Species and trichothecene genotype of pathogens causing Fusarium head blight of wheat in Nebraska, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Valverde-Bogantes ◽  
Andreia Bianchini ◽  
Stephen Wegulo ◽  
Heather Hallen-Adams
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease caused by several Fusarium species affecting wheat and other small grain cereals. In recent years, reports of shifts in populations of FHB pathogens around the world have shown that these populations are dynamic and change continuously, often resulting in increased yield losses or changes in the mycotoxins produced in the grain, which highlights the need for increased vigilance. The objective of this research was to identify the species and trichothecene genotypes of FHB pathogens in Nebraska in order to monitor their populations and the major toxigenic risks in the state. A total of 74 single-spore Fusarium isolates were obtained from 42 FHB symptomatic wheat spikes collected from Nebraska fields during the growing seasons in 2015-2018. Most of the isolates were identified as F. graminearum (n=67) based on translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (TRI101), and reductase (RED) sequences. Additional species included F. boothii (n=3), F. poae (n=2), F. acuminatum (n=1), and one isolate was an F. graminearum × F. boothii interspecific hybrid. All F. graminearum and F. boothii isolates had the 15-ADON trichothecene genotype. This study shows that F. graminearum is not the only pathogen causing FHB in Nebraska and helps expand knowledge on the worldwide distribution of F. boothii. The information obtained from this survey will be useful in developing effective FHB management strategies in Nebraska, since different pathogen populations can cause varying levels of disease intensity and can be selectively sensitive to management tactics.

scholarly journals Taqman qPCR Quantification and Fusarium Community Analysis to Evaluate Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals

Toxins ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Elina Sohlberg ◽  
Vertti Virkajärvi ◽  
Päivi Parikka ◽  
Sari Rämö ◽  
Arja Laitila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Qpcr Quantification ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important plant disease. Some Fusarium species produce mycotoxins that cause food safety concerns for both humans and animals. One especially important mycotoxin-producing fungus causing FHB is Fusarium graminearum. However, Fusarium species form a disease complex where different Fusarium species co-occur in the infected cereals. Effective management strategies for FHB are needed. Development of the management tools requires information about the diversity and abundance of the whole Fusarium community. Molecular quantification assays for detecting individual Fusarium species and subgroups exist, but a method for the detection and quantification of the whole Fusarium group is still lacking. In this study, a new TaqMan-based qPCR method (FusE) targeting the Fusarium-specific elongation factor region (EF1α) was developed for the detection and quantification of Fusarium spp. The FusE method was proven as a sensitive method with a detection limit of 1 pg of Fusarium DNA. Fusarium abundance results from oat samples correlated significantly with deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin content. In addition, the whole Fusarium community in Finnish oat samples was characterized with a new metabarcoding method. A shift from F. culmorum to F. graminearum in FHB-infected oats has been detected in Europe, and the results of this study confirm that. These new molecular methods can be applied in the assessment of the Fusarium community and mycotoxin risk in cereals. Knowledge gained from the Fusarium community analyses can be applied in developing and selecting effective management strategies for FHB.

scholarly journals First Report on the Occurrence of Fusarium langsethiae Isolated from Wheat Kernels in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lukanowski ◽  
L. Lenc ◽  
C. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region

Numerous Fusarium species have been associated with Fusarium head blight of wheat. In Poland, Fusarium poae was reported as the dominant species isolated from wheat grain during seasons with low amounts of rainfall during anthesis (1). F. langsethiae was described as a new toxigenic Fusarium species (3) and causal agent of Fusarium head blight (2), which has been isolated from infected oats, wheat, and barley in northern and central Europe (Norway, Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Denmark, and England) (2). On the basis of morphological similarities, F. langsethiae has long been identified as a “powdery” form of F. poae. However, F. langsethiae produces type A trichothecene toxins such as T-2, whereas F. poae produces nivalenol and other 8-keto trichothecenes, scirpentriol, and 15-acetoxyscirpenol. In 2006, we obtained several isolates of F. langsethiae from kernels collected from winter wheat ears with head blight symptoms. Isolates were collected in the central (Sobiejuchy 52°54′N, 17°43′E; Minikowo 53°29′N, 17°56′E) and northern (Radostowo 53°59′N, 18°45′E) regions of Poland. Strains were isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (pH 5.5). Further analyses were conducted on single-spore isolates. Initial species identification of all isolates was conducted on the basis of morphological features. The strains were grown in darkness at 25°C on PDA in plastic petri dishes to diagnose colony color, odor, and growth rate. The cultures also were incubated on saltwater nutrient agar (SNA) at 25°C for 7 days in near-UV light (Philips TLD 36W/08) and darkness in a 12/12-h cycle to promote conidia formation. The calculated average mycelial growth rate per day was based on the difference in millimeters between the colony diameters after 4 and 7 days of incubation. Growth rates ranged from 5.4 to 10.3 mm/day for nine strains. Mycelium was whitish or pinkish white, sparse, and 1 to 3 mm high with no odor. All colonies showed a powdery mycelium surface. Microconidia was napiform or globose, nonseptate, sporadically 1-septate, with an average length of 6.4 μm (range 3.9 to 13.7 μm) and width of 5.6 μm (range 2.9 to 8.8 μm). Microconidia were formed in heads, borne on unbranched or branched monophialides that were 8.5 to 16.3 μm long. All strains had slim, bent monophialides, typical for F. langsethiae, and always a few, short, thick, and squat ones resembling F. poae. In young cultures, monophialides may be formed directly on hyphae. Formation of macroconidia, sclerotia, and chlamydospores were not observed after 3 weeks of incubation. Species identification was confirmed by PCR assay with the use of SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) primers producing a 310-bp DNA fragment (4), which was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. EU088404). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. langsethiae in Poland. References: (1) C. Sadowski et al. J. Appl. Genet. 43A:69, 2002. (2) M. Torp and A. Adler. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 95:241, 2004. (3) M. Torp and H. I. Nirenberg. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 95:247, 2004. (4) A. Wilson et al. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 233:69, 2004.

In vitro variation in pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing head blight in relation to their isolation from barley head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachaat Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Depth Study

Abstract Till now, no published study is available on the variation in pathogenicity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens in relation to their isolation origin in barley head. To end this, two barley cultivars of contrasting quantitative resistance were artificially infected by four FHB species under field conditions over two consecutive growing seasons. Then, pathogenicity tests were conducted under in vitro conditions on single-spore cultures originated from both kernels and glumes in the heads. Different pathogenicity was detected among Fusarium species originated from both kernels and glumes, indicating that the same isolate from glumes and kernels differs in pathogenicity on leaves/seedlings. Isolates of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium verticillioides originated from infected kernels had shorter latent periods and higher area under disease progress curves compared to isolates originated from glumes, and the reverse was observed for the Fusarium equiseti isolate. In the case of Fusarium solani, isolates originated from kernels or from glumes were equally pathogenic. Primarily findings in this first in-depth study have implications for breeding programs relied principally on actual quantification of pathogenicity in Fusarium species present in a given environment. The sampling of fungi should take into account the presence of Fusarium species of interest on kernels or glumes.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Fusarium Species and Trichothecene Genotypes Associated with Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Hebei Province, China

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Ji ◽  
Qiusheng Li ◽  
Yajiao Wang ◽  
Lester W Burgess ◽  
Mengwei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

To clarify the changes in field populations of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens over a decade, Fusarium species and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB on wheat were monitored in Hebei province during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. Fusarium species determination was carried out by morphological identification, species-specific amplification and partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene sequencing. Trichothecene genotype prediction was carried out by primers 3CON/3NA/3D15A/3D3 or Tri13F/Tri13R, Tri303F/Tri303R and Tri315F/Tri315R. A total of 778 purified Fusarium isolates were recovered from 42 sampling sites in 17 counties during the period 2005–2006 and 1002 Fusarium isolates were recovered from 122 sampling sites in 65 counties during the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was the predominant pathogen recovered during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. However, the pathogen composition differed slightly between the two periods. In 2005–2006, 752 out of 778 (96.7%) of the isolates belonged to F. graminearum. Two were identified as F. culmorum. Five other Fusarium species were also recovered, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. chlamydosporum, with lower recoveries of 0.4%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Trichothecene genotype prediction showed that all the 752 F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON genotype. Five Fusarium species were recovered from samples collected over the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was again the predominant pathogen with an isolation frequency of 97.6%. F. pseudograminearum, F. asiaticum, F. culmorum and F. negundis were also isolated at a recovery of 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. For the 2013–2016 isolates, 971 of the 978 F. graminearum strains were 15-ADON whereas seven isolates were of the 3-ADON type. All seven F. asiaticum isolates were of the NIV type and fourteen F. pseudograminearum isolates were classified as 3-ADON. F. pseudograminearum was first isolated from FHB in Hebei in 2013. Although the recovery of F. pseudograminearum is still low, it represents a small shift in the pathogen composition and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB in Hebei province. As Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum is an increasing problem in Hebei province, it is appropriate to monitor the role of F. pseudograminearum in FHB in the future.

scholarly journals A Unified Effort to Fight an Enemy of Wheat and Barley: Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia McMullen ◽  
Gary Bergstrom ◽  
Erick De Wolf ◽  
Ruth Dill-Macky ◽  
Don Hershman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Food And Feed

Wheat and barley are critical food and feed crops around the world. Wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop. In the United States, production of wheat and barley contributes to domestic food and feed use, and contributes to the export market and balance of trade. Fifteen years ago, Plant Disease published a feature article titled “Scab of wheat and barley: A re-emerging disease of devastating impact”. That article described the series of severe Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics that occurred in the United States and Canada, primarily from 1991 through 1996, with emphasis on the unparalleled economic and sociological impacts caused by the 1993 FHB epidemic in spring grains in the Northern Great Plains region. Earlier publications had dealt with the scope and damage caused by this disease in the United States, Canada, Europe, and China. Reviews published after 1997 further described this disease and its impact on North American grain production in the 1990s. This article reviews the disease and documents the information on U.S. FHB epidemics since 1997. The primary goal of this article is to summarize a sustained, coordinated, and collaborative research program that was put in place shortly after the 1993 epidemic, a program intended to quickly lead to improved management strategies and outreach implementation. This program serves as a model to deal with other emerging plant disease threats.

Chemotype and aggressiveness evaluation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum isolates from wheat fields in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mueller ◽  
Carol Groves ◽  
Damon L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fusarium graminearum commonly causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, rice, and oats. Fusarium graminearum produces nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) and forms derivatives of DON based on its acetylation sites. The fungus is profiled into chemotypes based on DON derivative chemotypes (3 acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype; 15 acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype) and/or the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. The current study assessed the Fusarium population found on wheat and the chemotype profile of the isolates collected from 2016 and 2017 in Wisconsin. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from all locations sampled in both 2016 and 2017. Fusarium culmorum was isolated only from Door County in 2016. Over both growing seasons, 91% of isolates were identified as the 15ADON chemotype while 9% of isolates were identified as the 3ADON chemotype. Aggressiveness was quantified by area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). The isolates with the highest AUDPC values were from the highest wheat producing cropping districts in the state. Deoxynivalenol production in grain and sporulation and growth rate in vitro were compared to aggressiveness in the greenhouse. Our results showed that 3ADON isolates in Wisconsin were among the highest in sporulation capacity, growth rate, and DON production in grain. However, there were no significant differences in aggressiveness between the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates. The results of this research detail the baseline frequency and distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes observed in Wisconsin. Chemotype distributions within populations of F. graminearum in Wisconsin should continue to be monitored in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Factors Defining Head Blight Resistance in an Old Hungarian Wheat Variety-Based Mapping Population

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Katalin Puskás ◽  
Balázs Varga ◽  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Qtls

One of the most important limiting factors of high-quality wheat production is Fusarium head blight infection. The various Fusarium species not only may cause severe yield loss but—due to toxin production—the grains also might become unsuitable for animal and human nutrition. In the present research, our aim was to examine the Fusarium resistance of a special mapping population (’BKT9086-95/Mv Magvas’) and identify the genetic factors and chromosome regions determining the tolerance to Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum. The connection between the genetic background and the Fusarium head blight sensitivity was confirmed by the analysis of variance in the case of three markers, among which the co-dominant pattern of the gtac2 and gtac3 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers might indicate a marker development possibility. Consistently expressed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, and 7A. Loci linked to resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes. During the investigation of phenological and morphological traits (heading date, plant height, ear compactness) influencing the head blight resistance and the location of the resistance QTLs, the total overlap was found in the case of the region identified on chromosome 2D and partial overlap on chromosomes 2A and 2B. Whereas 5A may be a rare allelic variant of a novel QTL.

Construction of Physical Maps of Mitochondrial DNAs in Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
C. Nakamura ◽  
N. Kodo ◽  
T. Shimizu ◽  
N. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas

Hyperspectral quantification of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight: comparison of two Fusarium species

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alisaac ◽  
J. Behmann ◽  
M. T. Kuska ◽  
H.-W. Dehne ◽  
A.-K. Mahlein
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight
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