scholarly journals Biological Control of Leaf Spot and Growth Promotion of Eucalyptus Plants by Trichoderma spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magno Rodrigues Carvalho Filho ◽  
Irene Martins ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Silva Peixoto ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa Muniz ◽  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of twelve Trichoderma isolates on eucalyptus leaf spot control induced by Cylindrocladium scoparium and determine the sporulation capacity of the isolates on two substrates (parboiled rice and millet) for selection of potential biocontrol and growth promoter agents, in eucalypt seedlings. In the in vitro experiments, volatile and non-volatile metabolites tests showed different levels of inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth. In tests on detached leaves, it was observed suppression of disease symptoms with all Trichoderma strains in leaves inoculated with CEN494 isolate of the pathogen, whereas with isolate CEN517 did not found the same efficiency. Sporulation of Trichoderma was higher using parboiled rice as the substrate, compared to millet. In general terms, it was obtained 3.38 × 109 and 2.84 × 109 conidia/g for the two substrates, respectively. Some of these Trichoderma isolates may be used in development of biofungicides for biocontrol of leaf spot, especially CEN262, due to its suppressive effect on C. scoparium, high sporulation, growth promotion capacity and endophytic colonization in eucalyptus seedlings.

scholarly journals Control of lettuce bottom rot by isolates of Trichoderma spp

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayame Vegette Pinto ◽  
Matheus Aparecido Pereira Cipriano ◽  
Amaury da Silva dos Santos ◽  
Ludwig Heinrich Pfenning ◽  
Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Bottom Rot ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Bottom rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB, is an important disease affecting lettuce in Brazil, where its biological control with Trichoderma was not developed yet. The present study was carried out with the aim of selecting Trichoderma isolates to be used in the control of lettuce bottom rot. Forty-six Trichoderma isolates, obtained with baits containing mycelia of the pathogen, were evaluated in experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo in a greenhouse in two steps. In the laboratory, the isolates were evaluated for their capabilities of parasitizing and producing toxic metabolic substances that could inhibit the pathogen mycelial growth. In the first step of the in vivo experiments, the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings of the cultivar White Boston were evaluated. In the second step, 12 isolates that were efficient in the first step and showed rapid growth and abundant sporulation in the laboratory were tested for their capability of controlling bottom rot in two repeated experiments, and had their species identified. The majority of the isolates of Trichoderma spp. (76%) showed high capacity for parasitism and 50% of them produced toxic metabolites capable of inhibiting 60-100% of R. solani AG1-IB mycelial growth. Twenty-four isolates increased the number and 23 isolates increased the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with the pathogen in the first step of the in vivo experiments.In both experiments of the second step, two isolates of T. virens, IBLF 04 and IBLF 50, reduced the severity of bottom rot and increased the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with R. solani AG1-IB. These isolates had shown a high capacity for parasitism and production of toxic metabolic substances, indicating that the in vitro and in vivo steps employed in the present study were efficient in selecting antagonists to be used for the control of lettuce bottom rot.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hair Growth Treatment with the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Williams Medium E Using Mouse Vibrissae Hair Follicle Organ Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi ◽  
Snehasis Jana
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Test Item ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Energy Healing ◽  
Hair Follicle Organ Culture

Hair is playing an interesting part in human for social and sexual communication. Loss of hair follicle leads to various skin disorders. For this consequence, the present study has investigated the potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (William’s Medium E) on the vibrissae hair follicle organ culture cells for the assessment of hair cell growth and development in vitro. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was defined as the untreated test item, where no Biofield Energy Treatment provided, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The study parameters like bulb thickness and formation of telogen were assessed using cell-based assay with the help of UTHSCSA Image tool version 3. The experimental results showed that the untreated test item group showed 20.9% and 28.2% increased bulb thickness on day 5 and 7, respectively compared to the day 1, while did not produce telogen follicles upto day 7. Besides, the percentage of telogen follicle was found as 43%, 57%, and 71% on day 3, 5, and 7, respectively of the Biofield Energy Treated test item group compared to the day 1. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via increased the formation of telogen. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatment of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer etc.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Mass production of five Trichoderma spp. on Solid and Liquid Carrier Media for Commercialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
N. Hewavitharana ◽  
S.D.P. Kannangara ◽  
S.P. Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Liquid Carrier ◽  
Carrier Materials ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Trichoderma spp. are fast growing fungi, widely used as bio-control agents for controlling soil borne diseases of plants, as well as growth promoters. The present investigation was carried out to isolate and identified fast growing Trichoderma spp. and mass production using low cost widely available solid and liquid carrier materials. Several fungal spp. were isolated and colony and microscopic characterization were observed in order to identify Trichoderma to generic levels following identification keys. Fast growing Trichoderma spp. were confirmed up to species level following ITS-PCR and sequencing. Identified five Trichoderma spp. were inoculated in solid (coir dust, saw dust and parboiled rice) and liquid (coconut water and rice washed water) carrier materials separately under sterile conditions. Viability and stability of each Trichoderma spp. was tested for 180 days at 40 days intervals by calculating the colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve Trichoderma isolates were identified up to generic level and five Trichoderma isolates were identified as fast growing species based on their growth rates. Following molecular characterization, identities of these five Trichoderma spp. were confirmed as T. viride, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum. Trichoderma spp. incubated in solid carrier materials showed higher (106 CFU/ml) values than the liquid carrier materials (104 CFU/ml) after 180th days and it was significantly different. The highest stabilization potential was recorded for parboiled rice (5 x 106 – 8 x 106 CFU/ml) from day 20th to180th for all five Trichoderma spp. Locally available solid and liquid substrates can be used for the mass multiplication of selected Trichoderma spp. to maintain the viability and virulence for long term commercial availability.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 285-293

scholarly journals IN-VITRO BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL AND MECHANISM OF INHIBITION OF INDIGENOUS TRICHODERMA ISOLATES FROM SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE OF INDONESIA AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Gusnawaty HS ◽  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Vit Neru Satrah ◽  
Novita Pramahsari Putri ◽  
Asniah, Mariadi
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Sclerotium rolfsii is an important plant pathogen and causes disease in some cultivated plants especially in Southeast Sulawesi. S. rolfsii is mainly controlled by using synthetic fungicides which are hazardous to human, livestock and environment. In the present study, eleven species of Trichoderma, indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi, were tested for their in vitro efficacy against S. rolfsii to replace deleterious fungicides. The analysis of variance showed significant results of the indigenous Trichoderma spp. against S. rolfsii. in in vitro test. All the Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of the test fungus differently. After three days of inoculation, ST1 treatment showed the highest inhibitory ability by 55.56% but was not significantly different from the inhibitory abilities of ST2, ST3, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST9, ST10, and ST11 treatments. The treatment ST4 and ST8 gave inhibitory abilities by 25.22% and 26.11% respectively. Furthermore, the data after 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation were also significant. The ST1 (DKT isolate) treatment gave the maximum inhibition of the test fungus after all the time intervals of seven days. On the other hand, ST8 (LKP isolate) treatment gave the lowest inhibitory ability. DKT isolate of indigenous Trichoderma had the highest inhibitory ability reaching to 55.56% on third days of observation while LKP isolate had the lowest inhibitory ability of 16.67% and then decreased subsequently. the antagonistic mechanisms of Trichoderma isolates were space and nutrition competition, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism. These results showed that Trichoderma indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi had better in vitro inhibitory ability to control S. rolfsii by the above-mentioned mechanisms.

Seleção e Prospecção de Rizobactérias para o Controle Biológico do Mofo Branco em Espécies de Crotalaria spp

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Laís Mayara Melo Duré ◽  
Lara Rezek Rochaa ◽  
Ellen Juliete Damasceno Capurro ◽  
Bianca Obês Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Detached Leaves

O objetivo do trabalho foi isolar micro-organismos de diferentes nichos e avaliar a capacidade dos mesmos no controle de patógenos invitro (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani) e in vivo (S. sclerotiorum), além da promoção do crescimento de Crotalaria sp. Asamostras de solo foram pesadas e diluídas para obtenção dos micro-organismos. Nos testes in vitro, as colônias bacterianas, que apresentaram crescimento, foram submetidas ao confrontamento direto com os fungos fitopatogênicos. Para análise fisiológica das sementes de Crotalaria sp, as sementes foram distribuídas em caixas gerbox contendo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada e incubadas a 20-30 ºC por 10 dias. Também foram testadas a antibiose de escleródios em meio líquido. O delineamento usado foi DIC e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados por Tukey a 0,5%. Além disso, foi realizada a patologia de sementes tratadas com as bactérias Fit-03 e Fit-04, além da microbiolização das sementes para avaliação da promoção do crescimento em casa de vegetação. Dos 51 isolados, seis foram capazes de produzir substâncias capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial do F. solani e três de S. sclerotiorum. Na avaliação da capacidade de controle de micro-organismos sobre as sementes das duas espécies de Crotalaria sp, Fit-03 e Fit-04 reduziram a incidência de fungos como Aspergillus e Penicillium. Pode-se afirmar que os isolados Fit-03 e Fit-04 apresentam potencial de uso no controle biológico do mofo branco em plantas de Crotalaria sp., bem como amplo espectro de ação.Palavras-chave: Antibiose. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolização de Sementes.AbstractThe objective was to isolate microorganisms of different niches and assess the ability of these in vitro control pathogens (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium solani) and in vivo (S. sclerotiorum) in addition to promoting the growth of Crotalaria sp. Soil samples were weighed and diluted to obtain the microorganisms. In in vitro tests the bacterial colonies that grew were subjected to direct confrontation with the pathogenic fungi. For physiological seed analysis Crotalaria sp. the seeds were distributed in gerbox boxes containing filter paper moistened with distilled water and incubated at 20-30 ° C for 10 days. Antibiosis sclerotia were also tested in liquid medium. The design used was DIC and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey 0.5%. In addition, there was the seed pathology treated with the Fit-03 bacteria and Fit-04, in addition to microbiolization seeds for evaluation of growth promotion in greenhouse and also spraying the same in detached leaves of C. junceae and C. spectabillis and pathogen inoculation. After 51 isolates, six were able to produce substances capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani and three S. sclerotiorum. In the evaluation of microorganisms control capability on the seeds of the two species of Crotalaria sp, Fit-Fit-03 and 04 reduced the incidence of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It can be said that the Fit-03 isolated and Fit-04 have potential use in biological control of white mold in plant Crotalaria sp., as well as a broad spectrum of action.Keywords: Antibiosis. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolization seeds.

scholarly journals Root colonization and interaction among growth promoting rhizobacteria isolates and eucalypts species

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Gonçalves Mafia ◽  
Acelino Couto Alfenas ◽  
Eraclides Maria Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Henrique Breda Binoti ◽  
Gizella Machado Ventura Mafia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

This work aimed to evaluate root colonization and interaction among isolates of rhizobacteria and eucalypt species. The method used to evaluate "in vitro" root colonization was able to indicate if the effect was benefic or deleterious allowing to pre-select isolates as potential growth promoter. There was interaction among isolates of rhizobacteria and Eucalyptus species for seed germinating and seedling growth. MF2 (Pseudomonas sp.) was the best rhizobacteria isolate for growth promotion of E. cloeziana e E. grandis. S1 (Bacillus subtilis) was the most effective for E. globulus, and Ca (Pseudomonas fulva), MF2 (Pseudomonas sp.), CIIb (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) and S2 (B. subtilis) were the most promising isolates for the E. urophylla.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Growth Promotion by the Endophytic Bacterium Pantoea agglomerans 33.1

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7511-7518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Quecine ◽  
W. L. Araújo ◽  
P. B. Rossetto ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
S. Tsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe promotion of sugarcane growth by the endophyticPantoea agglomeransstrain 33.1 was studied under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged strainP. agglomerans33.1::pNKGFP was monitoredin vitroin sugarcane plants by microscopy, reisolation, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using qPCR and reisolation 4 and 15 days after inoculation, we observed that GFP-tagged strains reached similar density levels both in the rhizosphere and inside the roots and aerial plant tissues. Microscopic analysis was performed at 5, 10, and 18 days after inoculation. Under greenhouse conditions,P. agglomerans33.1-inoculated sugarcane plants presented more dry mass 30 days after inoculation. Cross-colonization was confirmed by reisolation of the GFP-tagged strain. These data demonstrate that 33.1::pNKGFP is a superior colonizer of sugarcane due to its ability to colonize a number of different plant parts. The growth promotion observed in colonized plants may be related to the ability ofP. agglomerans33.1 to synthesize indoleacetic acid and solubilize phosphate. Additionally, this strain may trigger chitinase and cellulase production by plant roots, suggesting the induction of a plant defense system. However, levels of indigenous bacterial colonization did not vary between inoculated and noninoculated sugarcane plants under greenhouse conditions, suggesting that the presence ofP. agglomerans33.1 has no effect on these communities. In this study, different techniques were used to monitor 33.1::pNKGFP during sugarcane cross-colonization, and our results suggested that this plant growth promoter could be used with other crops. The interaction between sugarcane andP. agglomerans33.1 has important benefits that promote the plant's growth and fitness.

scholarly journals Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential of phosphate solubilization and growth promotion in cherry tomato1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Vieira Cardozo França ◽  
Katia Cristina Kupper ◽  
Márcia Maria Rosa Magri ◽  
Tamara Maria Gomes ◽  
Fabrício Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Tomato Growth

ABSTRACT Trichoderma fungi are considered relevant plant growth promoters for increasing the efficiency in the use of nutrients, as well as acting as biological control agents. This study aimed to select Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential for phosphate solubilization and their application as growth promoters in interaction with homeophatic preparations, in cherry tomato. Among 16 Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from soils of organic tomato growing areas tested in vitro, together with a commercial product (Trichodermil®), two of them showed the ability for indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization. The Trichoderma “R” had the highest mycelial growth speed index and presented twice as much spores than the commercial product. An in vivo experiment was also conducted in a greenhouse, in order to observe the potential of Trichoderma spp. isolates and homeophatic preparations on the cherry tomato growth promotion, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three Trichoderma isolates and two homeopathic preparations (Phosphorus 6CH and Carbo vegetabilis 6CH) + treatment without homeopathic preparation. The leaf area and dry mass of leaves and roots were determined. It was possible to observe that the isolate “R”, identified as Trichoderma asperellum, was effective in the cherry tomato growth promotion, while the homeopathic preparations applied did not show any effect.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot on Tibouchina semidecandra Caused by Beltrania rhombica in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Shi ◽  
M. M. Xiang ◽  
Y. X. Zhang ◽  
J. H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Detached Leaves

Tibouchina semidecandra Cogn. is a popular ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical areas (1). In August 2011, a leaf spot was observed on approximately 70% of 5,000 potted plants of T. semidecandra in a nursery in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China. Each leaf spot was round with a brown center surrounded by a reddish brown border, and ranged from 8 to 10 mm in diameter. A fungus was isolated consistently from the lesions by surface-sterilizing symptomatic leaf sections (each 3 cm2) with 75% alcohol for 8 s, washing the sections with sterile water, soaking the sections in 3% NaOCl for 15 s, rinsing the sections with sterile water three times, and then placing the sections on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C. Each of three single-spore isolates on PDA produced gray, floccose colonies that reached 70 mm in diameter after 5 days at 28°C. Setae were dark brown, straight, erect, distantly and inconspicuously septate, and 125 to 193 × 3.0 to 4.5 μm. Conidiophores were light brown, cylindrical, simple or sometimes branched at the base, and 105 to 202 × 3 to 5 μm. Separating cells were hyaline, oval, and 12 to 13 × 4 to 5 μm. Conidia were unequally biconic, unicellular, dark brown with a pale brown or subhyaline band just above the widest part, and 26 to 31 × 8.5 to 12 μm (mean 27.3 × 10.6 μm) with a conspicuous appendage at the apex that was 6 to 14 × 1 to 1.8 μm. These characteristics were consistent with the description of Beltrania rhombica Penz. (3). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of one isolate (GenBank Accession No. JN853777) was amplified using primers ITS4 and ITS5 (4) and sequenced. A BLAST search in GenBank revealed 97% similarity to the ITS sequence of an isolate of B. rhombica (GU797390.1). To confirm pathogenicity of the isolate, ten detached leaves from 3-month-old plants of T. semidecandra ‘Purple Glorybush’ were inoculated in vitro with 5-mm diameter, colonized mycelial plugs from the periphery of 5-day-old cultures of the isolated fungus. The agar plugs were put on the leaf surface and secured with sterile, moist cotton. Sterile PDA plugs were similarly used as the control treatment on ten detached leaves. Leaves were placed in petri dishes and incubated in a growth chamber with 12 h of light/day at 28°C. Necrotic lesions appeared on leaves after 2 to 3 days of incubation, whereas control leaves inoculated with sterile PDA plugs remained asymptomatic. B. rhombica was consistently reisolated from the lesions using the same method described above, but was not reisolated from the control leaves. Although there are approximately 77 reported hosts of B. rhombica (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of B. rhombica causing a leaf spot on T. semidecandra. Because the disease caused foliar damage and reduced the ornamental value of the nursery plants, control measures may need to be implemented for this species in nurseries. References: (1) M. Faravani and B. H. Bakar. J. Food Agric. Env. Pap. 5:234, 2007. (4) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 30 Mar. 2012. (2) K. A. Pirozyski and S. D. Patil. Can. J. Bot. Pap. 48:567, 1970. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

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