scholarly journals Barley Yellow Dwarf Disease in Natural Populations of Dominant Tallgrass Prairie Species in Kansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Garrett ◽  
S. P. Dendy ◽  
A. G. Power ◽  
G. K. Blaisdell ◽  
H. M. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Konza Prairie ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Impact

The grasses Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), and Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) are four of the most common plant species present in a tallgrass prairie (1). Infection with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, family Luteoviridae) is of interest in these species because of the potential effects of the virus on tallgrass prairie plant communities and the potential for tallgrass prairie to function as a reservoir of the virus for infection in wheat or barley fields. In a previous inoculation experiment, an unidentified strain of BYDV transmitted by the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi was reported to infect S. scoparium but none of the other three grass species (2). We sampled for the presence of five virus strains in at least 50 blooming plants of each grass species in a natural tallgrass prairie stand in August 2000. Samples were collected in watersheds that were designated 1B, 1D, K1A, 20B, and 20C at Konza Prairie Biological Station in the Flint Hills near Manhattan, KS. To detect the virus, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antibodies purchased from Agdia (Elkhart, IN). For the PAV, MAV, RMV, and SGV strains, we used double-antibody sandwich ELISA with alkaline phosphatase label. For Cereal yellow dwarf virus (RPV), we used compound direct ELISA with alkaline phosphatase label. The scoring of ELISA results was based on comparison with infected and uninfected control plants of the same species. Symptoms of infection in the field were difficult to interpret visually, since plants in this natural environment often showed multiple symptoms of stress. None of the five strains were detected in 51 individuals of S. nutans. For 50 individuals of S. scoparium, the incidence of infection by the different strains was 4% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 2% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 58% for SGV. For 51 individuals of P. virgatum, the incidence of infection was 31% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 0% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 4% for SGV. For 64 individuals of A. gerardii, the incidence of infection was 59% for MAV, 0% for PAV, 0% for RMV, 0% for RPV, and 3% for SGV. The impact of BYDV on these tallgrass prairie species remains to be determined. The PAV strain is the most commonly reported strain in wheat in Kansas but was not recovered from these grass species. References: (1) C. C. Freeman. The flora of Konza Prairie: A historical review and contemporary patterns. Pages 69–80 in: Grassland Dynamics. A. K. Knapp et al., eds. Oxford, 1998. (2) W. N. Stoner. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:593, 1976.

Occurrence of barley yellow dwarf virus serotypes MAV and RMV in over-summering grasses

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
South West ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Over-summering grasses were collected in the south-west of Western Australia in 1991 and 1992 and tested by ELISA using serotype specific polyclonal antibodies for presence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) serotypes MAV, PAV and RPV (1991) or MAV, PAV, RPV and RMV (1992). In 1991, 33 samples from 33 sites were tested and MAV was detected in four of 12 samples of Pennisetum clandestinum found infected with BYDV. Presence of MAV was confirmed by retesting these samples using MAV specific monoclonal antibodies. In 1992, 802 samples from 16 grass species were collected from 579 sites in six regions. BYDV was detected in 214 (27%) samples at 178 (31%) sites. MAV was found in 50% and RMV in 38% of infected samples. Both were found either alone or in mixed infections with each other or with PAV and/or RPV; all four serotypes were found in 18 (8%) infected samples. The most important hosts were four perennials: Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula, Paspalum dilatatum and P. clandestinum. Eight other perennial and five annual grass species were also infected. MAV was most commonly found in C. dactylon and P. clandestinum and RMV in P. dilatatum. All four serotypes were present in the six regions sampled, but the relative proportions of the serotypes found varied from region to region. This paper represents the first extensive survey of MAV and RMV serotypes of BYDV in over-summering grasses in Australia. Aphid species found during this survey infesting over-summering grasses were Rhopalosiphum padi,R. maidis and Hysteroneura setariae. In the Mediterranean type climate of the south-west of Western Australia, BYDV and aphids on over-summering perennial grasses constitute the main reservoir of infection and means of spread to cereal crops. Factors favouring grass survival over summer result in increased cereal crop infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection on Yield and Malting Quality of Barley

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Edwards ◽  
Thomas G. Fetch ◽  
Paul B. Schwarz ◽  
Brian J. Steffenson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Impact

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection occurs frequently in barley in the Upper Midwest region of the United States; however, the impact of this disease on the yield and quality of malting cultivars has not been adequately addressed. Studies were conducted at Fargo, North Dakota (from 1989 to 1990) to determine the effect of BYDV infection on yield and malt quality parameters in barley. Three malting cultivars varying in yield potential and malting characteristics were artificially inoculated at the seedling stage with a North Dakota BYDV isolate of the PAV serotype. Overall yields were reduced 32.5 to 38% in 1989 and 8.5 to 19.8% in 1990 by BYDV infection. Thousand-kernel weight (3.2 to 14.9%) and kernel plumpness (11.9 to 38.9%) also were reduced. Kernel color and three malt quality parameters (α-amylase, malt recovery, and wort viscosity) were not affected by BYDV infection. Increases in wort protein (2.5 to 14.5%) and diastatic power (3.8 to 12.6%), and decreases in malt extract (1.1 to 5.6%) were found. Most notably, total protein increased 4.6 to 17.5% with BYDV infection. Higher proportions of thin seed, as a result of BYDV infection, contributed to the effects on several quality parameters. In summary, the negative effect of BYDV infection on overall quality is significant and should be considered when assessing the impact of this disease. Although annual BYD disease-related losses are typically not extensive in the Midwestern malting barley region, the incorporation of host resistance into recommended cultivars would ameliorate the negative effects of BYD disease on crop quality as well as on yield.

Incidence and distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus in over-summering grasses in a Mediterranean-type environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hawkes ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Chloris Virgata

During the summer periods of 2000 and 2001, incidences of infection with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) were determined in grass weeds and volunteer cereals surviving at isolated sites throughout the grainbelt of south-western Australia, which has a Mediterranean-type climate. Samples of Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula, Erharta calycina, Pennisetum clandestinum, and volunteer cereals (mostly wheat) were tested for BYDV (serotypes MAV, PAV and RMV) and CYDV (serotype RPV), and those of at least 19 other grass species were tested for BYDV only (serotypes PAV and MAV). In 2000, BYDV and/or CYDV were detected in 33% of 192 sites in 0.7% of 26 700 samples, and in 2001 the corresponding values were 19% of 176 sites and 0.5% of 21 953 samples. Infection was distributed relatively evenly throughout the different annual average rainfall zones of the grainbelt, but when sites were categorised according to actual rainfall for late spring to early autumn, the proportion of sites and samples infected increased where such rainfall exceeded 300 mm. In both summer sampling periods, the most abundant grass species were C. dactylon and E. curvula, with BYDV and/or CYDV being detected in 0.1–0.6% and 0.1–0.5% of samples, respectively. The corresponding incidences were 0–1% for Erharta calycina, 7–8% for P. clandestinum, and 0.2–2% for volunteer wheat. The most abundant species tested for BYDV only were Chloris truncata and Digitaria sanguinalis, with infection incidences of 0.2–0.7 and 0.2–0.3%, respectively. Chloris virgata (2–3%) and Urochloa panicoides (0.3–0.6%) were the only other infected species. Within individual sites and host species, the greatest incidences of CYDV were in P. clandestinum (23% in 2000 and 18% in 2001) and of BYDV in Chloris virgata (14% with PAV and 12% with MAV in 2000). Small populations of grass-infesting aphids were found over-summering at 26% (2000) and 3% (2001) of sites and occurred in all 3 annual rainfall zones. The predominant species was Hysteroneura setariae, but Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi, and Sitobion miscanthi occurred occasionally. Presence of over-summering BYDV, CYDV, and aphids in all rainfall zones has important implications for virus spread to cereal crops throughout the grainbelt.

The incidence of barley yellow dwarf viruses in wheat in Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Sward ◽  
RM Lister
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pooled Samples

Wheat crops from all major wheat-growing districts throughout Victoria were sampled during September 1984. Examination of pooled samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an antiserum to a mixture of two barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) types ('V1') showed that 10 out of 26 crops were infected with BYDV and 3 out of 26 had a BYDV incidence greater than 10%. The overall loss in yield likely to result from BYDV was estimated at 2% with a far greater loss in some crops. Frozen-stored samples from four crops with high levels of BYDV were retested after one year with isolate-specific antisera. The results indicated that in these crops, PAV-related isolates were the most common, followed by RPV-related isolates.

scholarly journals Expression of Thinopyrum intermedium-Derived Barley yellow dwarf virus Resistance in Elite Bread Wheat Backgrounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ayala ◽  
M. van Ginkel ◽  
M. Khairallah ◽  
B. Keller ◽  
M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is not found in wheat but is available in a Thinopyrum intermedium translocation (Ti) carried on chromosome 7DL of bread wheat recombinant lines. We used one of those lines (TC14/2*Spear) to introgress the Ti into bread wheat cultivars and to determine the influence of wheat backgrounds, with and without known tolerance to BYDV, on the expression of resistance. Two single and three backcross populations, segregating for the presence of the alien fragment, were tested under field conditions and artificial inoculation with BYDV isolates MAV-Mex and PAV-Mex. Lines containing the fragment were identified using the microsatellite marker gwm37. Tillering, biomass, grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, and seed quality were evaluated in inoculated and noninoculated plots. Resistance was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In early generations, the alien fragment followed expected Mendelian segregation, whereas in the advanced ones a slight bias against its transmission was observed. No positive nor negative effects of Ti on agronomic performance and quality were found. A significant optical density reduction in individuals carrying the fragment was observed after PAV infection in crosses with lines Anza and Baviacora but not with Milan. In addition, the fragment was associated with a lower frequency of infected plants for both PAV and MAV isolates. The reduced yield loss associated with the presence of the translocation was due largely to the lower infection rate.

scholarly journals Comparison of Techniques for Detection of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV-IL

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia R. Figueira ◽  
Leslie L. Domier ◽  
Cleora J. D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Detection of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-PAV-IL by an improved nucleic acid hybridization technique, using a nonradioactive probe with chromogenic and chemiluminescent substrates, was compared with detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with polyclonal antibodies, and triple antibody sandwich ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Each method was used to detect purified virus and virus in sap extracts from infected oat leaves. The detection limits for both ELISA procedures were 1 ng of purified BYDV-PAV-IL and the equivalent of 78 ng of infected tissue. Nucleic acid hybridization with either chemiluminescent or chromogenic substrates also detected as little as 1 ng of purified BYDV-PAV-IL, but it was slightly more sensitive at detecting virus in tissue extracts (25 ng of infected tissue). The most sensitive detection technique was PCR amplification, which could detect as little as 0.1 pg of RNA extracted from purified virus and detected viral RNA in the equivalent of 0.5 pg of infected leaf tissue.

Introgression and characterization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium into wheat

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sharma ◽  
H. Ohm ◽  
L. Goulart ◽  
R. Lister ◽  
R. Appels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Lines

Wheatgrasses (species of Agropyron complex) have previously been reported to be resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). To introgress this resistance into wheat, Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum (Agropyron) intermedium hybrids were advanced through a backcrossing program and reaction to BYDV, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is reported for the first time in backcross populations of wide hybrids between wheat and wheatgrasses. ELISA values revealed highly resistant to highly susceptible segregants in backcrosses. BYDV resistance was expressed in some backcross derivatives. Continued selection, based on cytology and ELISA in each generation, eliminated most of the unwanted wheatgrass chromosomes and produced self-fertile BYDV resistant wheat lines. The BYDV resistant lines with 2n = 42 had normal chromosome pairing similar to wheat, and their F1 hybrids with wheat had two univalents. DNA analyses showed that the source of alien chromatin in these BYDV resistant wheat lines is distinguishable from that in other Th. intermedium derived BYDV resistant wheat lines. Chromosome pairing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses indicated that the 42 chromosome resistant Purdue wheat lines are substitution lines in which chromosome 7D was replaced by a chromosome from Th. intermedium that was carrying gene(s) for BYDV resistance.Key words: BYDV, Agropyron, Thinopyrum, wheat, backcrosses, Southern blots.

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