scholarly journals Occurrence of Chilli veinal mottle virus in Solanum aethiopicum in Tanzania

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nono-Womdim ◽  
I. S. Swai ◽  
M. L. Chadha ◽  
K. Gebre-Selassie ◽  
G. Marchoux
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

African eggplant, or garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) is an important vegetable in most sub-Saharan African countries. Since June 1997, viral symptoms, including mosaic, vein clearing, and stunting, have been observed on several crops of African eggplant cv. Tengeru White at a number of sites in the Arusha region of northern Tanzania. Field inspections revealed disease incidence ranging from 50 to 90%. During the same period, high populations of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae were observed in affected crops of African eggplant. These aphids were also found to reproduce in African eggplants. Flexuous, rodshaped virus-like particles, approximately 750 nm long and 12 nm wide, were found in electron microscope leaf dips from field samples of naturally affected African eggplants. The particle size suggested a species of Potyviridae. Thus, 20 field-infected samples of S. aethiopicum (randomly collected from four farms) were assayed in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), known to infect tomato and other solanaceous crops in the region (2). However, all samples gave negative results. Further DAS-ELISA were performed with the same extracts from naturally infected plants of S. aethiopicum with antisera directed against Tobacco etch virus, Tobacco vein mottling virus, Pepper mottle virus, and Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV). All 20 samples were positive only for ChiVMV. ChiVMV, a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by several aphid species, is one of the most important viruses of pepper in Asia (1). To confirm DAS-ELISA results, an isolate of ChiVMV from African eggplant was transmitted by mechanical inoculations, resulting in disease on tobacco (Nicotiana tobacco cv. Xanthi nc), pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Yolo Wonder), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Tengeru 97), and African eggplant (S. aethiopicum cv. Tengeru White). Extracts from the inoculated plants tested positive for the presence of ChiVMV in DAS-ELISA. This mechanically transmitted isolate did not infect melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (C. sativus), or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), which are nonhosts of ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of ChiVMV in African eggplant. References: (1) S. K. Green et al. PETRIA 9:332, 1999. (2) R. Nono-Womdim et al. J. S. Afr. Soc. Hort. Sci. 6:41–44, 1996.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR CABAI TERHADAP CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS DAN CHILLI VEINAL MOTTLE VIRUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Sriani Sujiprihati ◽  
Gede Suastika ◽  
Sientje Mandang Sumaraw
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

Resistance Evaluation of Chillipepper Cultivars for Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus.  The use of resistance culivars is an important strategy for management of virus infection in chillipepper. A research was undergone to study the effect of single and mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV on the disease incidence and on the growth and yield of nine chillipepper cultivars, i.e. Cilibangi 4, Cilibangi 5, Cilibangi 6, Helem, Jatilaba, Tit Bulat, Tit Segitiga, Tit Super and Tampar. Mechanical inoculation was conducted to transmit the virus. Infection of the virus was then confirmed with DAS-ELISA.  In general, inoculated chillipepper cultivars developed similar symptoms, i.e. mosaic type for CMV and mottle type for ChiVMV.  More severe symptom was not always observed from mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV. Disease incidence occurred in the range of 16.67 – 86.0% and this caused 18.3 – 98.6% yield loss.  Based on symptom expression, ELISA result, and reduction on yield, it can be concluded that all chillipepper cultivars used in this study could not hold up the virus infection. However, several cultivars showed tolerance response :  Jatilaba, Tit Super, and Tampar for CMV; Cilibangi 4 for ChiVMV; Tit Super for mix infection; and Cilibangi 5 for CMV, ChiVMV, and mix infection.  Further evaluation and investigation involving different chillipepper cultivars should be conducted.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Sweetpotato viruses and their implication on sweetpotato seed system in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard Mbewe ◽  
Andrew Mtonga ◽  
Margret Chiipanthenga ◽  
Kennedy Masamba ◽  
Gloria Chitedze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Membrane Enzyme ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Clean Seed

AbstractA survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and its implication on the sustainability of clean seed system in Malawi. A total of 166 leaf samples were collected and tested for the presence of 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms were observed in 68.42% of the surveyed districts. There were significant variations in disease incidence and severity (p < 0.001) among districts, with the highest incidence in Mulanje (28.34%). Average SPVD severity score was 3.05. NCM-ELISA detected sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, 30.54%), sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV, 31.14%), sweet potato mild speckling virus (SPMSV, 16.17%), sweet potato C-6 virus (SPC6V, 13.77%), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV, 22.16%), sweet potato collusive virus (SPCV, 30.54%), sweet potato virus G (SPVG, 11.38%), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, 7.78%) either in single or mixed infections. Data from this study indicate a significant SPVD occurrence in the country, and the consequence implications towards national sweetpotato seed system.

scholarly journals METODE PENAPISAN CABAI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP CHILLI VEINAL MOTTLE VIRUS (Chi VMV) DAN CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Latifah Latifah ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Sriani Sujiprihati
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Screening Method for Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus  (Chi VMV) and Cucumber Mosaic Virus  (CMV) Resistance in Chillipepper.  ChiVMV and CMV have been reported as the causal agents of main diseases in chillipepper in Indonesia and other Asian countries.  Mix infection of this two viruses was commonly occurred in the field, causing severe disease .  The use of resistance varieties has been proposed for dealing with the yield losses causing by  the viruses.  Breeding program is undergoing for development of chillipepper varieties resistant to ChiVMV and CMV.  Methodology for routine screening activity of chillipepper for resistance to both ChiVMV and CMV needs to be established. This research was conducted in Cikabayan Glass House and Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University from May 2006 to June 2007. Aim of the research was to develop screening method for simultaneous infection by the two viruses, ChiVMV and CMV.  Inoculation of ChiVMV and CMV was done by single inoculation or repetitive inoculation methods.  In both methods, ChiVMV and CMV were inoculated in different sequences, either ChiVMV or CMV first.  The result showed that incubation period was shorter when CMV was inoculated in advance both in single and repetitive inoculation method.  Mosaic, mottle and malformation type symptom was observed in infected plants. Based on disease incidence, infection of ChiVMV was higher compared to CMV in repetitive inoculation as well as in single inoculation.  Repetitive inoculation methods with virus sequence ChiVMV-CMV-ChiVMV-CMV  was selected for resistance evaluation of chillipepper genotypes.

scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Chilli veinal mottle virus on Capsicum chinense in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
S. Niu ◽  
M. Peng ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

An outbreak of a viral disease on chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacp. cv. Yellow Lantern) occurred in Hainan Province, China during 2003 and 2004. The disease was prevalent in five chili-producing counties surveyed. Leaves of infected plants initially displayed symptoms of dark green banding along veins and later became distorted with striking mosaic. Infected plants had reduced flower numbers and fruit set, resulting in a significant yield loss. The causative virus was characterized and identified as Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) (3). An isolate of the virus was obtained via three single lesion passages through Chenopodium amaranticolor and was shown to reproduce the same symptoms on inoculated C. chinense cv. Yellow Lantern. Negative staining of crude extracts of the infected tissue and subsequent electron microscopy revealed flexuous rods of 12 to 13 × 750 nm, typical of a potyvirus. Pinwheel-like inclusion bodies were abundant in thin sections of infected leaves. Purified virus preparations contained one major protein of 32.8 kDa and one minor protein of 28 kDa when fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both of these protein bands were excised and subsequently analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Multiple peptide fragments from both proteins were identified as arising from ChiVMV capsid protein (CP) (1,2). Therefore, the 32.8-kDa protein is the full-length ChiVMV CP and the 28-kDa protein is presumably a degradation product of the CP. The combined biological and molecular data provided strong evidence that the viral disease on C. chinense was caused by ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ChiVMV infection on C. chinense in China and the first report of C. amaranticolor as an experimental host for ChiVMV. References: (1) P. Chiemsombat et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1855, 1998. (2). J. Joseph and H. S. Savithri. Arch. Virol. 144:1679, 1999. (3) P. Siriwong et al. Plant Pathol. 44:718, 1995.

scholarly journals First Report of Chilli veinal mottle virus Infecting Solanum aethiopicum in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1181
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
Y. Meng ◽  
M. Z. Huang ◽  
G. M. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mottle Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
T. Ghotbi ◽  
M. Salati ◽  
A. Sahandi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Green Stem

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been increasing in importance and acreage for the past 5 years in Iran and is now planted on approximately 108,000 ha. Previous surveys in Iran of viruses infecting soybean failed to identify Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), but the incidence of other common viruses of soybean in the field has been reported (1). During October 2004, symptoms characteristic of those caused by BPMV including mosaic, puckering of trifoliate leaves, and delayed maturity of stems or green stems were observed in soybean fields in the Takhti Mahaleh, Versen, and Hashemabad areas located in the Gorgan Province. Sporadic incidence of plants infected with BPMV has been usually of minor importance to growers. Symptoms were often overlooked or considered to be physiological disorders. A visual assessment was made to determine incidence of green stem in the commonly grown soybean cv. Sahar. Forty soybean plants showing symptoms of crinkling, mottling, green stem, and retaining green leaves were sampled by collecting one trifoliate leaf near the top of the plant. All samples were tested in parallel for BPMV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). BPMV was detected in 40% of the samples. Seven of the samples shown to be infected with BPMV using DAS-ELISA were mechanically (2) transferred to soybean seedlings in the greenhouse. These plants developed systemic mottle symptoms typical of those caused by BPMV and tested positive for BPMV using DAS-ELISA. The distribution of BPMV within soybean-growing regions, exploration of potential virus reservoirs, and economic impact of this virus have yet to be determined. There is no published report on the presence of potential BPMV vectors including the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) from soybean fields in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV in Iran. References: (1) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis.88:1069, 2004. (2) R. Louie et al. Plant Dis.84:1133, 2000.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Carmo-like Virus from Calibrachoa Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Liu ◽  
J. L. Sears ◽  
R. H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Spherical virus particles approximately 29 to 31 nm in diameter were isolated from Calibrachoa plants showing leaf mottling and chlorotic blotch symptoms. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. capitatum, C. quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. clevelandii plants, but was not transmitted by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), silverleaf whitefly (B. argentifolii), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium), or banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea). Virions contained a single species of single-stranded RNA of approximately 4.0 kb and a single capsid protein of approximately 41 kDa. The double-stranded (ds)RNA pattern consistently revealed one major band of about 4.0 kbp, and three minor dsRNA of approximately 3.1, 1.6, and 1.3 kbp. The virus-infected plants reacted with a homologous polyclonal antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The genome contained a sequence of a highly conserved motif of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase associated with the genus Carmovirus, and shared 94% identity with Carnation mottle virus (CarMV). However, the Calibrachoa virus and CarMV were distinct serologically and in host range. Based on the host ranges, particle morphology, dsRNA profile, properties of particles in sap, and features of the genome and protein, we concluded that the recently observed Calibrachoa disease is caused by a previously undescribed carmovirus on Calibrachoa plants. We propose to name this virus Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV).

scholarly journals First Report of Anemone Plants Infected by Ranunculus white mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Vaira ◽  
M. Vecchiati ◽  
V. Lisa ◽  
R. G. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Field Samples

Ranunculus white mottle virus (RWMV) (1), genus Ophiovirus, has been reported in crops of several cultivars of commercial ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus hybrids) during the 1990s in Liguria in Northwest Italy. Symptoms associated with RWMV in ranunculus are not clear-cut owing to the presence of mixed viral infections. During autumn 1999, a severe disease in commercial crops of anemone (Anemone coronaria) was noted in the same area. Plants appeared stunted with young leaves showing curling, deformation, and necrotic spotting. Disease incidence in some fields reached 40 to 50%. DAS- and TAS-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for presence of RWMV and for the viruses most frequently infecting anemone in Italy were run on 24 field samples. Seven proved to be infected by RWMV in mixed infection with Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup II or with Tobacco necrosis virus. Ophiovirus-like particles were detected by negative staining and electron microscopy from sap extracts of field plants that were RWMV-positive by ELISA. Sap from these plants was also mechanically inoculated to indicator plants. Total RNAs were extracted from RWMV-infected field samples and from inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana and N. clevelandii and used in molecular tests. A DIG-DNA probe targeting the 1.8-kb RNA2 of RWMV was used in Northern blots and dot blots of total RNAs, confirming the infection in field samples and multiplication of the virus in test plants, unfortunately still in mixed infection. At present, it is difficult to evaluate RWMV symptomatology in anemone, but the presence of this virus in mixed infection seems to produce serious effects. This is the first report of RWMV in anemone. Reference: (1) A. M. Vaira et al. Arch. Virol. 142:2131, 1997.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a Reovirus Infecting Maize in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
S. L. Lenardon ◽  
F. Giolitti ◽  
H. G. Welz ◽  
P. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Das Elisa

During the 1998-99 season, maize plants showing viruslike symptoms were observed at two locations in the Andhra Pradesh state in Southern India. Several hybrids were evaluated at Hyderabad in a replicated yield trial and most were affected, with disease incidence ranging from 4.4 to 61.8% of the plants among plots. Hybrid 4642 (Proagro 3-way hybrid, late maturity) and the pre-commercial hybrid YLY102 were the most susceptible, whereas the popular hybrid 4640 was among the least susceptible entries. In seed production fields near Eluru, incidence ranged from 10 to 15% among plots, with the female parent of hybrid 4210 (Proagro 3-way hybrid, early maturity) being especially affected. Symptoms observed in hybrids varied, presumably, according to the infection time and included severe plant dwarfing, dark-green leaves, enations on the lower leaf surface, and small malformed ears with few or no kernels. Symptomatic and asymptomatic field plants (root and leaf tissues) were tested by ds-RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with antiserum to Mal de río cuarto virus (MRCV), a Reoviridae-Fijivirus member. MRCV and Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) were selected as controls because the symptoms were similar to those caused by these maize viruses (1,2). ds-RNA gels from symptomatic plants showed 10 bands with banding patterns different from those of MRCV or MRDV. DAS-ELISA indicated a distant relationship to MRCV. These results provide evidence of a reovirus infection to maize hybrids in India and suggest that a virus belonging to the family Reoviridae, genus Fijivirus is causing this new disease. The high disease incidence and the severity of symptoms should alert breeders and pathologists in southern Asia about potential yield losses. References: (1) G. Boccardo and R. G. Milne. 1984. Descriptions of Plant Viruses 294. Inst. Hortic. Res., Wellesbourne. (2) C. Marzachi et al. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 106:431–436, 1999.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on Red Raspberry and Grapevine in Slovenia

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavrič ◽  
M. Viršček Marn ◽  
D. Koron ◽  
I. Žežlina
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

In 2002, severe vein yellowing and partial or complete yellowing of leaves was observed on some shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cvs. Golden Bliss and Autumn Bliss. Sap of infected plants of cv. Golden Bliss was inoculated onto Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. Faint chlorotic spots were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa approximately 14 days after inoculation but no systemic symptoms appeared. No symptoms were observed on N. benthamiana. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was detected in the original raspberry plant using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). Systemic infections of inoculated C. quinoa and N. benthaminana were confirmed using DAS-ELISA. In 2001 and 2002, unusual virus symptoms were observed on grapevine grafts (Vitis vinifera) of cv. Laški Rizling. Symptoms appeared as curved line patterns and yellowing of the leaves. No nepoviruses were found in symptomatic plants, but RBDV was confirmed using DAS-ELISA. RBDV infection was later confirmed in grapevine cv. Štajerska Belina with similar symptoms. RBDV was transmitted mechanically from grapevine to C. quinoa where it was detected by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). IC-RT-PCR was used to amplify a part of the coat protein gene of the virus from raspberry and grapevine, and the amplification products were sequenced (1). The obtained sequence shared at least 93% nucleotide sequence identity with other known RBDV sequences, which confirmed the serological results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of RBDV in grapevine and also of RBDV infection of red raspberry in Slovenia. Reference: (1) H. I. Kokko et al. Biotechniques 20:842, 1996.

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