scholarly journals A New ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ Species in Solanum tuberosum in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Liefting ◽  
Z. C. Perez-Egusquiza ◽  
G. R. G. Clover ◽  
J. A. D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Total Dna

Symptoms resembling “zebra chip” disease (3) were observed in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers harvested from a breeding trial in South Auckland, New Zealand in May 2008. The tubers had necrotic flecking and streaking that became marked when the potatoes were fried. Affected plants generally senesced early, at the beginning of April. The mean yield was approximately 60% less than expected and harvested tubers had less dry matter (13%) than normal (19%). Large numbers of the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli were observed on the crop during the summer. Total DNA was extracted from the vascular tissue of five symptomatic tubers and seven volunteers collected from the affected field with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Samples were tested by PCR using primers OA2 (GenBank Accession No. EU834130) and OI2c (2). These primers amplify a 1,160-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA sequence of a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species identified in tomato and capsicum in New Zealand. No fragment was amplified from healthy plants, but amplicons of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic tubers and one plant. A 650-bp fragment of the β operon was also amplified from symptomatic tubers. The amplicons were directly sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. EU849020 and EU919514). BLAST analysis showed 100% identity to the tomato/capsicum liberibacter (GenBank Accession Nos. EU834130 and EU834131). From a commercial potato field adjoining the breeding trial, groundkeeper tubers were collected and separated into those that were asymptomatic and those that exhibited a range of symptoms. Total DNA was extracted and tested by PCR using the OA2/OI2c primers. In the first category, 6 of 10 tubers tested positive, whereas the 10 tubers in the second category tested negative. Two phytoplasmas seem to be involved in the “zebra chip” disease complex (4) but were not detected in the samples in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a liberibacter associated with disease in potato. From transmission electron microscope observations, previous researchers have hypothesized that a bacterium-like organism may cause “zebra chip” (1) and B. cockerelli is associated with the disease (3). “Zebra chip” was first reported in Mexico in 1994, since then it has caused significant economic damage in Guatemala, Mexico, and the southwestern United States. The economic impact of the disease in New Zealand is yet to be determined. References: (1) S. H. De Boer et al. Page 30 in: New and Old Pathogens of Potato in Changing Climate. A. Hannukkala and M. Segerstedt, eds. Online publication. Agrifood Research Working Paper 142, 2007. (2) S. Jagoueix et al. Mol. Cell. Probes 10:43, 1996. (3) J. E. Munyaneza et al. J. Econ. Entomol. 100:656, 2007. (4) G. A. Secor et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006.

scholarly journals Potato Zebra Chip Disease: A Phytopathological Tale

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Crosslin ◽  
Joseph E. Munyaneza ◽  
Judith K. Brown ◽  
Lia W. Liefting
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Central United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
United States Mexico

Potato zebra chip (ZC) disease is a relative newcomer to the world of important potato diseases. First reported in Mexico in the 1990s, by 2004-2005 the disease was causing serious economic damage in parts of Texas. ZC is now widespread in the south-western and central United States, Mexico, Central America, and was recently reported in New Zealand. By 2006, there seemed to be an association between ZC and the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli). The exact nature of the relationship, however, has only recently been identified by the discovery of a new Candidatus Liberibacter bacterium that is transmitted to potatoes, tomatoes, and other solanaceous hosts by the potato psyllid. This review examines the history of this disease, the association of ZC with the potato psyllid, the host range, and recent research into the bacterial pathogen. Accepted for publication 15 December 2009. Published 17 March 2010.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance of Potato Psyllid Haplotypes in Southern Idaho Potato Fields During 2012 to 2015, and Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Causing Zebra Chip Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dahan ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Brandon Thompson ◽  
Sahar Eid ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Industry ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Zebra chip (ZC) disease, a serious threat to the potato industry, is caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). Five haplotypes (hapA to hapE) of this pathogen have been described so far in different crops, with only hapA and hapB being associated with ZC in potato. Both haplotypes are vectored and transmitted to a variety of solanaceaeous plants by the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc). Psyllids are native to North America, and four haplotypes have been identified and named based on their predominant geographic association: Northwestern, Central, Western, and Southwestern. Although all psyllid haplotypes have been found in southern Idaho potato fields, data on relative haplotype abundances and dynamic changes in the fields over time have not previously been reported. Here, psyllid samples collected in Idaho potato fields from 2012 to 2015 were used to clarify spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and abundance of psyllid and Lso haplotypes. A shift from hapA toward hapB population of Lso was revealed during these four seasons, indicating possible evolution of Lso in Idaho fields. Although we confirmed that Western psyllids were the most abundant by far during the four seasons of observation, we also observed changes in abundance of other haplotypes, including increased diversity of psyllid haplotypes during 2015. Seasonal changes observed for the Northwestern and Central haplotypes could potentially be linked to psyllid migration and/or habitat changes. South-central Idaho exhibited more diversity in psyllid haplotypes than southwestern Idaho.

scholarly journals A field study of Bactericera cockerelli feeding timing in potato crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
J.N. Furlong ◽  
J. Vereijssen ◽  
A.R. Pitman ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Since its 2006 detection in New Zealand, the tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, has been responsible for yield and quality-reducing damage to potatoes as well as to other solanaceous crops. TPP is best known as the insect vector for the zebra chip disease-associated bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), but feeding by CLso-negative TPP on potatoes is also linked to damaging effects. An improved understanding of which potato plant physiological stages are most affected by feeding of CLso-negative TPP will allow for more directed integrated pest management (IPM) plans. As part of a two-year repeated eld study to assess the effect of TPP feeding timing on potatoes, CLso-negative TPP were released into mesh cages over outdoor potato (‘Moonlight’) plantings at ve different growth stages: post-emergence, owering, post- owering, late-season, and pre-harvest. Tubers were grouped by plant at harvest. (Un)marketable numbers and weights, marketable dry matter and zebra chip severity were determined. Results from this trial and other shadehouse trials conducted previously are still being analysed but have the potential to better target IPM plans and reduce costly, labour-intensive, and environmentally impactful pesticide spray use, which is currently relied on heavily throughout growing seasons.

Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (zebra chip).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Munyaneza
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
North And South

Abstract Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) is a phloem-limited, Gram-negative, unculturable bacterium that is primarily spread by psyllid insect vectors. It is considered very invasive due to its ability to be transported primarily in infective psyllids (Munyaneza et al., 2007a; 2010a,b; 2012a,b; Munyaneza, 2012; Alfaro-Fernandez et al., 2012a,b). It has been shown that Lso distribution in the Americas, New Zealand and Europe follows the distribution of its known psyllid vectors (Munyaneza, 2010; 2012).In New Zealand, where Lso was introduced along with Bactericera cockerelli, supposedly from Western USA in early 2000s, the bacterium had already spread to both North and South Island by the time it was first documented in 2006 (Gill, 2006). It is clear that introduction of the psyllid vectors of Lso into new regions is likely to result in the rapid spread of this bacterium. Lso and several of its vectors are already on several alert lists, including the EPPO A1 Regulated Quarantine Plant Pests.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ and Potato Zebra Chip Disease Progress in Relation to Pathogen Titer, Vector Numbers, and Feeding Sites

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rashed ◽  
T. D. Nash ◽  
L. Paetzold ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
C. M. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Inoculation Study

With diseases caused by vector-borne plant pathogens, acquisition and inoculation are two primary stages of the transmission, which can determine vector efficiency in spreading the pathogen. The present study was initiated to quantify acquisition and inoculation successes of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the etiological agent of zebra chip disease of potato, by its psyllid vector, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Acquisition success was evaluated in relation to feeding site on the host plant as well as the acquisition access period. Inoculation success was evaluated in relation to vector number (1 and 4) on the plants. Acquisition success was influenced by the feeding site on the plant. The highest acquisition success occurred when insects had access to the whole plant. The results of the inoculation study indicated that the rate of successfully inoculated plants increased with the vector number. Plants inoculated with multiple psyllids had higher bacterial titer at the point of inoculation. Although disease incubation period was significantly shorter in plants inoculated with multiple psyllids, this effect was heterogeneous across experimental blocks, and was independent of pathogen quantity detected in the leaflets 3 days postinoculation. Disease progress was not affected by bacterial quantity injected or psyllid numbers.

scholarly journals Seasonal Occurrence of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera Cockerelli) and Risk of Zebra Chip Pathogen (Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum) in Northwestern New Mexico

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Charles Higgins ◽  
Shantel Begay ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) is one of the most important pests in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) due to its feeding behavior and the transmission of a bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum) that causes zebra chip disease, altering the quality of the potato tuber and the fried potato chip or french fry. This pest is thus a threat to the chip potato industry and often requires preventive measures including the use of costly insecticides. The objectives of this research were to monitor the variation in B. cockerelli adult abundance and to evaluate the risk of zebra chip disease in northwestern New Mexico, USA. Yellow sticky traps were used to collect the pest at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Farmington, NM and in nearby commercial fields at the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) and Navajo Mesa Farms during the 2017–2019 period. The collected adult pests were analyzed at Texas A & M University for the presence of Candidatus L. solanacearum (Lso). The results showed field infestation by B. cockerelli in early June and that the population peaked during the second half of July and decreased as the potato growing season progressed. However, a second less important peak of the pest was revealed around mid- to late-August, depending on the growing season and field. While the B. cockerelli population increased linearly with average air temperature, it showed strong third order polynomial relationships with the accumulated thermal units and the Julian days. The test of B. cockerelli for the Lso infection revealed a low incidence of the pathogen varying from 0.22% to 6.25% and the infected adult B. cockerelli were collected during the population peak period. The results of this study may be helpful to potato growers in pest management decision-making and control. However, more study is needed to evaluate zebra chip disease in terms of its prevention and economic impact, and to develop economic thresholds and pest management programs for northwestern New Mexico and neighboring regions.

Development of Action Thresholds for Management of Bactericera cockerelli and Zebra Chip Disease in Potatoes at Pukekohe, New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P. Walker ◽  
Frances H. MacDonald ◽  
Peter J. Wright ◽  
Aleise J. Puketapu ◽  
Robin Gardner-Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Action Thresholds

scholarly journals Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), a Reservoir Host for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the Putative Causal Agent of Zebra Chip Disease of Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenita Thinakaran ◽  
Elizabeth Pierson ◽  
Madhurababu Kunta ◽  
Joseph E. Munyaneza ◽  
Charlie M. Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium

Zebra chip disease of potato is caused by the bacterial pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ and is a growing concern for commercial potato production in several countries in North and Central America and New Zealand. ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is vectored by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli, which transmits the pathogen to several cultivated and wild solanaceaous host plants. Silverleaf nightshade (SLN), Solanum elaeagnifolium, is a common weed in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and a host for both the potato psyllid and ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. SLN plants were successfully inoculated with ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ under laboratory conditions. Retention studies demonstrated that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-infected SLN planted in the field in January 2013, concurrent with commercial potato planting, retained the pathogen under field conditions throughout the year despite extensive dieback during summer. The presence of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was confirmed in leaves, roots, and stolons of SLN plants collected the following year using polymerase chain reaction. Acquisition assays using B. cockerelli adults also revealed that SLN retained the pathogen. Transmission studies determined that B. cockerelli can acquire ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ within a 2-week acquisition access period on ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-infected SLN and subsequently transmit the pathogen to potato. These results demonstrate that SLN plants can serve as a reservoir for ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’, providing a source of inoculum for B. cockerelli adults colonizing potato the next season. The presence of SLN plants all year round in the LRGV makes the weed an epidemiologically important host. These findings underscore the importance of eradicating or managing SLN plants growing in the vicinity of potato fields to prevent spread of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ and damage caused by zebra chip.

Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. [Distribution map].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Central America ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Psyllaurous ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous Hansen et al. Hosts: potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum) and other solanaceous crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Finland), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Honduras), Oceania (New Zealand). Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous is transmitted by the potato phyllid Bactericera cockerelli and the carrot psyllid Trioza apicalis (Hemiptera: Triozidae).

scholarly journals Effects of sulphur on control of tomato potato psyllid in potato

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 386-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
G.P. Walker ◽  
D.I. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Insecticide Spray

Tomato potato psyllid (TPP) (Bactericera cockerelli) vectors Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum a phloemlimited bacterium that can cause a mottled browning discolouration (zebra chip; ZC) in fried crisps Sulphur is mainly used as a fungicide but is also registered in New Zealand as an insecticide against erineum mite (Colomerus vitis) on grapes A field trial to determine TPP response to foliarapplied sulphur found that weekly applications (no insecticides) significantly reduced psyllid nymph numbers in foliage compared with the control (nosulphur noinsecticide) However the incidence of severe ZC in frycooked tubers was higher in the weekly sulphur treatment than with a commercial insecticide spray programme Tubers from both the nonsprayed control and the weekly sulphur treatment had significantly lower yields and specific gravities than those treated with insecticide Sulphur applied alternately with insecticides gave similar results to the commercial insecticide programme promising for the industrys goal of reducing insecticide applications

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