scholarly journals Resistance of Pepper Cultivars and Accessions of Capsicum spp. to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yanar ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Sclerotinia stem and fruit rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a potentially serious disease of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), affecting both seedlings and mature plants. Management options for the disease are limited and information is not available on resistance in Capsicum spp. to this pathogen. The level of resistance of 12 commercial pepper cultivars and 110 Capsicum spp. accessions to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was determined by using limited-term and ascospore inoculation methods. None of the commercial cultivars tested were resistant to Sclerotinia stem rot. Stem rot incidence among the Capsicum spp. accessions tested by ascospore inoculation ranged from 0 to 100%. Fifty-eight accessions had significantly less stem disease than the susceptible commercial cultivar Marengo. There was no correlation between results of the limited-term and ascospore inoculation tests. These results demonstrate for the first time that a high level of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance exists among the Capsicum spp. accessions. Several accessions may be suitable for use in breeding programs to increase resistance in commercial pepper cultivars.

Prevalence of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Hind ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
South Wales

Surveys of petal infestation and stem infection conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 indicated that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a threat to the Australian canola industry. Inoculum was present throughout all canola-growing regions of New South Wales and the stem disease was widespread throughout southern New South Wales. Percentage petal infestation increased over the 3 years surveyed with values ranging from 0 to 99.4%. The highest petal infestation values were observed in 2000 (maximum of 99.4%, mean of 82.2%), with lower mean values in 1998 (38.4%) and 1999 (49.6%). Stem infection ranged from 0 to 37.5% and most fields had less than 10% stem infection. Stem rot incidence before harvest did not relate to percentage petal infestation determined during flowering. This indicated that factors other than percentage petal infestation were important in influencing stem rot incidence. While there was no relationship between percentage petal infestation and stem rot incidence, stem infection never occurred without prior petal infestation.

scholarly journals Favorable Bioactivity of the SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production, and Myceliogenic and Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotia

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-ping Huang ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
Yu-fei Song ◽  
Bei-xing Li ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
New Generation

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which can cause Sclerotinia stem rot, is a prevalent plant pathogen. This study aims to evaluate the application potential of benzovindiflupyr, a new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), against S. sclerotiorum. In our study, 181 isolates collected from different crops (including eggplant [n = 34], cucumber [n = 27], tomato [n = 29], pepper [n = 35], pumpkin [n = 32], and kidney bean [n = 25]) in China were used to establish baseline sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr. The frequency distribution of the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of benzovindiflupyr was a unimodal curve, with mean EC50 values of 0.0260 ± 0.011 μg/ml, and no significant differences in mean EC50 existed among the various crops (P > 0.99). Benzovindiflupyr can effectively inhibit mycelial growth, sclerotial production, sclerotial shape, and myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. In addition, benzovindiflupyr showed good systemic translocation in eggplant. Using benzovindiflupyr at 100 μg/ml yielded efficacies of 71.3 and 80.5% for transverse activity and cross-layer activity, respectively, which were higher than those of acropetal and basipetal treatments (43.6 and 44.7%, respectively). Greenhouse experiments were then carried out at two experimental sites for verification. Applying benzovindiflupyr at 200 g a.i. ha−1 significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot. Overall, the results demonstrated that benzovindiflupyr is a potential alternative product to control Sclerotinia stem rot.

scholarly journals Effects of the Novel Fungicide Benzothiostrobin on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Laboratory and on Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Rape Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Xu ◽  
Xiaoyu Liang ◽  
Yiping Hou ◽  
Mingguo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

We determined the effects and efficacy of benzothiostrobin, a new strobilurin-derived fungicide, against the plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot). Mycelial growth and sclerotial germination in vitro were strongly inhibited by benzothiostrobin in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid. On detached rapeseed leaves, benzothiostrobin at 40 μg/ml reduced lesion development by 87%. No cross-resistance was detected between benzothiostrobin and carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, or boscalid. A formulated mixture of benzothiostrobin and fluazinam at 1:1 had synergistic activity against S. sclerotiorum in vitro. In field trials, benzothiostrobin alone or formulated with fluazinam at 1:1 (150 g a.i. ha−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) superior to iprodione in controlling Sclerotinia stem rot of rapeseed. These results suggest that benzothiostrobin has substantial potential for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot.

A reproducible assay for measuring partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Bastien ◽  
Tung Thanh Huynh ◽  
Geneviève Giroux ◽  
Elmer Iquira ◽  
Sylvie Rioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Eastern Canada

Bastien, M., Huynh, T. T., Giroux, G., Iquira, E., Rioux, S. and Belzile, F. 2012. A reproducible assay for measuring partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 279–288. In eastern Canada, Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean is an important disease, and resistance is systematically assessed in cultivar performance trials. The reference method used in these trials closely mimics the natural infection process, but is very demanding, and its success is highly subject to environmental conditions. Here we describe a simple, quick and reproducible inoculation method to measure resistance to pathogen progression on the main stem. Importantly, this method is the first to reproducibly identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. In this method, a cotton pad saturated with a mycelial suspension is applied to a floral bud and resistance is estimated by measuring lesion length on the main stem. The method was found to discriminate clearly between known resistant and susceptible checks in both the field and greenhouse. Clear discrimination between 26 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) contrasted for QTLs controlling resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot was also achieved in four independent trials, and lesion length was significantly correlated among all trials. When tested on 38, 42 and 40 lines in registration trials, the results of this method were significantly correlated with those of the reference method in 2 of 3 yr.

scholarly journals Mycelial Compatibility Grouping and Aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kull ◽  
W. L. Pedersen ◽  
D. Palmquist ◽  
G. L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility

Population variability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal organism of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean, was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG) and isolate aggressiveness comparisons. MCG and aggressiveness of S. sclerotiorum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations (Diverse Set, 24 isolates), from a soybean field in Argentina (Argentine Set, 21 isolates), and from soybean fields in DeKalb and Watseka, Illinois (DeKalb Set, 124 isolates, and Watseka Set, 130 isolates) were assessed. Among 299 isolates tested, 42 MCGs were identified, and 61% were represented by single isolates observed at single locations. Within the Diverse Set, 17 MCGs were identified; 1 MCG consisted of six isolates, and 16 MCGs consisted of one isolate each. Nine MCGs were identified within the Argentine field with two MCGs composed of either five or six isolates, two MCGs composed of two isolates, and the remaining composed of one isolate each. Each Illinois field was a mosaic of MCGs, but MCG frequencies differed between the two fields. Common MCGs were identified among the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, but no MCGs within the Argentine Set were observed with other sets. MCG 8 was the most frequently sampled and widely dispersed MCG and occurred at a frequency of 29, 36, and 62% in the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, respectively. Variation in isolate aggressiveness was assessed using a limited-term, plug inoculation technique. Isolate aggressiveness varied (P = 0.001) within the Diverse, Argentine, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets. Within widely dispersed MCGs, isolate aggressiveness varied (P ≤ 0.10); however, within locally observed MCGs detected only in single fields, isolate aggressiveness did not vary. Additionally, individual MCGs within the DeKalb and Watseka Sets differed in isolate aggressiveness. Using six soybean cultivars and six S. sclerotiorum isolates, no cultivar-isolate interaction was detected, but resistant and susceptible cultivars performed similarly when inoculated with either less or highly aggressive isolates. Pathogen population structure and variability in isolate aggressiveness may be important considerations in disease management systems.

Evaluation of disease forecasting variables for sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bom ◽  
G. J. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Spring Canola

Selected environmental, crop and pathogen variables were sampled weekly from winter and spring canola crops before and during flowering and evaluated for the ability to predict sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclertinia sclerotirum. Linear and nonlinear relationships were examined among variables but, because no strong correlations were observed between final disease incidence and any of the variables tested, a categorical approach (e.g., disease severity) was used instead. Disease severity in individual crops was categorized as low (< 20% diseased plants) or high (> 20% disease), and differences in weekly rainfall, soil moisture, crop height, percentage of petal infestation, and number of apothecia m−2 and clumps of apothecia m−2 were significantly associated with differences in disease severity within or between years. Two disease prediction models were compared for the ability to predict low or high disease severities using petal infestation alone, or petal infestation in combination with soil moisture. The model that included petal infestation and soil moisture predicted more fields correctly than the model using petal infestation alone, but the accuracy of both was affected by the timing of soil moisture measurements in relation to petal infestation, and threshold values used in discriminating categories of soil moisture and petal infestation. Key words: Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, disease prediction

Host resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot in historic and current Brassica napus and B. juncea varieties: critical management implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Uloth ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an important disease of oilseed brassicas, yet the susceptibility of Australian varieties is unknown. Fifty-five historic, current and potential new Australian canola and mustard varieties were field-screened to determine their relative levels of resistance to SSR. Mean lesion length following stem inoculation with a highly virulent isolate (MBRS1) of the prevailing S. sclerotiorum pathotype (76) ranged from 3.0 mm in the B. napus cultivar Mystic to 202.6 mm (P < 0.001). Three recently developed B. juncea varieties or breeding lines, Sahara, JB0T-908982 and Xceed X121 CL, were extremely susceptible to S. sclerotiorum (mean lesion lengths 90.6, 132.3 and 202.6 mm, respectively). Histological study showed that the high level of resistance in Mystic was associated with strong deposition of lignin in stem cortical cell walls to form a barrier between the invading pathogen and the vascular tissues. Lack of association between mean lesion length and the year of varietal release (R2 = 0.005) shows that there has been no improvement in level of resistance to SSR in Australian canola and mustard varieties over the last two decades. Although the very high susceptibility of a few B. juncea varieties demonstrated the value of SSR resistance present in B. napus varieties, this level of resistance is inadequate to prevent ongoing, severe yield losses from SSR under conditions conducive for disease development. Breeding programs can immediately utilise the SSR resistance in Mystic, and other recently identified resistances. This will enable a shift from the current dependence on fungicidal control to reliance on cost-effective, sustainable host resistance as the basis for better management of SSR.

scholarly journals First Report of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Fennel Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Y. Choi ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
B. S. Kim ◽  
M. J. Park ◽  
H. D. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
First Report
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