scholarly journals The 12th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium: Host Plant Resistance and Disease Management, Current Status, and Future Outlook

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
C. S. Kousik
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Future Outlook

The 12th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium was held at the 2012 annual meeting of the American Phytopathological Society in Providence, RI. Its theme was “Host Plant Resistance and Disease Management: Current Status and Future Outlook.” The symposium featured four graduate student presentations highlighting research that leads to a better understanding of host plant resistance, resistance breeding, and disease management. Accepted for publication 6 November 2013. Published 25 November 2013.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

scholarly journals Resurgence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis: The Causal Agent of Cucurbit Downy Mildew

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Cohen ◽  
Kyle M. Van den Langenberg ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Peter S. Ojiambo ◽  
Mary Hausbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Future Management

The downy mildew pathogen, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, which infects plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, has undergone major changes during the last decade. Disease severity and epidemics are far more destructive than previously reported, and new genotypes, races, pathotypes, and mating types of the pathogen have been discovered in populations from around the globe as a result of the resurgence of the disease. Consequently, disease control through host plant resistance and fungicide applications has become more complex. This resurgence of P. cubensis offers challenges to scientists in many research areas including pathogen biology, epidemiology and dispersal, population structure and population genetics, host preference, host−pathogen interactions and gene expression, genetic host plant resistance, inheritance of host and fungicide resistance, and chemical disease control. This review serves to summarize the current status of this major pathogen and to guide future management and research efforts within this pathosystem.

Global patterns of cereal diseases and the impacts of breeding for host plant resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Serge Savary ◽  
◽  
Laetitia Willocquet ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Cereal Diseases

Plant breeding for host plant resistance to pathogens brings together different disciplinary domains, especially genetics and plant pathology. The strategies underpinning plant breeding have therefore, logically, been influenced by a number of paradigms that have dominated the field of disease management. This chapter provides a brief overview of these paradigms, where the authors link the implications for plant breeding. In doing so, the authors try to follow an approximate (1) linear and (2) chronological order. Yet the authors are aware that, depending on the considered crop and region, (1) there might have been occasional jumps and step-backs leading to non-linear paths, and (2) the chronology of events may have much varied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pigeonpea Genotypes against Fusarium Wilt and Sterility Mosaic Disease in Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh ◽  
Rakesh R. Patel ◽  
Ashwin M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Disease Resistance Breeding

Background: Fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) are two important biotic constraints to pigeonpea production worldwide that can cause loss up to 100 per cent. Host plant resistance is the most durable and economical way to manage these diseases. Methods: Thirty five pigeonpea genotypes comprises [mid early, mid late, dual and hybrid (mid early) group] were evaluated in a fusarium wilt and sterility-mosaic disease-screening nursery at three location viz., Sardarkrushinagar, Bharuch and Vadodara in Gujarat during kharif season 2015-16, to identify genotypes having resistance to both the diseases. Result: Five genotypes identified in each group of pigeonpea viz; mid early (SKNP1303, SKNP 1021, SKNP 0805, SKNP 0920, SKNP 1004), mid late (SKNP 1233, SKNP 10-34, AAUVT 07-10, AAUVT 09-24, GJP1207) and dual (SKNP-1119, BP 06-33, BP 08-06, BP 10-03, BP 10-04) and in hybrid (mid early) group only one hybrid i.e. SKNPCH 1211 were found combined resistance to Fusarium wilt and SMD ( less than 10% disease). These diverse genotypes that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and SMD may be useful in pigeonpea disease resistance breeding programme while hybrid identified as resistance to both the diseases may be recommended for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Comparative TMT Proteomic Analysis Unveils Unique Insights into Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5941
Author(s):  
Abigail Ngugi-Dawit ◽  
Isaac Njaci ◽  
Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Sita R. Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is an economically important legume playing a crucial role in the semi-arid tropics. Pigeonpea is susceptible to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which causes devastating yield losses. This pest is developing resistance to many commercially available insecticides. Therefore, crop wild relatives of pigeonpea, are being considered as potential sources of genes to expand the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea to improve traits such as host plant resistance to pests and pathogens. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted using the tandem mass tag platform to identify differentially abundant proteins between IBS 3471 and ICPL 87 tolerant accession and susceptible variety to H. armigera, respectively. Leaf proteome were analysed at the vegetative and flowering/podding growth stages. H. armigera tolerance in IBS 3471 appeared to be related to enhanced defence responses, such as changes in secondary metabolite precursors, antioxidants, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. The development of larvae fed on an artificial diet with IBS 3471 lyophilised leaves showed similar inhibition with those fed on an artificial diet with quercetin concentrations with 32 mg/25 g of artificial diet. DAB staining (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) revealed a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in IBS 3471. We conclude that IBS 3471 is an ideal candidate for improving the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea, including traits for host plant resistance.

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