scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasma Infection in Freesia Plant

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamińska ◽  
H. Sliwa ◽  
L. Startek
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Freesia Hybrida ◽  
Group I ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Disease symptoms including leaf chlorotic and necrotic spots and stripes resembling freesia leaf necrosis (disease of unknown etiology [2]) were observed in freesia (Freesia × hybrida Klatt.) plants (cvs. Aladyn, Blue Lady, Cortine, Gompy, and White Rapid) naturally infected with Freesia mosaic virus (FMV) and grown in the greenhouse in Poland. The aim of this work was to study the association of the leaf symptoms occurring in freesia cultivars with phytoplasma infection and to identify it. To detect the possible presence of phytoplasmas in freesias, plants showing leaf symptoms (five cultivars) and symptomless plants (‘Blue Lady’, ‘Cortine’, and ‘Gompy’) were assayed for the presence of phytoplasma 16S rDNA fragment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For phytoplasma detection samples of young leaves and corms of 15 symptomatic and five symptomless freesias were taken. The samples were collected from the selected plants infected with FMV. In addition, leaf samples from healthy Catharanthus roseus plants and those infected with AKV reference strain of aster yellows (AY) phytoplasma group, subgroup I-B (supplied by W. Jarausch, INRA Bordeaux, France), were included for comparison. The amplification was performed using the universal—rA/fA or R16F1/R0 and group specific—R16(I)F1/R1 phytoplasma primer pairs (1). Phytoplasma identification was accompanied by digestion with AluI and MseI restriction endonucleases and restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the R(I)F1/R1 or rA/fA products. DNA amplification product was observed in all nested PCRs containing template DNA derived from the leaves and corms of all symptomatic as well as symptomless and FMV-affected freesias except symptomless freesia ‘Cortine’. Based on RFLP analysis of PCR products and the comparison of the RFLP patterns with those of the strain AKV of aster yellows phytoplasma group (AY I-B), the associated phytoplasmas were identified as phytoplasma 16S rRNA group I, subgroup B. This work provides the first evidence that freesias examined were naturally infected with aster yellows phytoplasma. Detection of phytoplasma in diseased and symptomless but FMV-affected freesias underlines the need to know the role of this pathogen in the etiology of freesia diseases. References: (1) I.-M. Lee et al. Phytopathology 84:559, 1994. (2) H. J. M van Dorst. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 79:130, 1973.

scholarly journals Detection and identification of a novel 16SrXIII subgroup phytoplasma associated with strawberry red leaf disease in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2741-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco D. Fernández ◽  
Natalia G. Meneguzzi ◽  
Fabiana A. Guzmán ◽  
Daniel S. Kirschbaum ◽  
Vilma C. Conci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Strawberry red leaf phytoplasma was found in strawberry plants from production fields in Lules (Tucumán province) and Bella Vista (Corrientes province), Argentina. Characteristic strawberry red leaf symptoms were stunting, young leaves with yellowing at the edges, mature leaves which curled and were reddish at the abaxial face, flower and fruit deformation and death. The pathogen was detected with phytoplasma-universal primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 as nested primers in 13 diseased plants. Based on RFLP and sequence analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene, the phytoplasma was related to the 16SrXIII group (Mexican periwinkle virescence). In silico the RFLP profile of all the samples analysed revealed the presence of a unique pattern, showing that the novel phytoplasma is different from all the phytoplasmas currently composing the 16SrXIII group. The phylogenetic analysis was consistent with RFLP analysis as the strawberry red leaf phytoplasma was grouped within the 16SrXIII group, but formed a particular cluster. On this basis, the Strawberry red leaf phytoplasma associated with strawberry red leaf disease was assigned to a new subgroup, 16SrXIII-F.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Associated with Aster Yellows-Diseased Potatoes in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cheng ◽  
J. Dong ◽  
P. J. Laski ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
J. H. McBeath
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Reference Pattern ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are one of the most important crops in China following rice, wheat, and corn. Aster yellows phytoplasma appeared to be widespread in China; it was found to cause diseases on alfalfa, oranges, peaches, periwinkles, bamboo (1), and cactus (4). However, scant information of this pathogen on potatoes is available except for a few short reports published during the 1950s. During the potato disease surveys conducted from 2005 to 2010 in Yunnan and Inner Mongolia, 10 to 35% of potato plants exhibited symptoms of yellowing or purpling of apical leaves, with the top leaves rolling inward and aerial tubers formation. Total DNA was extracted from midveins of leaves and roots of 125 diseased and asymptomatic plants with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. A nested PCR was carried out with the first round primer pair P1/P7 followed by the second round primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 (2,3). A PCR product of approximately 1.2 kb was amplified from diseased plants but not from asymptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were analyzed by digesting a 1.2-kb product using restriction enzymes AluI, BfaI, BstUI, HhaI, HpaI, KpnI, MseI, and RsaI. Comparing the RFLP patterns with previously published phytoplasma strains (2), aster yellows phytoplasma found on potato plants in Yunnan and Inner Mongolia belong to group I, subgroup B (16SrI-B). The PCR product from P1/P7, diluted 1:30, was amplified by using primer pair P1A/P7A (3) and P1A/16S-SR (3). The nested-PCR products from P1A/P7A and P1A/16S-SR were cloned into pCR8/GW/TOPO vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and sequenced by the Core Lab of the University of Alaska–Fairbanks and GENEWIZ (South Plainfield, NJ). The nucleotide sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ599228) was analyzed by iPhyClassifier software and had 99.53% sequence identity to the reference strain (GenBank Accession No. M30790) for ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’. The RFLP similarity is identical (coefficient 1.00) to the reference pattern of 16Sr group I, subgroup B (GenBank Accession No. NC_005303). To our knowledge, this is the first report revealing the molecular characteristics of a phytoplasma associated with aster yellows-diseased potatoes in China. References: (1) H. Cai et al. Plant Prot. 31:38, 2005. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:337, 2004. (4) W. Wei et al. Plant Dis. 91:461, 2007.

scholarly journals Identifying Leafhopper Targets for Controlling Aster Yellows in Carrots and Celery

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Stillson ◽  
Zsofia Szendrei
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Species Being

Aster yellows phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is a multi-host plant pathogen and is transmitted by at least 24 leafhopper species. Pathogen management is complex and requires a thorough understanding of vector dynamics. In the American Midwest, aster yellows is of great concern for vegetable farmers who focus on controlling one vector, Macrosteles quadrilineatus—the aster leafhopper. However, vegetable-associated leafhopper communities can be diverse. To investigate whether additional species are important aster yellows vectors, we surveyed leafhopper communities at commercial celery and carrot farms in Michigan from 2018 to 2019 and conducted real-time PCR to determine infection status. Leafhoppers were collected within crop fields and field edges and identified with DNA barcoding. Overall, we collected 5049 leafhoppers, with the most abundant species being M. quadrilineatus (57%) and Empoasca fabae—the potato leafhopper (23%). Our results revealed the most abundant aster yellows vector in Michigan in both crops is M. quadrilineatus, but we also found that E. fabae may be a potential vector for this pathogen. While several taxa reside in and near these crops, we did not find strong evidence that they contribute to phytoplasma infection. These findings indicate that M. quadrilineatus should be the primary target for controlling this pathogen.

scholarly journals First report of aster yellows phytoplasma infection of marigold plants in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Viczián ◽  
Emese Kiss ◽  
Mária Szabó ◽  
Emese Mergenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Aster Yellows ◽  
First Report ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas in Soybean, Alfalfa, and Lupinus sp. in Lithuania

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
R. E. Davis ◽  
L. Antoniuk ◽  
J. Staniulis
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Veinal Necrosis ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Plants of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Dotnuva and of wild Lupinus sp. in Ledakalnis, Lithuania, exhibited symptoms that suggested phytoplasmal infections. Soybean plants were of normal growth habit but exhibited veinal necrosis. Alfalfa and Lupinus plants exhibited stunting, abnormally small leaves, and witches'-broom symptoms. Diseases in the plants were termed soybean veinal necrosis (SVN), alfalfa stunt (AlfS), and Lupinus stunt (LupS), respectively. The presence of phytoplasmas in diseased plants was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of phytoplasma-specific 16S rDNA. A phytoplasma-characteristic 1.2-kbp DNA fragment was amplified from all diseased plants but not from known healthy plants in nested PCRs in which the first DNA amplification was primed by primer pair P1/P7 and reamplification of DNA was primed by primer pair F2n/R2 (2,4). Products from the nested PCR primed by F2n/R2 were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and the RFLP patterns obtained were compared with patterns previously published (1–4). On the basis of AluI, HaeIII, HhaI, HpaI, KpnI, MseI, and RsaI RFLP patterns, the SVN and LupS phytoplasmas were classified in group 16SrIII (peach X-disease phytoplasma group), subgroup B (III-B, type strain clover yellow edge phytoplasma), and the AlfS phytoplasma was classified in group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group), subgroup B (I-B, type strain aster yellows phytoplasma). Nucleotide sequences were determined for 16S rDNA fragments amplified from SVN and AlfS phytoplasmas in nested PCRs primed by F2n/R2. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under Accession nos. AF177383 for SVN and AF177384 for AlfS. Sequence similarity between the 16S rDNAs of SVN and Canadian clover yellow edge (strain CYE-C, GenBank Accession no. AF175304) phytoplasmas was 99.8%; sequence similarity between 16S rDNAs of AlfS and aster yellows (strain SAY, GenBank Accession no. M86340) phytoplasmas was 99.6%. The SVN phytoplasma 16S rDNA shared 100% sequence similarity with a 16S rDNA from the Lithuanian clover yellow edge (CYE-L, GenBank Accession no. AF173558) phytoplasma. The nucleotide sequence data supported the conclusion that the SVN and AlfS phytoplasmas were closely related to strains classified in subgroups III-B and I-B, respectively. Our findings extend the known geographic ranges of phytoplasma subgroups I-B and III-B to northern Europe, including Lithuania, and expand the known plant host ranges of these pathogens. References: (1) R. E. Davis et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:262, 1997. (2) R. Jomantiene et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:269, 1998. (3) R. Jomantiene et al. HortScience 33:1069, 1998. (4) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas Infecting Watercress in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Borth ◽  
R. T. Hamasaki ◽  
D. Ogata ◽  
S. K. Fukuda ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Symptoms of leaf yellowing, reduced leaf size, and witches'-brooms have recently been observed affecting watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum Boen. × Rcbh.) in Hawaii. These symptoms are followed by the collapse of affected plants. This condition has led to 80 to 90% losses for one of the largest watercress farms on Oahu and is now affecting other watercress farms in the area. Nutritional deficiencies or toxicities, water salinity, and insect or mite feeding damage were investigated but could not be implicated in the etiology of this syndrome. Eighteen watercress plants with early yellowing or advanced symptoms and nine symptomless plants were analyzed for phytoplasma infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with primer pairs P1/Tint or P1/P7 (4). Amplicons of the expected sizes were produced from all symptomatic plants, whereas no products were amplified from symptomless plants. Sequence analysis of the cloned PCR products confirmed their phytoplasma origin and indicated that the watercress was infected with a phytoplasma most similar to SAY (2), a severe strain of western aster yellows phytoplasma previously classified as a 16SrI-B group member (3). Leafhoppers collected from an affected watercress planting have been identified as the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Fbs.) This species is the most efficient vector of the aster yellows phytoplasma and had not been previously recorded in Hawaii. The only other phytoplasma disease known in Hawaii prior to this report is Dodonaea yellows (1), which affects one of the most common native plants (Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.) in dry upland forests on all the islands. Dodonaea yellows, however, has been attributed to an X-disease (16SrIII) group phytoplasma. The occurrence of an aster yellows group phytoplasma in watercress, a previously unrecorded host, and the presence of a very efficient vector, M. quadrilineatus, poses a serious threat to the production of other vegetable and floral crops in Hawaii. References: (1) W. Borth et al. Plant Dis. 79:1094, 1995. (2) C. Kuske and B. Kirkpatrick. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:226, 1992. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (4) C. Smart et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996.

scholarly journals First Report of Barley as Host of a Phytoplasma Belonging to Group 16SrI, Subgroup B, and Ribosomal Protein Subgroup rpI-B in Lithuania

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Urbanaviciene ◽  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
R. E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Template Dna ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Numerous diseased plants of barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) exhibiting twisted, abnormally thin and yellowed awns, reduced spikelets, and general stunting and yellowing were observed in fields in the Vilnius and Kaisiadorys regions of Lithuania. The possible association of a phyto-plasma with the disease, termed barley deformation (BaDef), was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three phytoplasma universal primer pairs (P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2, and rpF1/rpR1) (1,2,4) were employed to amplify ribosomal (r) RNA gene (rDNA) and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences. Template DNA extractions and PCR (direct and nested) were conducted as previously described (4). Although DNA was amplified in PCRs containing template extracted from diseased plants, no amplification was observed in PCRs containing DNA from symptomless plants sampled from the same fields. The BaDef phytoplasma was identified and classified according to Lee et al. (4) through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 1.2-kbp 16S rDNA amplified in the PCR primed by primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 and analysis of the 1.2-kbp rp gene sequences amplified in PCR primed by primer pair rpF1/rpR1. On the basis of collective RFLP patterns of amplified 16S rDNA and rp gene sequences, the BaDef phytoplasma was classified as a member of group 16SrI (group I, aster yellows phytoplasma group), subgroup B (16SrI-B), and rp subgroup rpI-B. Ribosomal protein subgroup B was distinguished from other rp subgroups on the basis of the presence of a recognition site for HpaII. The 1.8-kbp rDNA product of PCR primed by P1/P7 and the 1.2-kbp rpF1/rpR1 PCR product were cloned and sequenced, and the sequences were deposited in GenBank under Accession No. AY734453 for the BaDef 16S rDNA and Accession No. AY735448 for the BaDef rp gene sequence. Previously, only oat proliferation (OatP) phytoplasma, a member of subgroup 16SrI-A, had been characterized in a cereal crop (Avena sativa L.) in Europe (3); BaDef is another phytoplasmal disease threatening cereal crops in the region. References: (1) S. Deng and D. Hiruki. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53, 1991. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I. M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) R. Jomantiene et al. Plant Dis. 86:443, 2002. (4) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of a 16SrI (Aster Yellows) Group Phytoplasma on Garlic (Allium sativum) in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mollov ◽  
B. Lockhart ◽  
E. Saalau-Rojas ◽  
C. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

During the growing season of 2012, 35 garlic plant samples were submitted to the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic for disease diagnosis. Samples originated from multiple counties throughout Minnesota as well as Iowa, Wisconsin, and South Dakota. Symptoms first appeared at the time plants were starting to produce scapes. Symptoms included leaf discoloration that varied from yellow to purple, plant stunting, and leaf tip necrosis. In severe cases, the plants wilted and died. Bulbs of affected plants ranged from being soft and small to almost normal-looking. Symptoms were similar to those associated with phytoplasma infection in other plants. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 30 symptomatic samples and five asymptomatic leaf samples using a Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD) according to the manufacturer's instructions, and used with the universal phytoplasma primers P1/P7 in a direct PCR assay, and with P1/AYint in a nested PCR assay (2) to yield amplicons of 1.8 and 1.6 kb, respectively. Asymptomatic plants did not produce amplicons. Garlic cultivars displaying a range of symptoms tested positive for the presence of phytoplasma. These cultivars included: Susanville, Middle Eastern, Music, Ajo Rojo, Spanish Roja, Inchelium Red, Silver White, Asian Tempest, Chesnok Red, and Purple Glazer. The P1/P7 PCR products of 1,830 bp were purified using the PureLink PCR Purification kit (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), and cloned in a pGem T-Easy vector system (Promega, Madison, WI). Sequences from a clone from each of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers KC000005, KC000006, and KC000007, respectively. A BLASTn similarity search revealed that the Wisconsin and Iowa isolates shared 99% homology to the sequences of 16SrI-A group phytoplasmas, aster yellows phytoplasma (AY389827), and aconitum proliferation phytoplasma (AF510323). The Minnesota isolate had 99% sequence homology to a 16SrI-B group phytoplasma, mulberry yellow dwarf phytoplasma (GQ249410). Also, the iPhyClassifier 16Sr group/subgroup classification based on similarity (3) analyses showed that the Wisconsin and Iowa phytoplasma isolates had 16S rDNA sequences in the 16SrI-A group with similarity coefficients of 0.97 and 1.00, respectively, to aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma AYWB (NC_007716). The same analysis revealed that the Minnesota phytoplasma isolate 16S rDNA sequence grouped with the 16SrI-B group onion yellows phytoplasma (NC_005303) with a similarity coefficient of 1.0. A phylogenic tree was deduced by the neighbor joining algorithm, clustering together the Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin isolate sequences with a 16SrI group phytoplasma. Aster yellows phytoplasma has been reported in North America, but only in Canada (1). This is the first documented occurrence of 16SrI aster yellows group phytoplasma in garlic in the United States. The spring of 2012 was unusually warm, and high leafhopper pressure was observed throughout the Midwest; above average numbers of many ornamental crops and small grains were infected with phytoplasma. These events may have contributed to the phytoplasma infection in garlic. References: (1) A. H. Khadhair et al. Microbiol. Res. 157:161, 2002. (2) C. D. Smart et al. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996. (3) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of phytoplasmas infecting apple trees in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cieślińska ◽  
D.E. Kruczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Multiple Alignments ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Reference Strains

During 2010&ndash;2012, samples from 225 apple trees growing in six regions of Poland were tested for phytoplasmas. 16S&nbsp;rRNA gene and 16S-23S spacer region sequences were amplified from total DNAs prepared from phloem tissue of apple shoots. According to the results of PCR-RFLP and sequence analyses, apple trees were infected by Candidatus Phytoplasma mali and Ca. P. asteris. Fragments of 16S rDNA plus 16S-23S spacer region of the Ca. P. mali isolates digested with HpaII enzyme showed two restriction profiles: P-I and P-II. Multiple alignments of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the isolates of Ca. P. mali shared 100% sequence identity among themselves as well as with reference strains AT and AP-15 of apple proliferation phytoplasma. The nucleotide sequence of the same region of <br /> Ca. P. asteris isolates confirmed the phylogenetic relationship with reference strains OAY (MIAY) and AY1 of aster yellows phytoplasma PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal protein (rpl22 and rpS3), secY, and tuf genes did not show the sequence diversity of the isolates of aster yellows phytoplasma. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals The use of high-throughput small RNA sequencing reveals differentially expressed microRNAs in response to aster yellows phytoplasma-infection in Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0182629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius C. Snyman ◽  
Marie-Chrystine Solofoharivelo ◽  
Rose Souza-Richards ◽  
Dirk Stephan ◽  
Shane Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma
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