scholarly journals Catharanthus roseus, an Experimental Host Plant for the Citrus Strain of Xylella fastidiosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Monteiro ◽  
J. Renaudin ◽  
S. Jagoueix-Eveillard ◽  
A. J. Ayres ◽  
M. Garnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Experimental Host ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Leaf Deformation

We verified by pathogenicity tests that the herbaceous plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) can be used as an experimental host for the strain of Xylella fastidiosa that causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Plants were mechanically inoculated with CVC strain 9a5c, the genome of which was recently sequenced. Plants were inoculated with the virulent 8th passage (9a5c-8) and the 51st passage (9a5c-51). Leaf deformation and stunting were seen 2 months after inoculation on 18 of 21 plants with 9a5c-8 and 8 of 21 plants with 9a5c-51. The plants were infected with X. fastidiosa as shown by polymerase chain reaction. The bacterium could be reisolated from all plants tested, showing that CVC-X. fastidiosa multiplied and moved systemically in C. roseus plants causing dysfunction in plant growth. The disease symptoms evolved within 4 months post-inoculation to a severe leaf chlorosis in all inoculated plants. The localization of X. fastidiosa in the xylem was verified by immunofluorescence. Genes coding for proteins with homologies to plant sterol-C-methyltransferase, a transketolase-like protein, subunit III of photosystem I, and a desiccation protectant protein were found to be differentially expressed in symptomatic C. roseus plants as a response to infection with X. fastidiosa in comparison to healthy plants. A tentative correlation between the pattern of expression of these C. roseus genes with the mechanism of pathogenicity of X. fastidiosa is discussed.

scholarly journals First Report of Sclerotium rolfsii on Catharanthus roseus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
G. E. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Wilt, blight, and stem necrosis were observed on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don ‘Mediterranean Deep Rose’ (MDR) plants (Madagascar or rose periwinkle) in August 1999 at Burden Research Plantation in Baton Rouge, LA. MDR was the only prostrate-form cultivar and the only cultivar of 11 that was diseased. Twelve of twenty-four plants of cv. MDR were killed in the trial planting. White mycelia and small (1 mm diameter) light brown sclerotia were present at the base of infected plants. The suspect fungus was isolated consistently on acidified water agar and maintained on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Pathogenicity tests were done by pipetting 1 ml of blended inoculum (contents of one 7-day-old plate culture grown on APDA in 100 ml of deionized water) at the base of nine 15-cm-tall Madagascar periwinkle plants. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were held in a dew chamber for 3 days at 28°C and placed in a greenhouse where temperatures ranged between 25 and 31°C. All inoculated plants showed wilt, blight, and basal stem rot after 3 days and were dead after 10 days. Noninoculated plants remained symptomless. The fungal pathogen was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and was reisolated from inoculated plants. The fungus was previously reported on Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb. (=C. roseus) from Taiwan (1). This is the first report of the occurrence of S. rolfsii on Madagascar periwinkle in the United States. Reference: (1) K. Goto. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 23:37, 1933.

scholarly journals First Report of Web Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Catharanthus roseus in Louisiana

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Holcomb ◽  
D. E. Carling
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Web Blight

Web (aerial) blight was observed in field plots of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Madagascar periwinkle) during three consecutive summers at the Burden Research Center in Baton Rouge. Leaf spots formed first, followed by a general blighting of leaves and stems that resulted in circular areas of dead plants in the plots. Dead leaves were matted together but remained attached to plants. Mycelia, and occasionally small, brown sclerotia (1 to 3 mm) were observed on blighted foliage. During the first year, only prostrate-growing cultivars belonging to the Mediterranean series of C. roseus were infected, but in 2001 and 2002 upright-growing cultivars as well as those with prostrate growth habit became infected. The disease occurred in July and August during periods of hot, humid, and rainy weather. Among 52 cultivars in the 2001 trial, only ‘Tropicana Pink’, ‘Tropicana Rose’ and ‘Stardust Orchid’ were disease free. A Rhizoctonia sp. was consistently isolated from diseased plants and further characterized as R. solani Kühn AG-1 based on its multinucleate cells and hyphal anastomosis with several AG-1 tester isolates. On potato dextrose agar, colonies displayed morphologies with characteristics of AG-1 IA and AG-1 IB, therefore, identification to AG subgroup was not made. Mature colonies ranged from light tan to brown and produced sclerotia, individually or in clumps, at the edge of the culture dish. Pathogenicity tests were performed by placing agar blocks, taken from the margins of 7-day-old cultures, on stems of eight healthy Madagascar periwinkle plants (15 to 20 cm tall). Inoculated and noninoculated control plants were held in a dew chamber at 26°C for 3 days and then moved to a greenhouse. Leaves on all inoculated plants developed water-soaked spots that turned dark brown or black prior to death, whereas noninoculated plants remained healthy. R. solani was reisolated from inoculated plants and its cultural characteristics were similar to those of the original isolate. Web blight occurs in Louisiana on Madagascar periwinkle used as landscape bedding plants, but has not been observed on container-grown plants. Web blight caused by R. solani AG-1 was previously reported on Madagascar periwinkle from Alabama (1). R. solani AG-1 has been reported previously as causing web blight in Louisiana on rosemary (2), dianthus (4), and verbena (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of web blight on Madagascar periwinkle (C. roseus) in Louisiana. References: (1) A. K. Hagan and J. M. Mullen. Plant Dis. 77:1169, 1993. (2) G. E. Holcomb. Plant Dis. 76:859, 1992. (3) G. E. Holcomb and D. E. Carling. Plant Dis. 84:492, 2000. (4) G. E. Holcomb and D. E. Carling. Plant Dis. 84:1344, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Xylella fastidiosa on Catharanthus roseus in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ueno ◽  
C. K. Funada ◽  
M. A. Yorinori ◽  
R. P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The U.S

In 1998, plants of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) showing small leaves, short internodes, and dieback symptoms were observed in a garden at the Instituto Agronomico do Parana (IAPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil. Stems of these plants were cut into short sections and the sap extracted from the tissue by squeezing with pliers. The sap was blotted onto a glass slide and examined for the presence of bacteria by light microscopy (×400). Microscopy observations revealed the presence of a large number of slender, rod-shaped bacterial cells. The bacteria present in the stems of periwinkle were isolated on buffered cysteine-yeast extract (BCYE) and periwinkle wilt (PW) agar media. Stems were disinfected in 70% alcohol and cut into short sections, and the sap extracted as described above. The sap was blotted directly onto the media and the plates were incubated at 28°C. Typical colonies of Xylella fastidiosa were observed 10 days after isolation on both media. Indirect immunofluorescence tests with antibody specific to X. fastidiosa and anti-IgG conjugated with tetrametylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) were carried out with xylem sap of periwinkle stem and the isolated bacteria. In both cases, immunofluorescence tests were positive for X. fastidiosa. These results confirm that periwinkle plants were infected with X. fastidiosa. This is the first report of the association of X. fastidiosa with periwinkle plants in Brazil. However, the symptoms observed for the X. fastidiosa-infected periwinkle plants differed from those described previously in the U.S. (1): those symptoms consisted of marginal chlorosis and occasional vein clearing of leaves and wilting of the plants. Reference: (1) R. E. McCoy et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:1022, 1978.

scholarly journals Analysis of Several Popular Cultivars of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.) using Biochemical Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Owk ANIEL KUMAR ◽  
Sape S. TATA ◽  
Kancharla PAVAN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Large White ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism

Band designs of esterase (EST), peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes in several selected cultivars of Catharanthus roseus by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were investigated in this study. It was confirmed that cultivar differences in isozyme polymorphism can be revealed by applied electrophoretic patterns. Three isozyme systems produced a total of 16 bands with polymorphism ranged from 66.6-100%. Considering the patterns of isozyme variations in the five cultivars of Catharanthus roseus, it is evident that the cultivar ‘First kiss coral’ displayed crimson red petal with large white eye’ displayed demarked profiles of EST, PO and PPO isozymes than other cultivars. This is the first report on isozyme polymorphism in members of the Cathanarathus roseus (L.) G. Don.

Development of STMS markers from the medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.]

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHUMIKA SHOKEEN ◽  
NIROJ K. SETHY ◽  
SHALU CHOUDHARY ◽  
SABHYATA BHATIA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Stms Markers

scholarly journals The bHLH transcription factor BIS1 controls the iridoid branch of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. 8130-8135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Van Moerkercke ◽  
Priscille Steensma ◽  
Fabian Schweizer ◽  
Jacob Pollier ◽  
Ivo Gariboldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid

Plants make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers. The conserved control mechanisms are based on transcriptional activation of the respective plant species-specific biosynthetic pathways by the phytohormone jasmonate. Knowledge of the transcription factors involved, particularly in terpenoid biosynthesis, remains fragmentary. By transcriptome analysis and functional screens in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), the unique source of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA)-type anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine, we identified a jasmonate-regulated basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor from clade IVa inducing the monoterpenoid branch of the MIA pathway. The bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1) transcription factor transactivated the expression of all of the genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the sequential conversion of the ubiquitous terpenoid precursor geranyl diphosphate to the iridoid loganic acid. BIS1 acted in a complementary manner to the previously characterized ethylene response factor Octadecanoid derivative-Responsive Catharanthus APETALA2-domain 3 (ORCA3) that transactivates the expression of several genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing the conversion of loganic acid to the downstream MIAs. In contrast to ORCA3, overexpression of BIS1 was sufficient to boost production of high-value iridoids and MIAs in C. roseus suspension cell cultures. Hence, BIS1 might be a metabolic engineering tool to produce sustainably high-value MIAs in C. roseus plants or cultures.

scholarly journals Expressed sequence tags from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)

FEBS Letters ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 580 (18) ◽  
pp. 4501-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Murata ◽  
Dorothee Bienzle ◽  
Jim E. Brandle ◽  
Christoph W. Sensen ◽  
Vincenzo De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Expressed Sequence

scholarly journals Blackberry and raspberry are alternative resistance sources to fire blight

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozer Calis ◽  
Cetin Cekic ◽  
Serhat Kara ◽  
Demet Celik Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Moderate Susceptibility

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight mainly on pear, apple and quince trees. This bacterial pathogen also infects other Rosaceous plants, such as blackberry and raspberry. A race structure was established between an isolate of E. amylovora and berries using 40 wild blackberry and 7 wild raspberry genotypes. In pathogenicity tests, wild blackberry and raspberry genotypes had three phenotypic reactions: enhanced susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and resistance. We noted a higher bacterial growth of over 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 in plants with enhanced susceptibility, with resistant genotypes showing a bacterial growth of around 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. These results are also associated with symptoms observed at 29 days post-inoculation. This resistance is being evaluated to control fire blight.

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