Impact of Management Practices on Prevalence of Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot in the North-Central United States and on Farmers' Decisions Under Uncertainty

Regional prevalence of soybean Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was modeled using management practices (tillage, herbicide, manure and fertilizer application, and seed treatment with fungicide) and summer weather variables (mean monthly air temperature and precipitation for the months of June, July, August, and September) as inputs. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the probability of stem rot prevalence with disease data from four states in the north-central region of the United States (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Ohio). Goodness-of-fit criteria indicated that the resulting model explained well the observed frequency of occurrence. The relationship of management practices and weather variables with soybean yield was examined using multiple linear regression (R 2 = 0.27). Variables significant to SSR prevalence, including average air temperature during July and August, precipitation during July, tillage, seed treatment, liquid manure, fertilizer, and herbicide applications, were also associated with high attainable yield. The results suggested that SSR occurrence in the north-central region of the United States was associated with environments of high potential yield. Farmers' decisions about SSR management, when the effect of management practices on disease prevalence and expected attainable yield was taken into account, were examined. Bayesian decision procedures were used to combine information from our model (prediction) with farmers' subjective estimation of SSR incidence (personal estimate, based on farmers' previous experience with SSR incidence). MAXIMIN and MAXIMAX criteria were used to incorporate farmers' site-specific past experience with SSR incidence, and optimum actions were derived using the criterion of profit maximization. Our results suggest that management practices should be applied to increase attainable yield despite their association with high disease risk.

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Ecological and quantitative studies of occurrence of soybean Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in the North-Central Region of the United States

10.31274/rtd-180813-13080 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Asimina Leonidas Mila

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Central Region ◽

The United States ◽

Stem Rot ◽

North Central Region ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

Quantitative Studies

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Prevalence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybeans in the North-Central United States in Relation to Tillage, Climate, and Latitudinal Positions

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2000.90.12.1375 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 90 (12) ◽

pp. 1375-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

F. Workneh ◽

X. B. Yang

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

No Till ◽

Central United States ◽

Zigzag Pattern ◽

Tillage System ◽

Investigation Period

Since the early 1990s, Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has caused considerable damage to soybean production in the north-central United States. To determine the extent of its distribution and associated factors, investigations were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Ohio. Investigations also were conducted in 1997 and 1998 in Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. In each state, soybean fields were randomly selected in collaboration with the National Agricultural Statistics Service. From each field, 20 soybean stems 20 cm long (from the base) in 1995 and 1996 and full-length stems in 1997 and 1998 were sampled in a zigzag pattern. During the 4-year period, stem samples were collected from 1,983 fields and assessed for the presence or absence of the disease. Of the five states, Sclerotinia stem rot was most prevalent in north-central Iowa and southern Minnesota. Sclerotinia stem rot was not detected in Missouri during the 4-year investigation period. The disease was most prevalent in 1996 and least prevalent in 1995. The prevalence of the disease was strongly related to cumulative departures from normal maximum and minimum temperatures in July and August. The disease was more prevalent when yearly temperatures were below normal than when they were above normal. In 1996, a year with a cooler-than-normal summer, the disease was detected farther south than in 1995. In both years, the prevalence of the disease was exponentially related to latitudinal positions of the fields (R2 = 0.93 and 0.83 for 1995 and 1996, respectively) reflecting the effect of the north-south variations in temperature. During the 4-year period, there was no relationship between precipitation and the prevalence of the disease. The lack of relationship may suggest that there was no shortage of moisture since it is one of the primary factors for disease development. The prevalence of Sclerotinia stem rot was less in no-till than in minimum-till or conventional-till fields (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively) and greater in minimum-till than in conventional-till fields (P = 0.07). Fields that had Sclerotinia stem rot, however, did not differ in incidence of the disease regardless of the tillage system.

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Logistic Regression Modeling of Prevalence of Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot in the North-Central Region of the United States

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2004.94.1.102 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. L. Mila ◽

A. L. Carriquiry ◽

X. B. Yang

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The United States ◽

Stem Rot ◽

North Central Region ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

Input Variables

Regional prevalence of soybean Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was modeled using tillage practices, soil texture, and weather variables (monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation from April to August) as inputs. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of stem rot prevalence with historical disease data from four states of the north-central region of the United States. Potential differences in disease prevalence between states in the region were addressed using regional indicator variables. Two models were developed: model I used spring (April) weather conditions and model II used summer (July and August) weather conditions as input variables. Both models had high explanatory power (78.5 and 77.8% for models I and II, respectively). To investigate the explanatory power of the models, each of the four states was divided into small geographic areas, and disease prevalence in each area was estimated using both models. The R2 value of the regression analysis between observed and estimated SSR prevalence was 0.65 and 0.71 for models I and II, respectively. The same input variables were tested for their significance to explain the within-field SSR incidence by using Poisson regression analysis. Although all input variables were significant, only a small amount of variation of SSR incidence was explained, because R2 of the regression analysis between observed and estimated SSR incidence was 0.065. Incorporation of available site-specific information (i.e., fungicide seed treatment, weed cultivation, and manure and fertilizer applications in a field) improved slightly the explained amount of SSR incidence (R2 = 0.076). Predicted values of field incidence generally were overestimated in both models compared with the observed incidence. Our results suggest that preseason prediction of regional prevalence would be feasible. However, prediction of field incidence would not, and a different site-specific approach should be followed.

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Suppression of Soybean Yield Potential in the Continental United States by Plant Diseases from 2006 to 2009

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2010-1122-01-rs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

Stephen R. Koenning ◽

J. Allen Wrather

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

The Impact

Research must focus on management of diseases that cause extensive losses, especially when funds for research are limited. Knowledge of the losses caused by various soybean diseases is essential when prioritizing research budgets. The objective of this project was to compile estimates of soybean yield potential losses caused by diseases for each soybean producing state in the United States from 2006 to 2009. This data is of special interest since the 4-year period summarized in this report, permits an examination of the impact of soybean rust that was first reported in the United States in 2004. Thus, in addition to the goal of providing this information to aid funding agencies and scientists in prioritizing research objectives and budgets, an examination of the impact of soybean rust on soybean yield losses relative to other diseases is warranted. Yield losses caused by individual diseases varied among states and years. Soybean cyst nematode caused more yield losses than any other disease during 2006 to 2009. Seedling diseases, Phytophthora root and stem rot, sudden death syndrome, Sclerotinia stem rot, and charcoal rot ranked in the top six of diseases that caused yield loss during these years. Soybean yield losses due to soybean rust and Sclerotinia stem rot varied greatly over years, especially when compared to other diseases. Accepted for publication 21 October 2010. Published 22 November 2010.

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Performance of Landscape Roses Grown with Minimal Input in the North-central, Central, and South-central United States

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03681-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 718-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David C. Zlesak ◽

Randy Nelson ◽

Derald Harp ◽

Barbara Villarreal ◽

Nick Howell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Level ◽

The United States ◽

The South ◽

Flower Number ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

South Central ◽

Central United States ◽

Plant Hardiness

Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify well-adapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the low-input, multiyear Earth-Kind® methodology. Six roses had ≥75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.

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Annual Forest Inventories for the North Central Region of the United States

Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics ◽

10.2307/1400495 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 361 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ronald E. McRoberts ◽

Mark H. Hansen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Central Region ◽

The United States ◽

North Central Region ◽

North Central ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

The North

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Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 1722-1731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniela T Pezzini ◽

Christina D DiFonzo ◽

Deborah L Finke ◽

Thomas E Hunt ◽

Janet J Knodel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Central Region ◽

The United States ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Stink Bug ◽

North Central Region ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

North Central ◽

The North

Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States.

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