2-5-2) and YX-Co. siamense (2YX-8-1-1) was also slower than that of GD-Co. fructicola and GD-Co. siamense. Furthermore, the ability of YX-Colletotrichum spp. to utilize lactose and mannitol was weaker than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp., while the ability to utilize NH4+ was generally stronger than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp. This is the first report of anthracnose of Ca. yuhsienensis induced by Co. fructicola, Co. siamense and Co. camelliae in China. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and control of anthracnose on Ca. yuhsienensis.

Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia sinensis anthracnose in Anhui province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xianghan Li ◽  
YuanYuan Zhou ◽  
Genjia Tan ◽  
Lixin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Recent advances in Colletotrichum taxonomy have led to the need to conduct fresh surveys of Colletotrichum species associated with important crops. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the destructive diseases on Camellia sinensis. In this study, a total of 22 representative Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in four tea plantation regions in Anhui province of China. The isolates were identified based on multi-locus (ITS, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH) phylogenetic analyses, and their morphological characteristics were also analyzed. Twenty-one isolates belonging to C. gloeosporioides complex were identified as C. camelliae, C. fructicola and C. siamense. One isolate belonging to C. boninense complex was identified as C. karstii. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of C. camelliae and C. fructicola were highly virulent when inoculated on the leaves of detached twigs of Ca. sinensis cv. Shuchazao. Furthermore, it was found that the interspecies virulence was less distinct and individual isolates showed varied virulence when inoculated on different varieties of Ca. sinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola, C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose on Ca. sinensis in Anhui province, China.

scholarly journals Characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Sensitivity to Carbendazim for Isolates Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Shan Zhong ◽  
Jianqiang Miao ◽  
Xili Liu ◽  
Guozhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Strawberry Anthracnose ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Important Disease

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease that may cause significant economic losses. Based on multilocus sequence analyses and morphological characteristics, 64 isolates from strawberry anthracnose samples collected from nine Chinese provinces and municipalities were identified as three species: Colletotrichum fructicola (29 isolates), Colletotrichum siamense (23 isolates), and Colletotrichum nymphaeae (12 isolates). Isolates of C. siamense showed strong aggressiveness to fruit and leaves. Isolates of C. fructicola showed strong aggressiveness to crowns. Isolates of C. nymphaeae were weakly or not pathogenic to fruit, leaves, or crowns. Sensitivity to carbendazim was determined for a total of 75 isolates, including 11 previously preserved. Two isolates of C. siamense were highly resistant (HR) and 21 were moderately resistant (MR). Nine isolates of C. fructicola were sensitive (S), 24 were HR, and four were MR. All 15 isolates of C. nymphaeae were insensitive, and their mycelial growth was not completely inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with 500 μg/ml carbendazim. Beta-tubulin (TUB2) of representative isolates was amplified and sequenced, revealing a glutamic acid substituted by alanine at codon 198 in HR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola. MR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola had a point mutation at codon 200, causing a replacement of phenylalanine acid by tyrosine. No point mutation was detected at codons 50, 167, 198, 200, or 240 in TUB2 of C. nymphaeae insensitive isolates. Overall, this study revealed that C. fructicola was the dominant species causing anthracnose on strawberry and could improve the understanding of the management of fungicide resistance in Colletotrichum species on strawberry in China.

scholarly journals Identification and pathogenicity of microorganisms affecting purple passion fruit in Colombia

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez Gil ◽  
Pablo Julián Tamayo ◽  
Juan Gonzalo Morales
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Phytophthora Drechsleri ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims, known in Colombia as “gulupa”) is an increasingly important crop in Colombia, as seen by an increase in the area under cultivation. This recent prominence coincides with a low number of existing technologies related to the cultivation of the fruit, resulting in a lack of knowledge about its associated pathogens and the absence of rapid and precise diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of distinct microorganisms isolated from purple passion fruit samples, some of which had not been previously reported in Colombia. The sampling was performed in seven plots located in two regions of the Colombian Antioquia. With the use of field symptomatology, the isolation of microorganisms, morphological characteristics, molecular analysis, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogen species Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, and Phytophthora drechsleri were identified for the first time in Colombia. These pathogens cause lesions in fruits, with an incidence of 10.9, 7.6, and 2.8%, respectively. This is also the first report on a global level of Phytophthora drechsleri causing a disease in this plant species.

scholarly journals Morphological, Pathogenic, and Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolates Causing Almond Anthracnose in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2034-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana López-Moral ◽  
Maria Carmen Raya-Ortega ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
Luis F. Roca ◽  
Maria Lovera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
A New Species

Almond anthracnose is a serious and emerging disease in several countries. All isolates causing almond anthracnose have been assigned to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, of which only C. fioriniae and C. godetiae have been associated with the disease to date. Here, we characterized Colletotrichum isolates from almond fruit affected by anthracnose in the Andalusia region. Two Colletotrichum isolates causing olive anthracnose were included for comparison. Morphological characteristics were useful for separating the isolates into groups based on colony morphology. Pathogenicity tests in almond, olive, and apple fruit showed differences in virulence and some degree of pathogenic specialization among isolates. Molecular characterization allowed clear identification of the Colletotrichum isolates tested. The olive isolates were identified as C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae, both previously identified in Andalusian olive orchards. Two phylogenetic species were identified among the almond isolates: C. godetiae, with gray colonies, which is well known in other countries, and C. acutatum, with pink-orange colonies. This species identification differs from those of pink-colony subpopulations described in other countries, which are C. fioriniae. Therefore, this study is also the first report of a new species of Colletotrichum causing almond anthracnose within the C. acutatum species complex.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA , fur , hgbB , ompA , ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

Biological characterization of six Australian isolates of potato virus Y and their serological detection by ELISA

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Heath ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
JR Moran ◽  
AJ Mason ◽  
ND Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Necrotic Symptoms

Six potato virus Y isolates from Victoria and Queensland were characterized on the basis of host plant reactions. Four isolates from potato produced symptoms in indicator plants and potato cultivars consistent with those caused by the PVYO group. Two isolates from tobacco produced necrotic symptoms on some tobacco cultivars characteristic of the PVYN group, but did not systemically infect potato cultivars and therefore could not be considered to belong to any of the previously described PVY strain groups. Despite the wide variation in their biological characteristics, an antiserum produced to one of the potato isolates was able to detect all six of the isolates when used in ELISA

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Brenneria quercina, Causal Agent for Bark Canker and Drippy Nut of Quercus spp. in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Biosca ◽  
Raquel González ◽  
María José López-López ◽  
Santiago Soria ◽  
Carmina Montón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
First Time

The drippy nut disease of oak was first described in California in 1967 and, since then, the causal agent has not been reported in any other area. This study describes for the first time in Europe the isolation of Brenneria (Erwinia) quercina from bark canker in addition to drippy bud and drippy nut in Quercus ilex and Q. pyrenaica. The bark canker and drippy bud symptoms were not previously described as caused by this bacterium. No fungal pathogens were associated with any of the symptoms. Physiological and biochemical characterization identified the pathogenic isolates from Spain as belonging to B. quercina, similar to the reference strain CFBP 1266. Fatty acid profiles of the Spanish isolates also were similar to the strain of B. quercina from California. Serological analysis by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antisera against the reference strain of B. quercina and one Spanish oak isolate revealed some antigenic heterogeneity between isolates of different origins. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that the Spanish isolates were able to reproduce internal symptoms of necrosis and acorn exudation in Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica and suggest that B. quercina may be associated, among other causes, with the oak decline syndrome affecting Spanish oak forests.

Apple fruit core rot agents in Greece and control with SDHI fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Ntasiou ◽  
Anastasios Samaras ◽  
George Savvas Karaoglanidis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Fungal Identification ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Core rot is a major postharvest disease of apple fruit that occurs worldwide and is caused by a complex of fungi. Despite the importance of the disease, little is known about its etiology in Greece. In the current study, 325 fungal isolates obtained from fruit with core rot symptoms were identified to the species level using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Fungal identification revealed that Alternaria alternata was the major disease agent (57.8% of the isolates), followed by Kalmusia variispora (27.8%) Botrytis cinerea (12%), and Fusarium spp. (3.3%). K. variispora is reported for the first time as an agent of core rot of apple and its pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation tests. In addition to disease etiology, field experiments were performed at 2 different orchards for 3 consecutive years (2017-2019). Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of several classes of fungicides and the timing of application for control of the disease. Greater efficacy was achieved when fungicides were applied at the petal fall stage (flowers fading BBCH 67), while the most effective fungicides were the SDHI inhibitors fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, adepidyn and penthiopyrad. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the optimization of disease management and reduce the yield losses caused by core rot pathogens in Greece.

Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the testes of the dove

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Mustafa ◽  
Ruwaida Elhanbaly
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Summary Avian testes have been used in the study of germ cell transfer, importantly for understanding the preservation and control of birds. For this purpose, we use light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to understand the reproductive efficiency of dove testes. The tunica albuginea was thin and septula testes were not observed. The testicular parenchyma was formed mainly of closely packed convoluted seminiferous tubules with little interstitial area. Three types of spermatogonia were distinguished. The primary spermatocyte appeared as the largest spermatogenic cell and was identified at different stages of meiosis. Different morphological stages of the spermatid were categorized. Various cellular associations were described within the seminiferous epithelium. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells was pale and ill defined due to its close relationship to the germinal epithelium. The spermatid attached to the luminal border of Sertoli cells and germ cells were closely associated. A single layer of myoid cells surrounded the seminiferous tubule. Testicular telocytes of doves were located in the peritubular region and near the blood vessels. Telopods appeared as long cytoplasmic processes arising from the cell body. Leydig cells were distributed singly or in small groups and cords. The intensity of androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining in the testes of the dove was established for the first time and is described in this paper.

scholarly journals Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Zheng ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli ◽  
Xiaofang Sun ◽  
Xiaoli Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Fructicola ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Important Disease

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an important disease of blueberries and results in large economic losses for blueberry growers. Samples of anthracnose were collected from six main blueberry cultivation areas in Sichuan Province. In total, 74 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained through a single-spore purification method and identified to the species through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on partial DNA sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, and the β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT) and calmodulin (CAL) genes. Among all species, Colletotrichum fructicola was the most dominant species, with an isolation percentage of up to 66.2% in Sichuan, followed by Colletotrichum siamense (17.6%), C. kahawae (5.4%), C. karstii (5.4%), C. nymphaeae (2.7%) and C. sichuaninese (2.7%). Pathogenicity tests showed all species were able to cause typical anthracnose symptoms on blueberry leaves and stems. Colletotrichum fructicola was the predominant species with strong aggressiveness. Moreover, C. fructicola, C. kahawae, C. sichuaninese and C. nymphaeae are first reported here to cause blueberry anthracnose. This study provides a comprehensive reference for the association of different Colletotrichum spp., which may support the sustainable management of blueberry anthracnose.

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