scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Carmo-like Virus from Calibrachoa Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Liu ◽  
J. L. Sears ◽  
R. H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Spherical virus particles approximately 29 to 31 nm in diameter were isolated from Calibrachoa plants showing leaf mottling and chlorotic blotch symptoms. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. capitatum, C. quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. clevelandii plants, but was not transmitted by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), silverleaf whitefly (B. argentifolii), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium), or banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea). Virions contained a single species of single-stranded RNA of approximately 4.0 kb and a single capsid protein of approximately 41 kDa. The double-stranded (ds)RNA pattern consistently revealed one major band of about 4.0 kbp, and three minor dsRNA of approximately 3.1, 1.6, and 1.3 kbp. The virus-infected plants reacted with a homologous polyclonal antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The genome contained a sequence of a highly conserved motif of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase associated with the genus Carmovirus, and shared 94% identity with Carnation mottle virus (CarMV). However, the Calibrachoa virus and CarMV were distinct serologically and in host range. Based on the host ranges, particle morphology, dsRNA profile, properties of particles in sap, and features of the genome and protein, we concluded that the recently observed Calibrachoa disease is caused by a previously undescribed carmovirus on Calibrachoa plants. We propose to name this virus Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV).

scholarly journals Occurrence of Chilli veinal mottle virus in Solanum aethiopicum in Tanzania

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nono-Womdim ◽  
I. S. Swai ◽  
M. L. Chadha ◽  
K. Gebre-Selassie ◽  
G. Marchoux
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

African eggplant, or garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) is an important vegetable in most sub-Saharan African countries. Since June 1997, viral symptoms, including mosaic, vein clearing, and stunting, have been observed on several crops of African eggplant cv. Tengeru White at a number of sites in the Arusha region of northern Tanzania. Field inspections revealed disease incidence ranging from 50 to 90%. During the same period, high populations of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae were observed in affected crops of African eggplant. These aphids were also found to reproduce in African eggplants. Flexuous, rodshaped virus-like particles, approximately 750 nm long and 12 nm wide, were found in electron microscope leaf dips from field samples of naturally affected African eggplants. The particle size suggested a species of Potyviridae. Thus, 20 field-infected samples of S. aethiopicum (randomly collected from four farms) were assayed in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), known to infect tomato and other solanaceous crops in the region (2). However, all samples gave negative results. Further DAS-ELISA were performed with the same extracts from naturally infected plants of S. aethiopicum with antisera directed against Tobacco etch virus, Tobacco vein mottling virus, Pepper mottle virus, and Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV). All 20 samples were positive only for ChiVMV. ChiVMV, a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by several aphid species, is one of the most important viruses of pepper in Asia (1). To confirm DAS-ELISA results, an isolate of ChiVMV from African eggplant was transmitted by mechanical inoculations, resulting in disease on tobacco (Nicotiana tobacco cv. Xanthi nc), pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Yolo Wonder), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Tengeru 97), and African eggplant (S. aethiopicum cv. Tengeru White). Extracts from the inoculated plants tested positive for the presence of ChiVMV in DAS-ELISA. This mechanically transmitted isolate did not infect melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (C. sativus), or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), which are nonhosts of ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of ChiVMV in African eggplant. References: (1) S. K. Green et al. PETRIA 9:332, 1999. (2) R. Nono-Womdim et al. J. S. Afr. Soc. Hort. Sci. 6:41–44, 1996.

scholarly journals First Report of Parietaria mottle virus on Tomato in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aramburu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Plant Pathol

During spring 2001, plants of different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars grown in several commercial fields in the eastern Catalonia Region of Spain had fruit with brown patches and young leaves with rings and a bright necrotic mosaic that progressed to stem necrosis of the apex, which might die and later develop new symptomless shoots. The symptoms were similar to those of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Sap of tomato sample R1 (in buffered saline [0.02 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl at pH 7.2, containing 0.2% 2-mercaptoethanol]) was infective to Cucumis sativus (local necrosis), tomato cv. Marmande (systemic infection consisting of chlorotic local lesions and necrotic mosaic), Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana (chlorosis and rosetting), and Chenopodium quinoa (chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle, and leaf distortion). The sap was not infective to N. glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi, Datura stramonium, or Gomphrena globosa. The host range data indicated that the infective agent in sample R1 could be Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) (1). Symptomatic plants inoculated in a greenhouse with the R1 isolate and symptomatic from tomato plants from the field were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and had minimum ELISA values at least 10-fold higher than healthy controls, using a polyclonal antiserum (provided by P. Roggero) of a tomato strain of PMoV denoted tomato virus 1 (2). The R1 isolate of PMoV was negative in ELISA when analyzed with commercial antisera to TSWV, CMV, Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Potato Y virus, Tobacco etch virus, Pelargonium zonate spot virus, and Tobacco streak virus. References: (1) P. Caciagli et al. Plant Pathol. 38:577, 1989. (2) P. Roggero et al. J. Plant Pathol. 82:159, 2000.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Sweetpotato viruses and their implication on sweetpotato seed system in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard Mbewe ◽  
Andrew Mtonga ◽  
Margret Chiipanthenga ◽  
Kennedy Masamba ◽  
Gloria Chitedze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Membrane Enzyme ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Clean Seed

AbstractA survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and its implication on the sustainability of clean seed system in Malawi. A total of 166 leaf samples were collected and tested for the presence of 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms were observed in 68.42% of the surveyed districts. There were significant variations in disease incidence and severity (p < 0.001) among districts, with the highest incidence in Mulanje (28.34%). Average SPVD severity score was 3.05. NCM-ELISA detected sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, 30.54%), sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV, 31.14%), sweet potato mild speckling virus (SPMSV, 16.17%), sweet potato C-6 virus (SPC6V, 13.77%), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV, 22.16%), sweet potato collusive virus (SPCV, 30.54%), sweet potato virus G (SPVG, 11.38%), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, 7.78%) either in single or mixed infections. Data from this study indicate a significant SPVD occurrence in the country, and the consequence implications towards national sweetpotato seed system.

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of High Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) in Cultivars of Two Cultivated Rice Species

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Ndjiondjop ◽  
L. Albar ◽  
D. Fargette ◽  
C. Fauquet ◽  
A. Ghesquière
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus ◽  
Recessive Resistance ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Recessive Resistance Gene ◽  
Yellow Mottle

Three cultivars of Oryza sativa (IR64, Azucena, and Gigante) and four cultivars of O. glaberrima (Tog5681, Tog5673, CG14, and SG329) were evaluated for their resistance to two isolates of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and symptomatology. Cultivars Tog5681 and Gigante were highly resistant, and no symptoms were observed when either virus isolate was inoculated at 10 or 20 days postgermination and assayed by ELISA at 7, 14, 22, 35, 50, or 64 days postinoculation. Azucena showed a partial resistance, whereas the other cultivars were susceptible. Symptom appearance was associated with increase in ELISA absorbance in the systemically infected leaves. The best discrimination among the cultivars occurred when the plants were inoculated at 10 days postgermination. Crosses were made between the highly resistant (Gigante and Tog5681) and the susceptible (IR64) cultivars to determine the genetic basis of resistance to RYMV. Evaluation of F1 hybrids and interspecific progenies, as well as the segregation of resistance in F2 and F3 lines of the IR64 × Gigante cross, provided results consistent with the presence of a single recessive resistance gene common to Tog5681 and Gigante.

scholarly journals First Report of an Isolate of Pelargonium zonate spot virus in Commercial Glasshouse Tomato Crops in Southeastern France

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gebre-Selassie ◽  
B. Delecolle ◽  
P. Gognalons ◽  
O. Dufour ◽  
C. Gros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

In summer 2000, symptoms similar to Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) were observed for the first time on tomato plants in southeastern France. The plants were from commercial glasshouse fresh-market crops. Symptoms observed were chlorotic mottling with bright yellow distinct rings on leaves and curved line patterns on stems. Fruit symptoms included chlorotic and necrotic spotting, marked concentric ring patterns, and distortions. Diagnosis was made from symptomatic leaves and fruits by mechanical inoculation on a set of host plants. Local chlorotic and necrotic lesions were observed on Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativus cv. Marketer, Cucumis melo cv. Vedrantais, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto, Vicia faba cv. D'Aguadulce, Vigna unguiculata cv. Black Eye, and systemic symptoms were observed on Capsicum annuum cvs. Yolo Wonder, Yolo Y, Florida VR2, and Criollo de Morelos 334, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum cvs. Momor and Stevens, L. hirsutum (PI 134417 and PI 247087), Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc, Ocimum basilicum cv. Latino, Petunia hybrida cv. Rose du ciel, and Physalis floridana. No reaction was observed on Pisum sativum cv. Douce Provence, Salvia splendens cv. Etna, or Zinnia elegans cv. Liliput. Symptoms on tomato of PZSV, Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are similar, particularly those elicited in fruits. Therefore, the field samples were checked using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against antisera of the type-strain of PZSV and tomato strain of PMoV and their homologous antigenes, which were supplied by D. Gallitelli and P. Roggero respectively, and our antiserum of TSWV. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations from leaves of tomato and D. stramonium showed that the sap contained very few paraspheric shaped particles, 26 to 29 nm in diameter. Three isolates collected from two different regions (Vaucluse and Bouches du Rhône) showed a very close serological relationship with the Italian type-strain of PZSV and tested negative against antisera of PMoV and TSWV. The French isolates were biologically different from the type-strain, but were similar to the Spanish strain of PZSV because they infected D. stramonium, N. benthamiana, O. basilicum, and V. unguiculata (2). Moreover, in transverse tissue sections, virions were not observed in the nucleus and tubular structures, unlike the Italian isolates, (1) but were present in the cytoplasm and particularly in the mesophyll cells. There are only a few records of the occurrence and distribution of PZSV in Mediterranean countries. References: (1) M. A Castellano and G. P Martelli. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 20:64, 1981. (2) M. Luis-Arteaga. Plant Dis. 84:807, 2000.

scholarly journals Strawberry latent ringspot virus Infecting Roses in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulshrestha ◽  
V. Hallan ◽  
G. Raikhy ◽  
R. Ram ◽  
A. A. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rose is an economically important crop of India and the world. A survey of rose plantations in and near the Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India, showed virus-like symptoms, including yellow flecking in young leaves and reduction in leaflet size, while some were symptomless. These symptoms are similar to those for Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) (1). Sap inoculation from symptomatic and some symptomless leaves to Chenopodium amaranticolor resulted in chlorotic local lesions followed by systemic chlorosis. SLRSV was detected in this indicator host and six rose cultivars (Happiness, Iceberg, First Prize, Ganga, Pink Panther, and Oklahoma) showing characteristic symptoms of SLRSV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with ELISA kit (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed with SLRSV-specific primers (2), and a product of the expected size of ˜181 bp was amplified. The authenticity of the fragment was confirmed by sequencing. Isolated SLRSV was also inoculated to seed-grown rose seedlings and after 20 days postinoculation the same symptoms (yellow flecking in young leaves) were observed. These results established the identity of the virus that caused yellow flecking on rose leaves in India as SLRSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLRSV infecting rose in India. References: (1) A. F. Murant. Strawberry latent ringspot virus. No. 126 in: Description of Plant Viruses, CMI/AAB, Surrey, U.K., 1974. (2) E. Bertolini et al. J. Virol. Methods 96:33, 2001.

scholarly journals Investigations on ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler flocks in elazig province located in the east of turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ozbey ◽  
H. Ongor ◽  
D. T Balik ◽  
V. Celik ◽  
A. Kilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

In the present study, lung, trachea and serum samples from broiler flocks slaughtered at an abattoir in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey were examined for the presence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale using culture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The identity was latter proved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. A total of 324 serum and 250 lung and trachea samples were collected from 10 commercially reared chicken flocks showing respiratory manifestations. The samples were obtained from different flocks. The causative agent (ORT) was isolated from trachea (1.5%) of five chickens and from both lung and trachea (0.4%) of only one chicken in the bacteriological examination of tissues. The presence of antibodies against ORT was detected in 33 (10.2%) of the 324 sera by ELISA. A 784 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using specific primers in the PCR. All ORT isolates that were positive by culture were also detected to be positive by the PCR. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of whole cell extracts showed a high similarity for all the isolates with a major band of the molecular weight of 33&nbsp;kDa (kiloDalton). Results of Western blot analysis indicate four antigenic fractions predominantly with molecular weights of 33, 42, 52 and 66 kDa.

A Comparison of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western Blotting for Detection of Peanut Mottle Virus and Peanut Stripe Virus1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sherwood ◽  
H. A. Melouk
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Peanut Stripe Virus ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Western blotting was used to detect infections of peanut cv. Tamnut 74 with peanut mottle virus (PMV) and/or peanut stripe virus (PStV). Leaf samples were ground in electrophoresis sample buffer and heated for 5 min at 95 C prior to electrophoresis in 12% polyacrylamide gels. After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose sheets at 100V for 45 min. Western blots were performed by first blocking unbound sites on the nitrocellulose with 5% non-fat dry milk in Tris-buffered saline (TBS), pH 7.4 for 30 min, followed by incubation in a 1/200 dilution of PMV and/or PStV antiserum in TBS (the latter antiserum provided by J. W. Demski, U. of GA) for 45 min. This was followed by incubation in protein-A-peroxidase (2 μg/mL in TBS) for 45 min, followed by 4-chloro-1-napthol plus hydrogen peroxide in TBS. As little as 25 ng of either purified PMV or PStV was detected. This was similar to the limits of detection fo the double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Because of the difference in migration of the coat proteins of PMV and PStV, both viruses may be detected in plants infected with PMV and PStV. This assay can be performed in approximately 6 h when mini-gels are used for the initial electrophoretic seperation and does not require the antiserum to be fractionated or bound to an enzyme as is the case with ELISA.

Enzyme-Linked Immunofiltration Assay To Estimate Attachment of Thiobacilli to Pyrite

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2937-2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Antoinette Dziurla ◽  
Wafa Achouak ◽  
Bach-Tuyet Lam ◽  
Thierry Heulin ◽  
Jacques Berthelin
Keyword(s):  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Coverage Ratio

ABSTRACT An enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (ELIFA) has been developed in order to estimate directly and specifically Thiobacillus ferrooxidans attachment on sulfide minerals. This method derives from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but is performed on filtration membranes which allow the retention of mineral particles for a subsequent immunoenzymatic reaction in microtiter plates. The polyclonal antiserum used in this study was raised againstT. ferrooxidans DSM 583 and recognized cell surface antigens present on bacteria belonging to the genusThiobacillus. This antiserum and the ELIFA allowed the direct quantification of attached bacteria with high sensitivity (104 bacteria were detected per well of the microtiter plate). The mean value of bacterial attachment has been estimated to be about 105 bacteria mg−1 of pyrite at a particle size of 56 to 65 μm. The geometric coverage ratio of pyrite by T. ferrooxidans ranged from 0.25 to 2.25%. This suggests an attachment of T. ferrooxidans on the pyrite surface to well-defined limited sites with specific electrochemical or surface properties. ELIFA was shown to be compatible with the measurement of variable levels of adhesion. Therefore, this method may be used to establish adhesion isotherms of T. ferrooxidans on various sulfide minerals exhibiting different physicochemical properties in order to understand the mechanisms of bacterial interaction with mineral surfaces.

scholarly journals Effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus and their co-infection on sweet potato yield in Western Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
E. B. Tibiri ◽  
K. Somé ◽  
J. S. Pita ◽  
F. Tiendrébéogo ◽  
M. Bangratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

AbstractTo determine the effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and their co-infection on sweet potato yield, twelve sweet potato varieties were assessed in a hotspot area in Western Burkina Faso. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete-block design with the twelve varieties in three replications. Data were collected on plant growth parameters, plant virus symptoms and yield parameters. Additional testing for selected sweet potato viruses was done using a nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA) and RT-PCR. SPFMV and SPCSV were the viruses detected in this study. Varieties Djakani and Ligri were virus-free and had the highest average yields out of twelve sweet potato varieties assessed. Field monitoring indicated that 58% of plants were found to be virus-infected. The results suggest that severe symptoms were associated with sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) and yield reduction. However, the interaction of SPCSV with other viruses, which may result in synergistic negative effects on sweet potato yield and quality, needs further research.

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