scholarly journals Taino Tomato Mottle Virus, a New Bipartite Geminivirus from Cuba

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Ramos ◽  
O. Guerra ◽  
R. Peral ◽  
P. Oramas ◽  
R. G. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pepper Plants

Geminiviruses have become the most important virus group affecting tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten) in Cuba since they have been detected in all tomato-producing areas, causing serious losses. Recently, a whitefly-transmitted, monopartite geminivirus was detected in Cuba and identified as tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-Is) (1). Samples collected from the main tomato-producing areas during the period 1995 to1996 were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers (PAL1v1978 and PAR1c496) (2). Whereas in samples from most areas only TYLCV was detected, in some samples from the Havana area, two DNA fragments (approximately 1.4 and 1.1 kb) were amplified by PCR. The larger fragment was identified as part of the TYLCV-Is genome, confirming the previous report (1). The 1.1-kb fragment was cloned and its nucleotide sequence suggested that a new bipartite geminivirus was also present in those tomato samples. To clone the entire genome, tomato plants were inoculated by biolistics with DNA extract from field samples. After symptom expression, a viral DNA-enriched preparation from the inoculated tomatoes was independently digested with several restriction enzymes and the products were ligated into pZero plasmid (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). Several clones in the 2.6-kb size range were characterized by restriction mapping and hybridization against component A and B heterologous probes. Two clones were selected as containing putative A and B components and their infectivity was tested by biolistic inoculation of tomato and pepper plants. The inoculated tomatoes developed a mild mottle in the younger leaves, whereas no symptoms were visible on the inoculated pepper plants. However, the presence of viral DNA was confirmed in both tomatoes and peppers by Southern blot hybridization analysis with A- and B-specific probes. Partial sequences of both components were obtained and their analysis showed that both components shared a 170-bases common region with a 95% identity. In addition, the nucleotide sequences of two open reading frames, one in each component (AC1 and BC1), were determined and compared with geminivirus sequences deposited in Gen-Bank. A dendogram generated with the CLUSTAL program and obtained with the AC1 and BC1 amino acid sequences, placed the new geminivirus in a cluster with tomato mottle virus (ToMoV; accession nos. L14460, L14461), Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV; X15983, X15984), potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV; D00940, D00941), and bean dwarf mosaic virus (BDMV; M88179, M88180). The percentages of identity obtained with the amino acid sequences were as follows. For AC1: ToMoV, 87%; PYMV, 79.5%; BDMV, 78.7%; and AbMV, 78%. For BC1 protein: BDMV, 92.8%; ToMoV, 89.1%; PYMV, 88.1%; and AbMV, 67.5%. In addition, the sequences were compared with partial nucleotide sequences (AC1, coat protein [CP], and common region) of a bipartite geminivirus affecting tomatoes in Jamaica (accession nos. U83855, U83854, and U83850). Interestingly, the common regions showed a higher percentage of identity (88%) than the CP and AC1 partial nucleotide sequences (86 and 74%, respectively). These data suggest that the virus reported here is a new geminivirus and the first bipartite geminivirus reported in Cuba. Thus, the name of Taino tomato mottle virus is proposed. (Taino refers to the name of the inhabitants of Cuba at the time of Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean). References: (1) P. L. Ramos et al. Plant Dis. 80:1208, 1996. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Geminiviruses Associated with the Weed Species Sida spp., Macroptilium lathyroides, and Wissadula amplissima from Jamaica

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia E. Roye ◽  
Wayne A. McLaughlin ◽  
Medhat K. Nakhla ◽  
Douglas P. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

Genetic diversity among geminiviruses associated with three common weeds in Jamaica was studied using digoxigenin-labeled geminiviral DNA probes, polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers for DNA-A and DNA-B, nucleic acid sequencing, and derived amino acid sequences. Geminiviruses with bipartite genomes were found in Sida spp., Macroptilium lathyroides, and Wissadula amplissima. The geminiviruses detected in Sida spp. and M. lathyroides were nearly identical and were both designated Sida golden mosaic geminivirus (SidGMV-JA), whereas the geminivirus in W. amplissima was sufficiently different to be designated Wissadula golden mosaic geminivirus (WGMV). Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the common regions and the N-terminal regions of the AC1 (rep) and AV1 ORFs, together with the derived amino acid sequence comparisons of the N-terminal parts of BC1 and BV1 ORFs were used to determine their similarities to other geminiviruses. SidGMV-JA was most similar to potato yellow mosaic geminivirus (PYMV). We propose that these two geminiviruses (SidGMV-JA and PYMV) define a new geminivirus cluster, the potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) cluster. WGMV was most similar to members of the Abutilon mosaic virus cluster but is not likely to be included in the Abutilon phylogenetic group because of the divergent sequence of the common region. These results indicate that geminiviruses infecting some weeds in Jamaica are distinct from crop-infecting geminiviruses in Jamaica and define a new geminivirus cluster.

scholarly journals Cross-Protection Against Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Clover yellow vein virus by Attenuated BYMV Isolate M11

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Nakazono-Nagaoka ◽  
Tsubasa Takahashi ◽  
Takumi Shimizu ◽  
Yoshitaka Kosaka ◽  
Tomohide Natsuaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

Attenuated isolate M11 of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), obtained after exposing BYMV-infected plants to low temperature, and its efficacy in cross-protecting against infection by BYMV isolates from gladiolus, broad bean (Vicia faba) and white clover (Trifolium repens) was assessed with western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The level of cross-protection varied depending on the challenge virus isolates. Cross-protection was complete against BYMV isolates from gladiolus, but incomplete against BYMV isolates from other hosts. M11 also partially cross-protected against an isolate of Clover yellow vein virus. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of M11 and those of BYMV isolates from gladiolus and from other hosts showed higher homology among gladiolus isolates than the homology between gladiolus isolates and nongladiolus isolates. In the phylogenetic trees, constructed using the nucleotide sequences of an overall polyprotein of the genomes, five gladiolus isolates clustered together, completely separated from the three BYMV isolates from other hosts. A comparison of the amino acid sequences between M11 and its parental isolate IbG, and analysis of recombinant infectious clones between M11 and IbG revealed that an amino acid at position 314 was involved in the attenuation of BYMV.

scholarly journals First Report and Characterization of Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus in Honduras

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Potter ◽  
M. M. Roca de Doyle ◽  
M. K. Nakhla ◽  
D. P. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Recombinant Plasmid ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Common Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
The Common

Rhynchosia minima was suspected to be a weed host of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV, previously designated Bean golden mosaic virus type II). Leaf tissue that exhibited yellow mosaic foliar symptoms characteristic of a geminivirus infection was collected in the Comayagua Valley in Honduras in July 1999. Extraction of viral DNA from the symptomatic leaves was accomplished with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). Subsequent viral DNA amplification was accomplished with degenerative primers for the cp gene (AV494/AC1048) (4). The 570-bp fragment was cloned into the pGEM T-Easy vector (Promega Corp., Madison, WI) producing the recombinant plasmid pRhyb5. The viral insert was sequenced, and from this sequence, specific primers (RHc549 and RHv29) were designed to amplify the remaining part of DNA-A. The 2.1-kb-amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment was cloned into the pGEM T-Easy vector producing the recombinant plasmid (pRhya-sp), and the viral insert was sequenced. Nucleotide sequence comparison (GAP program, Wisconsin Package Version 10.0, Genetics Computer Group, Madison, WI) of the complete 2,624-bp DNA-A (GenBank accession no. AF239671) to geminiviruses representing the major phylogenetic clusters (1) showed nucleotide identities ranging from 63 to 82%. Sequence comparisons for the common region and rep, trap, ren, and cp genes with the most closely related geminivirus, Pepper hausteco virus (PHV, X70418), gave 76, 82, 79, 81, and 82% nucleotide identities, respectively. There is a direct repeat (TATCGGT) of 7 nt 5′ (viral sense polarity) of the conserved TATA box, and this repeat is most analogous to that in PHV (1). Specific primers were designed in the complementary sense (RGBc2414, BGBc2553) from the common region DNA-A sequence and used with a degenerative viral sense primer for the DNA-B (PBC1v2039) (3) to amplify a 647-bp fragment. Sequence comparison for the common region (134 nt from the rep gene start codon toward the 3′ end) from the DNA-B sequence had 88% nt identity to the DNA-A sequence, thus indicating that this geminivirus is bipartite. These sequence analyses indicated that this geminivirus isolated from R. minima is distinct from previously described geminiviruses, and we propose the name Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus (RGMV). From rep gene sequence alignments, RGMV has an apparent genome recombination between Old and New World geminiviruses (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Bean dwarf mosaic virus) as previously noted for PHV (2). Our results indicate that RGMV is a distinct geminivirus from BGYMV, and, thus, additional studies are needed to establish the importance of R. minima as a reservoir for vegetable-infecting geminiviruses. This study is the first report of another virus in the PHV phylogenetic cluster and is thus of importance in the understanding of recombinant viruses and their phylogenetic relationship to other characterized geminiviruses. References: (1) J. C. Faria et al. Phytopathology 84:321, 1994. (2) M. Padidam et al. Virology 265:218, 1999. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) S. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.

scholarly journals Fevillea trilobata as a Natural Host of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Boiteux ◽  
D. M. A. Spadotti ◽  
J. A. M. Rezende ◽  
E. W. Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Thin Sections

The antidote vines or nhandirobas (Fevillea trilobata L. [Cucurbitaceae]) are dioecious plant species native to the South American Neotropics (1). Genetic materials of these species are now being domesticated and evaluated as potential crops for seed-oil extraction aiming to produce biodiesel fuel (2). Plants of F. trilobata (Accession No. CNPH-001) were cultivated from seeds under open field conditions during the years 2008 through 2011 in Brasília-DF, Brazil. Approximately 200 plants exhibiting mosaic symptoms and severe leaf malformation (with typical bubble-like patches) were found in all fields every year. Apical mosaic was slightly more severe in female than in male plants. Electron microscopy examination of negatively stained extracts of symptomatic leaf tissue showed the presence of filamentous particles about 700 to 800 nm long. Analysis of ultra-thin sections of the same tissues revealed the presence of lamellar inclusions typical of a potyvirus infection. No aphid colonies were observed on field-grown F. trilobata plants. The virus was mechanically transmitted to healthy Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta and Luffa cylindrica, causing systemic mosaic. Sap from these infected plants reacted in PTA-ELISA with polyclonal antiserum against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), but not with antisera against Papaya ringspot virus – type W (PRSV-W), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV). Total RNA extracted from experimentally infected C. pepo was analyzed by RT-PCR using specific pairs of primers for the coat protein gene of ZYMV (3). A cDNA fragment of approximately 1,186 bp was amplified and the nucleotide sequence obtained by direct sequencing. Comparisons of the nucleotide (837 nt) and deduced amino acid (279 aa) sequences of the coat protein genomic segment (GenBank Accession No. JX502677) revealed 93 to 98% and 97 to 98% identity, respectively, with the corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a group of ZYMV isolates from distinct hosts (AY188994, AY279000, and NC_003224). The infection by ZYMV might cause fruit yield losses to F. trilobata. In addition, the infected F. trilobata crops might work as a reservoir of ZYMV providing inoculum to other cucurbit hosts since it has been managed as a semi-perennial crop. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the genus Fevillea as a natural host of ZYMV. References: (1) M. Nee et al. Syst. Bot. 34:704, 2009. (2) E. G. Shay. Biomass Bioenergy 4:227, 1993. (3) K. G. Thomson et al. J. Virol. Meth. 55:83, 1995.

scholarly journals First Report of Papaya ringspot virus–Type W and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infecting Trichosanthes cucumerina in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Jadão ◽  
J. E. Buriola ◽  
J. A. M. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Cp Gene

Trichosanthes cucumerina L., known as snake gourd, is a cucurbitaceous plant that is probably native to and originally domesticated in India. It is cultivated in humid subtropical and tropical countries of Australia, Latin America, and Africa (2). Plants of this species exhibiting symptoms of mosaic and leaf malformation were found during November 2008 near an experimental field of the Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Electron microscopy examination of negatively stained extract of infected tissue showed the presence of filamentous potyvirus-like particles. Sap from these infected plants reacted in plate-trapped antigen (PTA)-ELISA with the antiserum against Papaya ringspot virus–type W (PRSV-W) or Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), but not with the antiserum against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV). PRSV-W and ZYMV were simultaneously transmitted by mechanical inoculation to four plants of Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta and one plant of T. cucumerina, causing mosaic. In addition, PRSV-W and ZYMV isolates from our virus collection separately infected one plant of T. cucumerina after mechanical inoculation. Infections were confirmed by PTA-ELISA. Total RNA extracted from infected and healthy T. cucumerina was analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a primer pair specific to the coat protein (CP) gene of PRSV-W (4) or ZYMV (3). Fragments of 864 bp and 1,045 bp were amplified with each pair of primers, respectively. Nucleotide sequences directly obtained from purified PCR products were used for further identification of these potyviruses. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of part of the CP gene (792 nt) of PRSV-W (GenBank Accession No. GU586789) shared 99 and 98% identity, respectively, with that of the Brazilian isolate PRSV-W-C (GenBank Accession No. 4152). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the entire CP gene (837 nt) of ZYMV (GenBank Accession No. 6790) shared 91 to 98% and 94 to 100% identity, respectively, with innumerous isolates of ZYMV deposited in the GenBank (e.g., Accession Nos. AB004640, D13914, AB004641, and AJ420019). Natural infection of T. cucumerina by PRSV-W was reported in Nepal (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. cucumerina infected by PRSV-W and ZYMV in Brazil. References: (1) G. Dahal et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 130:491, 1997. (2) R. W. Robinson and D. S. Decker-Walters. Cucurbits. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 1997. (3) K. G. Thomson et al. J. Virol. Methods 55:83, 1995. (4) M. G. S. D. Vechia. Fitopatol. Bras. 28:678, 2003.

scholarly journals Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus, a New Begomovirus Infecting Macroptilium lathyroides in Cuba

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Ramos ◽  
A. Fernández ◽  
G. Castrillo ◽  
L. Díaz ◽  
A. L. Echemendía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

Macroptilium lathyroides (L) is a weed that is widely distributed in Cuba. Frequently, leaves show bright yellow mosaic symptoms, which suggest the incidence of a viral disease. Since begomovirus occurrence in Macroptilium lathyroides has been previously reported in other islands of the Caribbean (1,3), symptomatic plants from three distant places in Cuba (Havana, Villa Clara, and Camaguey), were collected and tested for the presence of begomoviruses. Plant DNA extracts were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with two sets of degenerate primers (2). The presence of a bipartite begomovirus was evident through strong hybridization signals obtained with the DNA-A and DNA-B of Taino tomato mottle virus as probes at low stringency. Furthermore, 1.4-kb and 1.2-kb PCR amplified fragments were obtained with DNA-A degenerate primers, PAL1v1978-PAR1c715 and PAL1c1960-PAR1v722, respectively. Both PCR fragments from the samples from the three locations were cloned, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 1.4-kb fragments were performed using PstI, EcoRI, HincII, XbaI and BglII. Restriction fragment patterns were the same for the three clones. The DNA-A sequence (GenBank Accession No. AJ344452) of the isolate from Villa Clara was compared with sequences available for other geminiviruses using CLUSTAL program. For the coat protein (CP) gene, the comparisons had the highest percentage of identity with various strains of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV, GenBank Accession Nos. AF173555, M91604, and L01635) (85 to 87% and 93 to 94%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). For Rep gene (1,044 nt), the best percentages of identities were with BGYMV (81 to 82% and 80 to 82% nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), Tomato leaf crumple virus (GenBank Accession No. AF101476) (78 and 81%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively), and Sida golden mosaic virus from Florida (GenBank Accession No. AF049336) (78 and 79%, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively). Finally, the comparative analysis of the intergenic region (i.e. the common region plus the CP gene promoter) had the highest identity with BGYMV (56 to 55%) and Tomato severe rugose virus (GenBank Accession No. AY029750) (49%). Interestingly, this virus has in this region the three G-box elements that are characteristic of BGYMV but it differs in the Rep protein-binding iterative motif that is GGTGA instead of GGAGA, for BGYMV. These data indicate that this virus is a new begomovirus and the name of Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) is proposed. References: (1) A. M. Idris et al. Plant Dis. 83:1071, 1999. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (3) M. E. Roye et al. Plant Dis. 81:1251, 1997.

scholarly journals Expression of Ubiquitin Gene in Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes Cultured with Fluconazole

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2559-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Kano ◽  
Ken Okabayashi ◽  
Yuka Nakamura ◽  
Shinichi Watanabe ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Microsporum Canis

ABSTRACT The expression of the ubiquitin (Ub) gene in dermatophytes was examined for its relation to resistance against the antifungal drug fluconazole. The nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the Ub gene in Microsporum canis were proven to be 99% similar to those of the Ub gene in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Expression of mRNA of Ub in M. canisand T. mentagrophytes was enhanced when the fungi were cultured with fluconazole. The antifungal activity of fluconazole against these dermatophytes was increased in the presence of Ub proteasome inhibitor.

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