scholarly journals Endophytes from Wild Rubber Trees as Antagonists of the Pathogen Corynespora cassiicola

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1888-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Pujade-Renaud ◽  
Marine Déon ◽  
Romina Gazis ◽  
Sébastien Ribeiro ◽  
Florence Dessailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Mycelial Development

The Corynespora leaf fall disease of rubber trees, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is responsible for important yield losses in Asian and African plantations, whereas its impact is negligible in South America. The objective of this study was to identify potential antagonists of C. cassiicola among fungal endophytes (i.e., Pestalotiopsis, Colletotrichum, and Trichoderma spp.) isolated from wild and cultivated rubber trees distributed in the Peruvian Amazon. We first tested the endophytes in dual in vitro confrontation assays against a virulent C. cassiicola isolate (CCP) obtained from diseased rubber trees in the Philippines. All Trichoderma isolates overran the CCP colony, suggesting some antagonistic mechanism, while species from the other genera behaved as mutual antagonists. Trichoderma isolates were then tested through antibiosis assays for their capacity to produce growth-inhibiting molecules. One isolate (LA279), recovered as an endophyte from a wild Hevea guianensis specimen and identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis, showed significant antibiosis capacity. We demonstrated that LA279 was also able to endophytically colonize the cultivated rubber tree species (H. brasiliensis). Under controlled laboratory conditions, rubber plants were inoculated with three Trichoderma strains, including LA279, in combination with the pathogenic CCP. Results showed that 1 week preinoculation with the endophytes differentially reduced CCP mycelial development and symptoms. In conclusion, this study suggests that T. koningiopsis isolate LA279—and derivate compounds—could be a promising candidate for the biological control of the important rubber tree pathogen C. cassiicola.

scholarly journals Genomic Characteristics and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Two Chinese Corynespora cassiicola Strains Causing Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Boxun Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jimiao Cai ◽  
Xianbao Liu ◽  
Tao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Leaf Fall

Rubber tree Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is one of the most damaging diseases in rubber tree plantations in Asia and Africa, and this disease also threatens rubber nurseries and young rubber plantations in China. C. cassiicola isolates display high genetic diversity, and virulence profiles vary significantly depending on cultivar. Although one phytotoxin (cassicolin) has been identified, it cannot fully explain the diversity in pathogenicity between C. cassiicola species, and some virulent C. cassiicola strains do not contain the cassiicolin gene. In the present study, we report high-quality gapless genome sequences, obtained using short-read sequencing and single-molecule long-read sequencing, of two Chinese C. cassiicola virulent strains. Comparative genomics of gene families in these two stains and a virulent CPP strain from the Philippines showed that all three strains experienced different selective pressures, and metabolism-related gene families vary between the strains. Secreted protein analysis indicated that the quantities of secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes were correlated with pathogenesis, and the most aggressive CCP strain (cassiicolin toxin type 1) encoded 27.34% and 39.74% more secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) than Chinese strains YN49 and CC01, respectively, both of which can only infect rubber tree saplings. The results of antiSMASH analysis showed that all three strains encode ~60 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SM BGCs). Phylogenomic and domain structure analyses of core synthesis genes, together with synteny analysis of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, revealed diversity in the distribution of SM BGCs between strains, as well as SM polymorphisms, which may play an important role in pathogenic progress. The results expand our understanding of the C. cassiicola genome. Further comparative genomic analysis indicates that secreted CAZymes and SMs may influence pathogenicity in rubber tree plantations. The findings facilitate future exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola.

scholarly journals Control of lettuce bottom rot by isolates of Trichoderma spp

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayame Vegette Pinto ◽  
Matheus Aparecido Pereira Cipriano ◽  
Amaury da Silva dos Santos ◽  
Ludwig Heinrich Pfenning ◽  
Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Bottom Rot ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Bottom rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB, is an important disease affecting lettuce in Brazil, where its biological control with Trichoderma was not developed yet. The present study was carried out with the aim of selecting Trichoderma isolates to be used in the control of lettuce bottom rot. Forty-six Trichoderma isolates, obtained with baits containing mycelia of the pathogen, were evaluated in experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo in a greenhouse in two steps. In the laboratory, the isolates were evaluated for their capabilities of parasitizing and producing toxic metabolic substances that could inhibit the pathogen mycelial growth. In the first step of the in vivo experiments, the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings of the cultivar White Boston were evaluated. In the second step, 12 isolates that were efficient in the first step and showed rapid growth and abundant sporulation in the laboratory were tested for their capability of controlling bottom rot in two repeated experiments, and had their species identified. The majority of the isolates of Trichoderma spp. (76%) showed high capacity for parasitism and 50% of them produced toxic metabolites capable of inhibiting 60-100% of R. solani AG1-IB mycelial growth. Twenty-four isolates increased the number and 23 isolates increased the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with the pathogen in the first step of the in vivo experiments.In both experiments of the second step, two isolates of T. virens, IBLF 04 and IBLF 50, reduced the severity of bottom rot and increased the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with R. solani AG1-IB. These isolates had shown a high capacity for parasitism and production of toxic metabolic substances, indicating that the in vitro and in vivo steps employed in the present study were efficient in selecting antagonists to be used for the control of lettuce bottom rot.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Leaf Spot and Growth Promotion of Eucalyptus Plants by Trichoderma spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magno Rodrigues Carvalho Filho ◽  
Irene Martins ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Silva Peixoto ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa Muniz ◽  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of twelve Trichoderma isolates on eucalyptus leaf spot control induced by Cylindrocladium scoparium and determine the sporulation capacity of the isolates on two substrates (parboiled rice and millet) for selection of potential biocontrol and growth promoter agents, in eucalypt seedlings. In the in vitro experiments, volatile and non-volatile metabolites tests showed different levels of inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth. In tests on detached leaves, it was observed suppression of disease symptoms with all Trichoderma strains in leaves inoculated with CEN494 isolate of the pathogen, whereas with isolate CEN517 did not found the same efficiency. Sporulation of Trichoderma was higher using parboiled rice as the substrate, compared to millet. In general terms, it was obtained 3.38 × 109 and 2.84 × 109 conidia/g for the two substrates, respectively. Some of these Trichoderma isolates may be used in development of biofungicides for biocontrol of leaf spot, especially CEN262, due to its suppressive effect on C. scoparium, high sporulation, growth promotion capacity and endophytic colonization in eucalyptus seedlings.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL AND MECHANISM OF INHIBITION OF INDIGENOUS TRICHODERMA ISOLATES FROM SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE OF INDONESIA AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Gusnawaty HS ◽  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Vit Neru Satrah ◽  
Novita Pramahsari Putri ◽  
Asniah, Mariadi
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Sclerotium rolfsii is an important plant pathogen and causes disease in some cultivated plants especially in Southeast Sulawesi. S. rolfsii is mainly controlled by using synthetic fungicides which are hazardous to human, livestock and environment. In the present study, eleven species of Trichoderma, indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi, were tested for their in vitro efficacy against S. rolfsii to replace deleterious fungicides. The analysis of variance showed significant results of the indigenous Trichoderma spp. against S. rolfsii. in in vitro test. All the Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of the test fungus differently. After three days of inoculation, ST1 treatment showed the highest inhibitory ability by 55.56% but was not significantly different from the inhibitory abilities of ST2, ST3, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST9, ST10, and ST11 treatments. The treatment ST4 and ST8 gave inhibitory abilities by 25.22% and 26.11% respectively. Furthermore, the data after 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation were also significant. The ST1 (DKT isolate) treatment gave the maximum inhibition of the test fungus after all the time intervals of seven days. On the other hand, ST8 (LKP isolate) treatment gave the lowest inhibitory ability. DKT isolate of indigenous Trichoderma had the highest inhibitory ability reaching to 55.56% on third days of observation while LKP isolate had the lowest inhibitory ability of 16.67% and then decreased subsequently. the antagonistic mechanisms of Trichoderma isolates were space and nutrition competition, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism. These results showed that Trichoderma indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi had better in vitro inhibitory ability to control S. rolfsii by the above-mentioned mechanisms.

Evaluation of fungicides and bio-control agents in-vitro, against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white stem rot disease in Rapeseed-mustard

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Devesh Pathak ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rot Disease

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease of rapeseed-mustard and it is considered next to Alternaria blight in causing yield losses as much as 70 per cent in susceptible crop. The pathogen survives in the form of sclerotia on plant debris or in soil for more than 4 years, which makes it very difficult to manage with conventional approaches. Therefore, its management with fungicides and bio-control agents remains an effective approach. The present study was undertaken in-vitro, using four fungicides viz., vitavax, propiconazole, mancozeb and azoxystrobin at three different concentrations i.e. 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and three species of Trichoderma viz., T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii,to find out their relative efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen. It is evident from the observations that all four fungicides and three Trichoderma spp. resulted a significant effect on growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Among all fungicides tested, vitavax and propiconazole were most effective at all three concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 %) and inhibited cent percent radial growth of the pathogen, while mancozeb and azoxystrobin were least effective. Among the bio-control agents, T. viride was noted to be most effective antagonist followed by T. koningii resulting 78.50% and 72.21% growth inhibition, respectively. Whereas, T. harzianum showed minimum radial growth inhibition (49.25%) of S. sclerotiorum in this study.

scholarly journals Trichoderma-Based Biopreparation with Prebiotics Supplementation for the Naturalization of Raspberry Plant Rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6356
Author(s):  
Karolina Oszust ◽  
Michał Pylak ◽  
Magdalena Frąc
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The number of raspberry plants dying from a sudden outbreak of gray mold, verticillium wilt, anthracnosis, and phytophthora infection has increased in recent times, leading to crop failure. The plants suffer tissue collapse and black roots, symptoms similar to a Botrytis–Verticillium–Colletotrichum–Phytophthora disease complex. A sizeable number of fungal isolates were acquired from the root and rhizosphere samples of wild raspberries from different locations. Subsequent in vitro tests revealed that a core consortium of 11 isolates of selected Trichoderma spp. was the most essential element for reducing in phytopathogen expansion. For this purpose, isolates were characterized by the efficiency of their antagonistic properties against Botrytis, Verticillium, Colletotrichum and Phytophthora isolates and with hydrolytic properties accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil and thus making nutrients available to plants. Prebiotic additive supplementation with a mixture of adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and adenosine was proven in a laboratory experiment to be efficient in stimulating the growth of Trichoderma isolates. Through an in vivo pathosystem experiment, different raspberry naturalization-protection strategies (root inoculations and watering with native Trichoderma isolates, applied separately or simultaneously) were tested under controlled phytotron conditions. The experimental application of phytopathogens attenuated raspberry plant and soil properties, while Trichoderma consortium incorporation exhibited a certain trend of improving these features in terms of a short-term response, depending on the pathosystem and naturalization strategy. What is more, a laboratory-scale development of a biopreparation for the naturalization of the raspberry rhizosphere based on the Trichoderma consortium was proposed in the context of two application scenarios. The first was a ready-to-use formulation to be introduced while planting (pellets, gel). The second was a variant to be applied with naturalizing watering (soluble powder).

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

Evaluating the in vitro antituberculosis, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyatullah Shah ◽  
Muzafar Ahmad Rather ◽  
Aabid Manzoor Shah ◽  
Saleem Mushtaq ◽  
Aehtesham Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

ANTAGONISMO in vitro DE Trichoderma spp. A PATÓGENOS DO CACAUEIRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Oliveira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Spp

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

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