Basic chemical composition of Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes

The basic chemical composition and calorific value of 19 samples of pine sawdust from different forest industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Durango, Oaxaca, and Nuevo León) were determined. The results obtained ranged as follows: total extractives (6.1% to 23.4%), holocellulose (60.1% to 70.4%), lignin (20.5% to 25.8%), ash (0.27% to 0.95%), pH (4.1 to 5.3), and calorific value (20.1 MJ/kg to 21.0 MJ/kg). Except for the ash content, significant statistical differences were found according to the origin of the pine sawdust samples. Based on the results obtained, the sawdust biomass has the potential to obtain densified solid biofuels.

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Valorization of briquettes fuel using Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.2249-2263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 2249-2263

Author(s):

María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽

Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽

Faustino Ruíz-Aquino ◽

Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽

Nicolás González-Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Volumetric Expansion ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

The Impact

This research characterized briquettes made with Pinus spp. sawdust without the use of additives. For this purpose, 19 samples of sawdust from different wood industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic were used. The densification process was carried out in a vertical hydraulic piston laboratory briquette machine. The briquettes were made with 40 g of sawdust, at 50 °C, 20 kPa and pressing for 5 min. The results obtained varied as follows: moisture content (4.1% to 7.2%), density (813.9 to 1,014.4 kg/m3), volumetric expansion (7.4% to 37.3%), compressive strength (4.9 to 40.8 N/mm), impact resistance index (46.7% to 200%), ash (0.1% to 1.1%), volatile matter (82.9% to 90.7%), fixed carbon (8.9% to 16.4%), and calorific value (20.5 to 22.8 MJ/kg). The density of the briquettes was within the “acceptable” classification (800 to 1,200 kg/m3). It was observed that, the higher the density, the lower the volumetric expansion, the higher the compressive strength, and the higher the impact resistance index. According to the ash content, the briquettes could achieve international quality. Due to high volatile matter values, rapid combustion of the briquettes with little generation of toxic smoke would be expected. Fixed carbon and calorific value results were acceptable.

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Characterization of Pinus spp needles and evaluation of their potential use for energy

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760.201420021358 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 245-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz ◽

Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽

Silvana Nisgoski ◽

Washington Luis Esteves de Magalhães ◽

Valcineide Tanobe de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calorific Value ◽

High Energy ◽

Ash Content ◽

Forest Residues ◽

Gross Calorific Value ◽

Energy Potential ◽

New Energy ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

Potential Use

The demand for new energy sources is growing and awakening interest in the use of forest residues. Charcoal was prepared at carbonization temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 °C and 700 °C in order to evaluate the potential use of Pinus sp needles for energy. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of the needles and the charcoal produced were also evaluated. The needles were found to have ash content of 2.32% and gross calorific value of 20.30 MJ/kg. The calorific value increased by 45%, reaching 29.64 MJ/kg, after carbonization carried out at 600 ºC. This value is higher than that for charcoal made from eucalyptus (19.25 MJ/kg) and even coconut husks (23.55 MJ/kg), showing the high energy potential of these needles.

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Viability analysis of pine sawdust drying in a fountain dryer

Technical Sciences ◽

10.31648/ts.5874 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Konrad Rojcewicz ◽

Zbigniew Oksiuta

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Water Storage ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Mechanism Of Formation ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

Storage Mechanism ◽

Viability Analysis ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

Heterogeneous Size

The article presents analysis of physicochemical properties of pine sawdust originating from the area of the Knyszyńska Forest, in the context of possibility of their drying in a fountain dryer. Number of tests were carried out on dry pine chips of 45% moisture, such as: chemical composition, calorific value, ash content as well as morphological changes of dried material. The water storage mechanism in chips and the mechanism of formation of a fountain bed were also discussed. Based on the obtained results, several technical solutions and modifications of the fountain dryer were proposed. These modifications enable the sawdust of heterogeneous size and shape to be dried in a fountain drier as well as additional functional properties.

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First Report of Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on Pinus pseudostrobus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.1046b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 1046-1046

Author(s):

R. Mathiasen ◽

A. Flores ◽

H. Miranda ◽

L. Cadio

Keyword(s):

Severe Infection ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

First Report ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Lower Elevation ◽

High Level ◽

Pinus Spp ◽

Pinus Pseudostrobus

Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. vaginatum (family Viscaceae) is the most widespread and common dwarf mistletoe in Mexico (2). Although most dwarf mistletoes are considered to be relatively host-specific parasites, this species has the broadest host range found in the genus. It has been reported to infect 13 species of pines (Pinus spp., family Pinaceae) (2). Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. is a common pine within the geographic range of A. vaginatum and has been reported as possibly being immune to this mistletoe (2). However, we have found a location in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon, Mexico where A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum is severely parasitizing P. pseudostrobus. The stand of infected P. pseudostrobus is located approximately 3 km east of Laguna de Sanchez(25°19′42″N, 100°15′45″W, elevation 1,950 m). Several hundred P. pseudostrobus are infected at this location; several trees in the stand have one or more dwarf mistletoe infections on nearly every branch and many trees have bole infections. P. pseudostrobus is the only pine growing at this locality, and the extent of infection on this pine clearly indicates it is highly susceptible to A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum. Hawksworth and Wiens (2) based their tentative classification of P. pseudostrobus as immune to A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on observations of uninfected P. pseudostrobus growing near severely infected pines in central Mexico. The discrepancy between the susceptibility of P. pseudostrobus in central Mexico and in Nuevo Leon may be related to the different taxonomic classifications afforded these populations by different pine taxonomists. For example, Perry (3) considers the populations of P. pseudostrobus growing in Nuevo Leon to represent P. pseudostrobus forma megacarpa Loock, while Farjon and Styles (1) treat these populations as typical P. pseudostrobus. Whether the high level of susceptibility of the P. pseudostrobus population near Laguna de Sanchez indicates these populations are taxonomically distinct from typical P. pseudostrobus needs further study, but the severe infection we observed in Nuevo Leon clearly demonstrates that P. pseudostrobus should be reclassified as a principal host of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum in northeastern Mexico. Specimens of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on P. pseudostrobus have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (Accession No. 76455). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum on P. pseudostrobus. It should also be noted that the population of A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum near Laguna de Sanchez is 150 m below the lower elevation limit previously reported for this dwarf mistletoe in Mexico (2). References: (1) A. Farjon and B. Styles. Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75. NY Bot. Gard., 1997. (2) F. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (3) J. P. Perry. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland, OR, 1991.

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Improving the physical, mechanical and energetic properties of Quercus spp. wood pellets by adding pine sawdust

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9766

Author(s):

Víctor Daniel Núñez-Retana ◽

Rigoberto Rosales-Serna ◽

José Ángel Prieto-Ruíz ◽

Christian Wehenkel ◽

Artemio Carrillo-Parra

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Particle Density ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Wood Pellets ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

Mechanical Hardness ◽

Species Mixture

Background Biomass usage for energy purposes has emerged in response to global energy demands and environmental problems. The large amounts of by-products generated during logging are rarely utilized. In addition, some species (e.g., Quercus spp.) are considered less valuable and are left in the cutting areas. Production of pellets from this alternative source of biomass may be possible for power generation. Although the pellets may be of lower quality than other types of wood pellets, because of their physical and technological properties, the addition of different raw materials may improve the characteristics of the oak pellets. Methods Sawdust from the oak species Quercus sideroxyla, Q. rugosa, Q. laeta and Q. conzattii was mixed with sawdust from the pine Pinus durangensis in different ratios of oak to pine (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80). Physical and mechanical properties of the pellets were determined, and calorific value tests were carried out. For each variable, Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were determined (considering a significance level of p < 0.05). Results The moisture content and fixed carbon content differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the groups of pellets (i.e., pellets made with different sawdust mixtures). The moisture content of all pellets was less than 10%. However, volatile matter and ash content did not differ significantly between groups (p ≥ 0.05). The ash content was less than 0.7% in all mixtures. The addition of P. durangensis sawdust to the mixtures improved the bulk density of the pellets by 18%. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in particle density were observed between species, mixtures and for the species × mixture interaction. The particle density was highest in the 80:20 and 60:40 mixtures, with values ranging from 1,245 to 1,349 kg m−3. Bulk density and particle density of the pellets were positively correlated with the amount of P. durangensis sawdust included. The mechanical hardness and impact resistance index (IRI) differed significantly (p < 0.05) between groups. The addition of pine sawdust decreased the mechanical hardness of the pellets, up to 24%. The IRI was highest (138) in the Q. sideroxyla pellets (100:0). The mechanical hardness and IRI of the pellets were negatively correlated with the amount of P. durangensis sawdust added. The bulk density of the pellets was negatively correlated with mechanical hardness and IRI. The calorific value of mixtures and the species × mixture interaction differed significantly between groups. Finally, the mean calorific value was highest (19.8 MJ kg−1) in the 20:80 mixture. The calorific value was positively related to the addition of P. durangensis sawdust.

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Influence of storage time on the quality of biomass for energy production in humid subtropical regions

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602010000400012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 531-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martha Andreia Brand ◽

Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz ◽

Waldir Ferreira Quirino ◽

José Otávio Brito

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Energy Production ◽

Storage Time ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Storage Period ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Gross Calorific Value ◽

Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽

Pinus Spp

This work aims to determine an optimal storage time of forest biomass for use in energy production, through analysis of variations in physical and chemical properties of with bark timber over the storage period. The study was conducted in the municipality of Lages, SC, over a span of 18 months. The experiment used with bark logs of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus dunnii, with varying diameters, and slabs of Pinus spp., stored in piles. The material was sampled freshly harvested (control), after two, after four and after six months of storage. Four lots were used, harvested and stored at the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. Properties being assessed included moisture content (wet basis), gross calorific value, net calorific value and ash content. Results demonstrated that storage time influenced moisture content and net calorific value, yet it had no influence on gross calorific value and ash content. Optimal storage time ranged from two to four months, depending on the species, form of biomass and storage season. The best behavior regarding quality after storage was from Pinus slabs, followed by Eucalyptus logs and Pinus logs, the latter showing the worst behavior.

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On the basic chemical composition of selected biomass types from four regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.5694-5705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 5694-5705

Author(s):

Julia Montzerrat Gutiérrez-Acosta ◽

Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽

Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽

Nicolás González-Ortega ◽

Juan José Hernández-Solís ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Future Study ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Quintana Roo ◽

Quercus Spp ◽

Total Extractives ◽

Local Use

The chemical composition of hardwoods sawdust and citrus residues from four states of the Mexican Republic (Quintana Roo, Durango, Veracruz, and Sonora) were determined. The results ranged as follows: total extractives from 8.2% (Quercus spp.) to 35.0% (lime leaves), holocellulose from 45.4% (lime leaves) to 70.6% (Lysiloma latisiliquum), lignin from 3.9% (lemon peels) at 25.4% (Caesalpinia platyloba), ash from 0.4% (orange branches) to 6.3% (lemon peels), pH from 5.1 (Swartzia cubensis) to 7.3 (orange branches), and calorific value of 19.8 MJ/kg (Lysiloma latisiliquum and Quercus spp.) to 21.7 MJ/kg (Olneya tesota). With the exception of the oak samples, in all the biomass samples the extractives content is relatively high (10.1% for Lysiloma latisiliquum to 35% for Persian lime leaves), and could represent a potential for future study and applications in the field of antioxidants. Due to the chemical properties and calorific value, the biomass samples studied present potential for local use as densified biofuels (pellets or briquettes).

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Chemical composition of Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Agave durangensis Gentry and Pennisetum sp.

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10626

Author(s):

Oswaldo Moreno-Anguiano ◽

Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽

José G. Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽

Christian Wehenkel ◽

Marín Pompa-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ash Content ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Lignocellulosic Materials ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Total Extractives ◽

Holocellulose Content ◽

Luffa Aegyptiaca

The particleboard industry faces problems of wood shortage, which has led to the use of non-wood lignocellulosic materials. Furthermore, there is also interest in looking for materials that improve their physical and mechanical properties. The species Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. (fruit), Agave durangensis Gentry (bagasse) and Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used in the elaboration of wood-based particleboards. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of using these materials to produce particleboards in accordance with their chemical composition. Five materials were studied, A. durangensis (bagasse), L. aegyptiaca (fruit) and Pennisetum sp. (whole plant, leaves and stem). Extractives, holocellulose, Runkel lignin and ash content was determined. The pH of the fibers was also measured and a microanalysis of the ash was performed. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out, in addition Tukey and Dunn tests for group comparison were performed. Pennisetum sp. leaves presented the highest total extractives and ash content, while L. aegyptiaca fruit and A. durangensis bagasse had the highest both content of holocellulose and Runkel lignin respectively. The lowest pH was presented by the L. aegyptiaca fruit, while the highest was from the Pennisetum sp. stem. The element with the greatest presence in the five materials was potassium, except in A. durangensis bagasse showing calcium. L. aegyptiaca fruit has better characteristics to be used in particleboards with greater mechanical resistance because of its higher holocellulose content. However, Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used to make particleboards with high resistance to water absorption.

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Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12080977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 977

Author(s):

Mario Morales-Máximo ◽

Carlos A. García ◽

Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽

José Juan Alvarado-Flores ◽

Borja Velázquez-Martí ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Elements ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Indigenous Community ◽

Wood Waste ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Wood Residue ◽

Solid Biofuels ◽

Pinus Spp

This study shows the energy potential of pine wood waste for the production of solid biofuels, and was carried out in an indigenous community in the state of Michoacán. One of the main economic activities of this community is the production of handcrafted furniture, which generates a large amount of wood waste. The most relevant results obtained in this research show that the community generates approximately 2268 kg of sawdust and 5418 kg of shavings per week, and the estimated energy potential per year for both sawdust is 1.94 PJ and for shaving is 4.65 PJ. Based on the particle size observed, the wood residue can be used to generate pellets or briquettes. Other average results in sawdust and (shavings) are the following: initial moisture content 15.3% (16.8%), apparent density 169.23 kg/m3 (49.25 kg/m3), ash 0.43% (0.42%), volatile material 84.9% (83.60%), fixed carbon 14.65% (15.96%), hemicelluloses 12.89% (10.68%), cellulose 52.68% (52.82%), lignin 26.73% (25.98%), extractives 7.69% (10.51%), calorific value 17.6 MJ/kg (17.9 MJ/kg). The major chemical elements in the ash were Al, K. Fe, Ca, P, Na, and Mg. Finally, the results obtained indicate that this biomass can be used to generate pellets or briquettes in this indigenous community.

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Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

Safety and Reliability of Power Industry ◽

10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-2-105-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

E. S. Dremicheva

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Energy Use ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Ash Content ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

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