First Report of Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on Pinus pseudostrobus

Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. vaginatum (family Viscaceae) is the most widespread and common dwarf mistletoe in Mexico (2). Although most dwarf mistletoes are considered to be relatively host-specific parasites, this species has the broadest host range found in the genus. It has been reported to infect 13 species of pines (Pinus spp., family Pinaceae) (2). Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. is a common pine within the geographic range of A. vaginatum and has been reported as possibly being immune to this mistletoe (2). However, we have found a location in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon, Mexico where A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum is severely parasitizing P. pseudostrobus. The stand of infected P. pseudostrobus is located approximately 3 km east of Laguna de Sanchez(25°19′42″N, 100°15′45″W, elevation 1,950 m). Several hundred P. pseudostrobus are infected at this location; several trees in the stand have one or more dwarf mistletoe infections on nearly every branch and many trees have bole infections. P. pseudostrobus is the only pine growing at this locality, and the extent of infection on this pine clearly indicates it is highly susceptible to A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum. Hawksworth and Wiens (2) based their tentative classification of P. pseudostrobus as immune to A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on observations of uninfected P. pseudostrobus growing near severely infected pines in central Mexico. The discrepancy between the susceptibility of P. pseudostrobus in central Mexico and in Nuevo Leon may be related to the different taxonomic classifications afforded these populations by different pine taxonomists. For example, Perry (3) considers the populations of P. pseudostrobus growing in Nuevo Leon to represent P. pseudostrobus forma megacarpa Loock, while Farjon and Styles (1) treat these populations as typical P. pseudostrobus. Whether the high level of susceptibility of the P. pseudostrobus population near Laguna de Sanchez indicates these populations are taxonomically distinct from typical P. pseudostrobus needs further study, but the severe infection we observed in Nuevo Leon clearly demonstrates that P. pseudostrobus should be reclassified as a principal host of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum in northeastern Mexico. Specimens of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on P. pseudostrobus have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 76455). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on P. pseudostrobus. It should also be noted that the population of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum near Laguna de Sanchez is 150 m below the lower elevation limit previously reported for this dwarf mistletoe in Mexico (2). References: (1) A. Farjon and B. Styles. Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75. NY Bot. Gard., 1997. (2) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (3) J. P. Perry. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland, OR, 1991.

Download Full-text

First Report of Arceuthobium globosum subsp. grandicaule in Honduras

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.563a ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 563-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Melgar ◽

R. Mathiasen ◽

B. Howell

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

Stem Base ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

West Central ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

Brown Color

Large-stemmed dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. grandicaule Hawksw. & Wiens-Viscaceae) parasitizes several Pinus spp. in central Mexico and western Guatemala (1). In November 2000 several trees of Pinus hartwegii Lindley were discovered being parasitized by this dwarf mistletoe near the summit of Cerro las Minas, Montana de Celaque (2850 m elevation) approximately 12 km southwest of Gracias, Department Lempira, Honduras. Species identification was based on the size of the plants, which were greater than 50 cm in height, and the dark brown color and size (2.1 to 4.5 cm) of the stem base (1). There was no apparent infection of nearby Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb., which is known to be immune to the pathogen. Specimens of A. globosum subsp. grandicaule were collected and deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras and at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this dwarf mistletoe in Honduras and extends its eastern distribution from west-central Guatemala by approximately 300 km. Reference: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709.

Download Full-text

Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) associated with xyelid sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Mexico

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.58.12919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrey I. Khalaim ◽

Enrique Ruíz-Cancino

Keyword(s):

Pine Forest ◽

The State ◽

Identification Key ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Nuevo León ◽

First Time

Two species of ichneumon wasps (Ichneumonidae),Gelanes horstmanniKhalaim,sp. n.(Tersilochinae) andIdiogramma elbakyanaeKhalaimsp. n.(Tryphoninae), are described from the pine forest at 2800–2900 m from the State of Tlaxcala in Central Mexico; a third species,I. comstockii(Ashmead), is found to occur in the State of Nuevo León in Northeast Mexico. The generaGelanesHorstmann andIdiogrammaFörster are associated with xyelid sawflies (Xyelidae), and both, as well as the tryphonine tribe Idiogrammatini, are recorded from Mexico for the first time. An identification key to the twoIdiogrammaspecies occurring in Mexico is provided.

Download Full-text

Basic chemical composition of Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.1.816-824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 816-824

Author(s):

Jonathan Sergio Chávez-Rosales ◽

Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽

Nicolás González-Ortega ◽

Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽

Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

Solid Biofuels ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Forest Industries ◽

Total Extractives ◽

Pinus Spp

The basic chemical composition and calorific value of 19 samples of pine sawdust from different forest industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Durango, Oaxaca, and Nuevo León) were determined. The results obtained ranged as follows: total extractives (6.1% to 23.4%), holocellulose (60.1% to 70.4%), lignin (20.5% to 25.8%), ash (0.27% to 0.95%), pH (4.1 to 5.3), and calorific value (20.1 MJ/kg to 21.0 MJ/kg). Except for the ash content, significant statistical differences were found according to the origin of the pine sawdust samples. Based on the results obtained, the sawdust biomass has the potential to obtain densified solid biofuels.

Download Full-text

Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0941 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (9) ◽

pp. 941-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. J. Leonard ◽

J. Huerta-Espino ◽

J. J. Salmeron

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Specific Resistance ◽

The United States ◽

Puccinia Coronata ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Oat Crown Rust ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Pathogenic Races

Virulence of isolates of Puccinia coronata collected during 1992 to 1998 from Sonora, Chihua-hua, Nuevo Leon, and five states in Central Mexico were compared on a set of 27 differential oat (Avena sativa) lines with different genes for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and the presence of specific pathogenic races were compared among the four regions of Mexico and between Mexico and the adjoining states of California and Texas in the United States. The P. coronata populations in Mexico were highly diverse even though the sexual stage of the fungus is not known to occur there. Overall virulence frequencies were most similar between Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon, but there were more races in common between Central Mexico and Chihuahua than between any other pair of regions of Mexico. No races found in Sonora were found in other regions of Mexico. More races found in Texas also occurred in Nuevo Leon than in any other region of Mexico. Mean virulence complexity was lowest in isolates from central Mexico; greatest in Sonora, California, and Texas; and intermediate in Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon. Significant (P < 0.05) associations of virulences occurred for 24 pairs of virulence genes in at least three of the four regions of Mexico. Virulences to 19 of the 24 pairs were also significantly associated in Texas; virulences to 13 were also significantly associated in California.

Download Full-text

First Report of Golden Dwarf Mistletoe on Pinus maximinoi

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.878d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 878-878

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

S. Sesnie ◽

J. Calderon ◽

A. Soto

Keyword(s):

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

East Central ◽

First Report ◽

Large Trees ◽

Pinus Oocarpa ◽

Pinus Pseudostrobus ◽

Alta Verapaz

Golden dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium aureum subsp. aureum Hawksw. & Wiens) is endemic to east-central Guatemala (Departments Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, and Quiche) (1,2). Its principal hosts are Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., P. montezumae Lamb., and P. oaxacana Mirov (1). In May 1999, A. aureum subsp. aureum was observed infecting Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore at four locations: 1.0 km south (altitude 1,580 m) and 5.4 km north (altitude >1,630 m) of La Cumbre, Baja Verapaz on Route CA-14, 8 km west (altitude 1,670 m) of Chilasco, Baja Verapaz, and 5 km west (altitude 1,490 m) of San Cristobal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz on Route 7-W. Although previous reports (1,2) indicated that golden dwarf mistletoe does not induce witches'-brooms on its hosts, older (>50 years), severely affected P. maximinoi were observed to have formed large witches'-brooms as a result of dwarf mistletoe infection. Although it has been suggested that Pinus oocarpa Schiede is susceptible to golden dwarf mistletoe (1), several large trees of this species were observed growing within 5 m of infected P. maximinoi at three of the four locations, but none were infected. This is the first report of golden dwarf mistletoe on P. maximinoi. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709. (2) D. Wiens and C. G. Shaw, J. Idaho Acad. Sci. 30:25, 1994.

Download Full-text

Southwestern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, Found Parasitizing Picea pungens in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0106b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 106-106

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

N. Marcus

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Blue Spruce ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Picea Pungens ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Pinus Spp

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, Viscaceae) severely parasitizes several species of pines (Pinus spp., family Pinaceae) in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, but it has not been reported to parasitize any species of spruce (Picea, family Pinaceae) (1). However, in June 2004, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) in the Black Forest north of Colorado Springs, CO (39°02.118′N, 104°36.028′W, elevation 2,250 m). The infected blue spruce was planted as an ornamental approximately 4 m from a 16-m-high ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) severely infected with southwestern dwarf mistletoe. Mature dwarf mistletoe shoots were produced on five infected branches of the blue spruce. These shoots were compared with a morphological description of southwestern dwarf mistletoe (1) and this was sufficient for a positive identification of the dwarf mistletoe. The other dwarf mistletoes reported to infect blue spruce are Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, A. americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., and A. douglasii Engelm.; these are all morphologically distinct from southwestern dwarf mistletoe (1). Three of the infected branches formed small (less than 0.3 m in diameter), nonsystemic witches' brooms. All of the infections on the 6-m-high blue spruce were higher than 1 m on the tree. Thus, it is likely that the spruce was infected after it was transplanted. Three other blue spruces were also located within 4 m of the infected ponderosa pine, but these trees were not infected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of southwestern dwarf mistletoe parasitizing blue spruce and the first report of this dwarf mistletoe on Picea spp. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 73959). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996.

Download Full-text

Sistema compatible de ahusamiento-volumen para Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. en el ejido Corona del Rosal, Nuevo León, México

Madera y Bosques ◽

10.21829/myb.2021.2722130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Edgar Alan Flores Morales ◽

Analí Celene Rodriguez Alemán ◽

Oscar Alberto Aguirre-Calderón ◽

Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez ◽

Gerónimo Quiñonez Barraza

Keyword(s):

Nuevo Leon ◽

Nuevo León ◽

El Sistema ◽

Toma De Decisiones ◽

Pinus Pseudostrobus

Una de las actividades más importantes en el manejo de los recursos forestales es la extracción de volumen maderable, siendo la variable de mayor importancia debido al valor económico que tiene. El objetivo del trabajo fue ajustar modelos de ahusamiento-volumen para Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. en el ejido Corona del Rosal, municipio de Galeana, Nuevo León, México. Se emplearon 968 pares de datos de 82 árboles, provenientes de una medición no destructiva utilizando el dendrómetro Criterion RD1000®. El modelo segmentado de Fang resultó ser el más preciso para la especie, se obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación ajustado de 0.98 para el diámetro a diferentes secciones sobre el fuste y 0.97 para el volumen comercial; en los estadísticos raíz de error medio cuadrático y coeficiente de variación, el sistema superó a los modelos de Max y Burkhart y Parresol. La forma dendrométrica de neiloide a paraboloide presentó puntos de inflexión entre 6% y 9%, mientras que el cambio de paraboloide a cono ocurre entre 88% y 91% de la altura total. Los modelos fueron corregidos por autocorrelación y heterocedasticidad para disminuir el error estándar de los parámetros. Los resultados continuaron siendo favorables para el sistema Fang para predecir diámetros a cualquier altura y volumen a cualquier diámetro, lo que constituye un apoyo para la toma de decisiones en el desarrollo de las actividades forestales.

Download Full-text

Composición y diversidad de la vegetación en cuatro sitios del noreste de México

Madera y Bosques ◽

10.21829/myb.2013.192340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roque G. Ramírez-Lozano ◽

Tilo G. Domínguez-Gómez ◽

Humberto González-Rodríguez ◽

Israel Cantú-Silva ◽

Marco V. Gómez-Meza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuevo Leon ◽

Acacia Rigidula ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Pinus Pseudostrobus

En el verano de 2007 se determinó la composición y diversidad de la vegetación arbustiva y arbóreaen cuatro sitios del estado de Nuevo León. El sitio 1 (S1, Bosque Escuela) a una altitud de 1600 m seubicó en el municipio de Iturbide, Nuevo León, México. Los sitios S2 (Crucitas, 550 m), S3 (Campus, 370m) y S4 (Cascajoso, 300 m) se ubicaron en el municipio de Linares, Nuevo León, México. En cada sitiose establecieron aleatoriamente 10 cuadrantes de 10 m x 10 m, en los cuales se estimaron los valoresrelativos de abundancia, dominancia, frecuencia y valor de importancia (VI) de los árboles y arbustospresentes. Además, se determinaron parámetros dasométricos como altura y diámetro de copa. La diversidadde especies para cada sitio se estimó con el índice de Shannon Wiener. La similitud entre sitios sedeterminó con el índice de Jaccard. Se registraron un total de 13 710 individuos pertenecientes a 28familias, predominando los géneros y especies de la familia Leguminosae (10) seguidos por Fagaceae(4), Rutaceae (4), Euphorbiaceae (3), Oleaceae (3), Cupressaceae (3), Rhamnaceae (2) y Verbenaceae(2). Dieciocho familias sólo presentaron una especie. El sitio con el mayor y menor índice de Shannonfueron el Cascajoso (2,08) y Bosque Escuela (1,64), respectivamente. El índice de Jaccard sólo mostróigualdad de especies entre S2, S3 y S4. Las especies de plantas más frecuentes fueron: en S1, Quercuscanbyi, Pinus pseudostrobus y Rhus pachyrrachys (con 11,9%); en S2 Havardia pallens (9,9%); en S3Havardia pallens y Forestiera angustifolia (con 9,8 %) y en S4 Acacia rigidula, Cordia boissieri y Karwinskiahumboldtiana (con 9,8%). Los sitios S2 y S3 presentaron la mayor riqueza específica de especies,posiblemente debido a tener mayor precipitación pluvial.

Download Full-text

First Report of Cladocolea cupulata on Pinus douglasiana and P. herrerai in Northern Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0681c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 681-681

Author(s):

S. Kenaley ◽

B. Howell ◽

R. Mathiasen

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Border Region ◽

The Other ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Arnold Arbor ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp

The mistletoe Cladocolea cupulata Kuijt (Loranthaceae) has previously been reported parasitizing pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Mexico (3). As of today, reported pine hosts have been Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa and P. lumholtzii B.L. Rob. & Fernald from the state of Jalisco (1,2). During July 2005, we found this mistletoe parasitizing P. douglasiana Martinez and P. herrerai Martinez along Route 40 in Durango approximately 8 km east of El Palmito (23°35′54″N, 105°50′45″W, elevation 2,000 m). We also found the mistletoe on P. douglasiana along Route 40 at approximately 18 km west of El Palmito (23°27′51″N, 105°49′58″W, elevation 1,780 m) in the state of Sinaloa. Additional populations of this mistletoe were observed along the roadside of Route 40 in the Sinaloa-Durango border region. Infected trees had one to five mistletoe plants on them. Comparing infected hosts with neighboring noninfected hosts, the mistletoe appeared to have no effect on the growth of the infected trees. No mortality associated with mistletoe infection was observed for either of these mistletoe-host combinations. C. cupulata can be distinguished from its closest relatives, C. grahami Kuijt and C. pringlei Kuijt, by its longer, narrower, opposite leaves, parallel venation, and the saddle-like peduncles that hold four flowers (3). The other taxa have predominantly alternate leaves with pinnate venation and lack the saddle-like peduncle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C.cupulata parasitizing P. douglasiana and P. herrerai and the first report of this mistletoe from the states of Durango and Sinaloa (2,3). Specimens of C. cupulata and host material were collected and have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium (ASC), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession Nos. 79532, 79533, and 79536). References: (1) B. Chazado. Biosphera 1:3, 1990. (2) B. Geils et al. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-98, 2002. (3) J. Kuijt. J. Arnold Arbor. Harv. Univ. 56:265, 1975.

Download Full-text

First Report of Arceuthobium aureum subsp. aureum in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-4-0469b ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 469-469

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

B. Howell ◽

G. Garnett

Keyword(s):

Type Locality ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

First Report ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Northern Arizona University ◽

Pinus Spp

The golden dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. aureum, Viscaceae) parasitizes several pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) in central Guatemala (1). In September 2006, we observed golden dwarf mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore in southern Chiapas, Mexico; 1 km west of El Rosario along Mexico Route 211 (15°19′23″N, 92°17′45″W, elevation 1,720m). Golden dwarf mistletoe can be distinguished from the closely related Peterson's dwarf mistletoe (A. aureum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. petersonii Hawksw. & Wiens) by its smaller shoots, occurrence below 2,200 m in elevation, and flowering period (1). The shoots of the dwarf mistletoe at the El Rosario location were less than 20 cm high and male plants were not flowering. Male plants of Peterson's dwarf mistletoe observed at the type locality and other locations in Chiapas during September were in full flower. Although only 29 trees were infected at this location, infection was severe on 11 trees, but no mortality associated with dwarf mistletoe infection was observed. Mistletoe infection did not induce the formation of witches'-brooms near El Rosario, but infection by golden dwarf mistletoe on P. maximinoi does induce witches'-brooms on older trees in Guatemala (2). The golden dwarf mistletoe population near El Rosario is approximately 150 km west of the nearest known population of this species in Guatemala (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of golden dwarf mistletoe in Mexico. Specimens of golden dwarf mistletoe from Chiapas, Mexico were deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 83122). References: (1) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Systematics, and Pathology. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. 2) R. Mathiasen et al. Madrono 23:122, 2004.

Download Full-text