scholarly journals Origin of the Black Shank Resistance Gene, Ph, in Tobacco Cultivar Coker 371-Gold

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Johnson ◽  
M. F. Wolff ◽  
E. A. Wernsman ◽  
W. R. Atchley ◽  
H. D. Shew
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Transfer

Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar Coker 371-Gold (C 371-G) possesses a dominant gene, Ph, that confers high resistance to black shank disease, caused by race 0 of the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. The origin of this gene is unknown. Breeding lines homozygous for the Ph gene were hybridized with NC 1071 and L8, flue-cured and burley genotypes known to possess qualitative resistance genes from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and N. longiflora, respectively. The F1 hybrids were out-crossed to susceptible testers and the progenies evaluated in field black shank nurseries and in greenhouse disease tests with P. parasitica var. nicotianae race 0. Results showed that Ph was allelic to Php from N. plumbaginifolia in NC 1071. Testcross populations of hybrids between burley lines homozygous for Ph and L8, possessing Phl from N. longiflora, showed that Ph and Phl integrated into the same tobacco chromosome during interspecific transfer. Nevertheless, the two loci were estimated to be 3 cM apart. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of the testcross progenies confirmed that recombination between the two loci was occurring. Forty-eight RAPD markers linked to Ph in doubled haploid lines were used in cluster analyses with multiple accessions of N. longiflora and N. plumbaginifolia, breeding lines L8, NC 1071, and DH92-2770-40, and cultivars K 326, Hicks, and C 371-G. A cladogram or region tree confirmed the data obtained from field and greenhouse trials, that Ph, transferred from C 371-G to DH92-2770-40, and Php in NC 1071 were allelic and originated from N. plumbaginifolia.

scholarly journals Effect of a Chromosome Segment Marked by the Php Gene for Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae on Reproduction of Tobacco Cyst Nematodes

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Johnson ◽  
E. A. Wernsman ◽  
J. A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Chromosome Segment ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tobacco Disease

Host resistance is an important strategy for managing Globodera tabacum subsp. solanacearum and G. tabacum subsp. tabacum, important nematode pests of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in Virginia, and cigar wrapper tobacco (N. tabacum) in Connecticut and Massachusetts, respectively. Field research from 1992 to 2005 evaluated reproduction of G. tabacum subsp. solanacearum on genotypes with and without a chromosome segment from N. plumbaginifolia containing a gene (Php) that conferred resistance to race 0 of Phytophthora nicotianae (causal agent of tobacco black shank). Ratios of G. tabacum subsp. solanacearum eggs/500 cm3 soil at the end versus the beginning of experiments (Pf/Pi) were significantly lower in cultivars and breeding lines possessing the Php-containing chromosome segment from N. plumbaginifolia compared with genotypes without the segment. Numbers of vermiform G. tabacum subsp. solanacearum juveniles in roots were similar among genotypes but numbers of swollen and pyriform nematodes were significantly lower for the known G. tabacum subsp. solanacearum resistant cv. NC 567 and in genotypes possessing the Php gene compared with genotypes and cultivars without the gene. In a 2003 greenhouse test, the percentage of plants with visible G. tabacum subsp. tabacum cysts was also significantly lower for parental and progeny genotypes homozygous and heterozygous, respectively, for Php compared with similar lines without the gene. These results indicate a close linkage or association between a likely single, dominant gene (Php) for resistance to P. nicotianae and suppressed reproduction by G. tabacum subsp. solanacearum and G. tabacum subsp. tabacum. Further research to accurately elucidate the relationships among these genes could lead to significant improvements in tobacco disease control.

scholarly journals RAPD Variation among Salt-selected and Nonselected Buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] Clones

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 878E-878
Author(s):  
S.D. Reid ◽  
M. Ali-Ahmad ◽  
H.G. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Template Dna ◽  
Genomic Template

The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers has been shown to be a potentially useful technique for identifying buffalograss breeding lines. Analysis of RAPD markers has also revealed considerable variation within, as well as among, each of four natural buffalograss populations surveyed. Identification of genetic markers for quantitative traits, such as physiological components of tolerance to salt stress, can provide important information for plant improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to develop DNA fingerprints for buffalograss clones selected from an in vitro seedling screening program for survival at high NaCI (200–250 mM) levels, identify markers for future analysis, and assess the variability among the lines. DNA was extracted from leaves of 10 salt-selected and 15 non-selected buffalograss clones. Fifty-two 10-mer primers were screened for ability to produce bands with DNA from four clones as visualized on ethidium-stained agarose gels. Bands were most reproducible with a genomic template DNA concentration of 1 ng–μl–1 reaction volume. Primers selected for ability to produce a moderate number of clear bands were used to produce RAPD profiles of the 25 clones. Abundant polymorphism to distinguish among clones was found. Four primers produced a total of 45 polymorphic markers. The primer 5′-CGGAGAGCCC-3′ produced 11 readily scored markers, allowing identification in 94.67% of pair-wise comparisons. As a group, RAPD profiles of salt-selected clones are more variable than non-selected clones from the same population; however, no unique pattern of markers generated by primers screened to date differentiates all salt-selected clones from the non-selected group.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO BLACK SHANK IN NICOTIANA TABACUM L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Collins ◽  
Paul D. Legg ◽  
C. C. Litton ◽  
M. J. Kasperbauer
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Resistant Progeny

Resistance to race 0 of black shank (Phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae) derived from Nicotians longiflora Cav. and transferred to the burley tobacco breeding line L8 appears to be conditioned by a single dominant gene. However, on the basis of expected ratios for a single dominant gene, a deficiency of resistant progeny was observed in the F2 and backcross generations. Haploid plants extracted from F1 individuals heterozygous for black shank resistance substantiated the deficiency in the resistance class. The haploid segregation with reduced recovery of the resistant genotype rules out preferential pollination as the cause for the altered ratios. The mechanism responsible for impaired function of the gamete carrying the allele for resistance is not known.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Race 0 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae from the Flue-Cured Tobacco Cultivar Coker 371-Gold

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Carlson ◽  
Mary Anne F. Wolff ◽  
H. D. Shew ◽  
E. A. Wernsman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a widespread and severe disease of tobacco throughout the southeastern United States. Partial resistance derived from the cigar tobacco cultivar Florida 301 has been the primary means of reducing losses to the disease for many years. The recently released tobacco cultivar, Coker 371-Gold (C 371-G), was found to provide an additional source of resistance to P. parasitica var. nicotianae. Although the resistance in C 371-G is being used widely by breeders, the origin and inheritance of this resistance mechanism was unknown. Two populations of doubled haploid lines derived from C 371-G were used to determine that C 371-G possesses a single, dominant gene designated Ph, which confers a very high level of resistance to race 0 of P. parasitica var. nicotianae. A greenhouse inoculation procedure was developed that provided an efficient means of screening for the presence of this resistance gene prior to selection in the field, and confirmed that Ph provides complete resistance to race 0 but no resistance to race 1 of P. parasitica var. nicotianae. Because Florida 301 resistance is effective against both races of the pathogen that occur in the major tobacco growing areas of the United States, combination of these two sources of resistance should provide enhanced protection of new tobacco cultivars to P. parasitica var. nicotianae.

scholarly journals RAPD Markers Flanking the Are Gene for Anthracnose Resistance in Common Bean

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Young ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Decamer Primer ◽  
Potential Damage

Incorporation of the dominant gene Are, of Middle American origin, into commercial cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L., has been the main disease control strategy of plant breeders to limit the potential damage of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus.) Lams.-Scrib. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker designated OQ41440, generated by a 5′-AGTGCGCTGA-3′ decamer primer, was found tightly linked in coupling with the Are gene. OQ41440 mapped at 2.0 ± 1.4 centimorgans (cM) from the Are allele in the Andean genetic background and at 5.5 ± 2.3 CM in the Middle American background. A second coupling phase RAPD marker B3551000, generated by the 5′-GTATGGGGCT 3′ primer mapped at 5.4 ± 2.3 cM from the Are allele in the Andean genetic background and at 7.7 ± 2.7 CM in the Middle American background. Based on a recombination distance of 7.0 ± 1.9 cM between the two markers, OQ41440 and B3551000 RAPDs appear to flank the Are gene. The bracketing molecular markers allowed tagging of the Are allele with a selection fidelity of 99%. Use of the OQ41440 and B3551000 RAPD markers for marker-based selection will afford the opportunity to retain the Are anthracnose resistance gene in bean germplasm, as other epistatic resistance genes are characterized, and incorporated into contemporary bean cultivars.

scholarly journals Identifying Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] Cultivar Breeding Lines Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Dna Extraction Methods

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RAPD fragments are potentially useful methods for identifying turfgrass cultivar breeding lines. RAPD markers were studied in 25 vegetatively propagated buffalograss lines using oligonucleotide random primers and agarose-gel electrophoresis to determine their potential for identifying cultivar breeding lines. The variation of RAPD markers was extensive. The RAPD markers produced by one random primer were sufficient to separate the 25 buffalograss lines. Cluster analysis baaed on' the RAPD markers produced by two random primers revealed that the 25 buffalograss lines generally fell into two groups: diploid and hexaploid. Three DNA extraction methods—sarcosyl lysis-chloroform extraction-isopropanol precipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysine-isopropanol precipitation, and boiling in the presence of Chelex-100 resin—and fresh or oven-dried tissues were tested for reproducibility of RAPD markers. The three DNA extraction methods, using dry or fresh plant tissues, produced highly comparable RAPD marker profiles. More than 80%1 of the RAPD markers was consistently detected in six replicate analyses. The above studies demonstrate that small quantities (5 mg) of oven-dried leaf tissue and several DNA extraction methods can be used for buffalograss fingerprint studies.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers Linked to a Major Gene (Cr2) for Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Rich S. Hunt ◽  
Arezoo Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine

DNA markers tightly linked to resistance (R) genes provide a very powerful tool for both marker-assisted selection in plant breeding and positional cloning of R genes. In the present study, a linkage of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to the single dominant gene (Cr2) for resistance to white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) was investigated in western white pine (Pinus monticola). A mapping population of 128 individual megagametophytes was generated from seeds of a heterozygous resistant tree (Cr2/cr2), and the corresponding seedlings of each megagametophyte were subjected to the test of phenotype segregation by inoculation with C. ribicola. Bulked segregant analysis and haploid segregation analysis identified eight robust RAPD markers linked to Cr2. This constitutes the first Cr2 genetic linkage map spanning 84.7 cM with four markers only 3.2 cM from Cr2. One sequence (U256-1385) of these linked markers was significantly similar to the Ty3/gypsy-like long terminal direct repeats retrotransposons. Another marker, U570-843, had no significant similarity to any entry in either GenBank or the loblolly genomics data bank. As presumed that the average physical distance per centimorgan is about 10 Mb in P. monticola, it is probably unrealistic to use these DNA markers for positional cloning of the Cr2 gene.

scholarly journals Mapping of the Frl Locus Conferring Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici(FORL) in Tomato and Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to a New Source of Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449E-450
Author(s):  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Mikel R. Stevens ◽  
John W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Inoculation Procedure ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Segregating Population

Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). A single dominant gene (Frl) derived from L. peruvianum L. (Mill.) was previously identified as a useful source of resistance to FORL. The objective of this research was to identify molecular markers linked to Frl and RAPD markers linked to a new source of resistance to FORL being developed from L. pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy accession LA1277. The DNAs of resistant (Frl) and susceptible breeding lines were screened for polymorphisms using 1200 RAPD primers. Of these, only 104 yielded polymorphisms between the resistant and susceptible lines. These polymorphisms were then tested on four additional tomato lines homozygous for Frl and an additional pair of near-isogenic lines developed by Dr. Laterrot. Only 13 primers still produced consistent polymorphisms between all resistant and susceptible lines. Four of these polymorphisms (RAPD 116, 194, 405, 655) were determined to be linked to Frl in an F5 segregating population using an inoculation procedure devised to clearly differentiate susceptible and resistant plants. The linkage between ah and Frl reported by Laterrot [Laterrot and Moretti Tomato Genet. Coop. Rep. 45:29 (1995)] places Frl on the long arm of chromosome 9 of the tomato genome. The parent lines were also tested with a sequence tagged site (STS) of TG101, which is tightly linked to Tm2a [Young et al., Genetics 120:579-585 (1988)] and yielded polymorphic codominant bands. This STS was also tested on the F5 segregating population and it cosegregated with the resistance and with the RAPD markers. Breeding of the second source of resistance is still in progress. The DNAs of 30 resistant BC1F5 plants derived from LA1277 were bulked and compared to the recurrent susceptible parent DNA using 800 RAPD primers. Of the 800 RAPD primers, 72 yielded consistent polymorphisms. None of the 72 primers were found to produce polymorphisms similar to those identified from the analysis of Frl, thus suggesting the possibility different genetic control being involved with FORL resistance from LA1277.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of PcDw Determining Pear Dwarf Trait

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Yike Tian ◽  
Emily J. Buck ◽  
Susan E. Gardiner ◽  
Hongyi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Simple Sequence

European pear (Pyrus communis) ‘Aihuali’ carrying the dwarf character originating from ‘Nain Vert’ was crossed with ‘Chili’ (Pyrus bretschneideri). A total of 352 F1 progenies was produced to investigate the inheritance of the dwarf trait, and 111 of these were used to develop molecular markers. Chi-square analysis showed that the character fitted a 1:1 ratio indicative of a single dominant gene, which we have named PcDw. Using a bulked segregant analysis approach with 500 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 51 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis) and apple (Malus ×domestica), four markers were identified as cosegregating with the dwarf character. Two of these were fragments produced by the S1212 and S1172 RAPD primers, and the other two were the pear SSR markers KA14 and TsuENH022. The RAPD markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) and designated S1212-SCAR318 and S1172-SCAR930 and, with the SSR markers KA14 and TsuENH022, were positioned 5.9, 9.5, 8.2, and 0.9 cM from the PcDw gene, respectively. Mapping of the KA14 and TsuENH022 markers enabled the location of the PcDw gene on LG 16 of the pear genetic linkage map.

scholarly journals Using RAPD Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in Brassica Germplasm and Chinese Breeding Lines

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 840C-840
Author(s):  
Anfu Hou ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Dna Assay ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Average Similarity

Molecular DNA markers based on the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) assay are gaining use in germplasm assessment. RAPD markers are simple, relatively inexpensive, and highly informative. We used five primers to assess 26 Brassica oleracea breeding lines from the IVF and nine accessions from the PGRU. The test array included eight subspecies of B. oleracea. We generated 90 RAPD markers and were able to unambiguously discriminate among all 35 test entries, but could not separate subspecies within B. oleracea. Genetic similarity between subspecies ranged from 0.629 to 0.738. Average similarity within accessions was 0.96, confirming the suspected homogeneity of breeding lines. Nevertheless, significant genetic diversity was found among kohlrabi, broccoli, and cabbage accessions. Similarity analysis of breeding lines and hybrids confirmed their pedigree relationships. Interestingly, B. o. subsp. costata `Couve Nabica' showed closer similarity to B. napus subsp. oleifera `Jet Neuf' than to other B. o. materials and B. o. subsp. italica `Packman' showed higher similarity to some cabbages than to other broccolis. Results provide further evidence that diversity assessment using RAPDs is broadly applicable and useful in germplasm conservation and utilization.

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