scholarly journals Yr36 Confers Partial Resistance at Temperatures Below 18°C to U.K. Isolates of Puccinia striiformis

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Segovia ◽  
Amelia Hubbard ◽  
Melanie Craze ◽  
Sarah Bowden ◽  
Emma Wallington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Effective Source

Wheat yellow (stripe) rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a continual threat to wheat fields worldwide. New isolates with increased virulence have recently emerged driving breeding efforts to incorporate disease resistance genes which confer potentially more durable, albeit partial, resistance. Yr36 is one such locus which was recently cloned (WKS1) and described as a high-temperature adult-plant gene being effective only at temperatures above 25°C. We examined the potential use of Yr36 at temperatures below 25°C. Field experiments in the United Kingdom across 2 years show that lines carrying Yr36 provide slow rusting resistance to the yellow rust pathogen. Juvenile and adult Yr36 isogenic lines showed partial resistance at temperatures below 18°C under control environment conditions in tetraploid and hexaploid genetic backgrounds, but not at seedling stage, when inoculated with U.K. P. striiformis isolates. This partial resistance phenotype was similar to that observed previously at temperatures ≥25°C. Transgenic complementation tests and ethyl methanesulfonate mutants showed that the low-temperature partial resistance was due to the WKS1 gene. This study indicates that Yr36 has the potential to be an effective source of partial resistance in temperate wheat growing regions.

High-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in facultative winter wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyhan Akin ◽  
Xian Ming Chen ◽  
Alex Morgunov ◽  
Nusret Zencirci ◽  
Anmin Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Improvement Program

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss., is one of the most damaging diseases in wheat and is especially damaging for winter and facultative wheat. The objective of this study was to understand stripe rust resistance in 100 wheat and facultative wheat entries from the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program by conducting experiments in a greenhouse and in four field environments in Washington State, USA, and by genotyping molecular markers linked to Yr genes. Percentages of entries resistant to the rust races at the seedling stage were: PST-17, 44%; PST-37, 32%; PST-43, 45%; PST-45, 49%; PST-116, 18%; PST-100, 17%; and PST-127, 8%. Molecular markers were positive for genes Yr9, Yr17, and Yr18 and negative for Yr5, Yr10, and Yr15. Yr18 was present in 44 entries (44%). By using the highly virulent races PST-127 and PST-100 under controlled conditions, 16 entries were shown to have high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance and resistant–moderately resistant field reactions at all four field sites. Resistant entries, especially those with HTAP resistance, were also identified in the field experiments.

scholarly journals Field-Based Assessment of Partial Resistance to Yellow Rust in Wheat Germplasm

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ali ◽  
SJA Shah ◽  
K Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Progress Curve

Durable resistance based on partial resistance is an important and effective way to combat the problem of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. tritici). Field-based assessment of partial resistance is crucial in developing countries for the breeders, dealing with hundreds of lines at a time. The present experiment was carried out during 2005-2006 to reveal variability for field based-partial resistance to yellow rust among 20 wheat breeding lines grown at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, along with ‘Morocco' as susceptible check. Partial resistance was assessed through the infection type, final rust severity (FRS), area under rust progress curve (AURPC), infection rate (IR) and co-efficient of infection (CI). Cluster analysis of the 20 wheat lines revealed two main groups/clusters along Morocco as a separate cluster. Based on overall parameters, these lines were grouped into two clusters. Nine lines were grouped in one cluster, while remaining 11 lines were clustered in another group. Similarly, cluster analysis based on partial resistance parameters also resulted in two groups for the tested lines along with Morocco as a separate line. The first cluster included the lines considered as moderately slow yellow rusting lines while those of later group were marked as better slow rusting lines. Strong association was found between co-efficient of infection (CI) with both FRS and AURPC, while it was too weaker with IR. The present study revealed that the lines were having enough diversity regarding slow rusting behavior and yellow rust resistance, ranging from immunity to partial resistant lines. Similarly, CI, FRS and AURPC are suggested to be useful for assessment of partial resistance to yellow rust. Key words: Wheat, yellow rust, partial resistance, field-based assessment. doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1.1663 J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 99-106, June 2008

scholarly journals Durability of Adult Plant Resistance Gene Yr18 in Partial Resistance Behavior of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes with Different Degrees of Tolerance to Stripe Rust Disease, Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici: A Five-Year Study

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Ghady E. Omar ◽  
Yasser S. A. Mazrou ◽  
Mohammad K. EL-Kazzaz ◽  
Kamal E. Ghoniem ◽  
Mammduh A. Ashmawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Slow Rusting

Adult plant resistance in wheat is an achievement of the breeding objective because of its durability in comparison with race-specific resistance. Partial resistance to wheat stripe rust disease was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions during the period from 2016 to 2021. Misr 3, Sakha 95, and Giza 171 were the highest effective wheat genotypes against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races. Under greenhouse genotypes, Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 were moderately susceptible, had the longest latent period and lowest values of the length of stripes and infection frequency at the adult stage. Partial resistance levels under field conditions were assessed, genotypes Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 exhibited partial resistance against the disease. Leaf tip necrosis (LTN) was noted positively in three genotypes Sakha 94, Sakha 95, and Shandaweel1. Molecular analyses of Yr18 were performed for csLV34, cssfr1, and cssfr2 markers. Only Sakha 94 and Shandaweel1 proved to carry the Yr18 resistance allele at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed that the susceptible genotypes were colonized extensively on leaves, but on the slow-rusting genotype, the pustules were much less in number, diminutive, and poorly sporulation, which is similar to the pustule of NIL Jupateco73 ‘R’.

scholarly journals Screening of CIMMYT Wheat Genotypes against Yellow Rust in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Walid M. El-Orabey ◽  
Mamdouh A. Ashmawy ◽  
Atef A. Shahin ◽  
Mohamed I. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a serious problem of wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in many parts of the world including Egypt. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 53 wheat genotypes, delivered to Egypt by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at adult plant stage at two locations; Itay El-Baroud and Sakha Agricultural Research Stations; during three growing seasons i.e. 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Results of the current study showed that 34 wheat genotypes; No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45 and 48 were resistant and had the lowest values of FRS, ACI, and AUDPC. Therefore, we can select these genotypes as resistant lines in the breeding program for resistance to yellow rust. As for 1000 kernel weight, 10 wheat genotypes i.e. 4, 6, 11, 14, 17, 28, 33, 34, 41 and 48 showed the highest values of 1000 kernel weight and were also resistant to yellow rust. Correlation analysis of different parameters also showed a high correlation between FRS, ACI, RRI and AUDPC with 1000 kernel weight of the tested wheat genotypes. Intensive genetic and molecular studies are useful for developing high yielding and disease resistant wheat cultivars in Egypt.

scholarly journals Slow Rusting Resistance in Iranian Barley Cultivars to Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Hordei

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safar Ali Safavi ◽  
Assadollah Babai Ahari ◽  
Farzad Afshari ◽  
Mahdi Arzanlou
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Race-specific resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to the yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, has been reported to be short-lived. Slow rusting resistance has been reported to last for a long time. Twenty Iranian barley cultivars along with resistant and susceptible controls were tested during the 2009-2010 and the 2010-2011 cropping seasons, in field plots at the Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran). The cultivars were tested to identify slow rusting genotypes through epidemiological variables which included: final rust severity (FRS), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC), and coefficient of infection (CI). Moreover, differential sets were evaluated in order to determine effective and ineffective resistance genes to barley yellow rust. Results of the mean comparison of resistance parameters showed that cultivars Makouee, Dasht, Fasih, and Arass had low values of FRS, CI, r and rAUDPC compared with susceptible cultivars. The cultivars Walfajre, Abidar and Sahand which had moderate values of the different parameters, were marked as possessing a moderate level of slow rusting. The rest of the cultivars which had high values of different quantitative parameters, were grouped as having a low level of slow rusting or as susceptible. The correlation coefficient between different parameters of slow rusting was significantly high (r = 0.83-0.98). The virulence profile of the prevalent races revealed that rpsEm1, rpsEm2, rpsHF, Rps4, rpsVa1, rpsVa2, rpsAst were effective, and rps2, Rps1.b were ineffective resistance genes during the two year testing period.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci for High-Temperature Adult-Plant and Slow-Rusting Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Wheat Cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Guo ◽  
Z. J. Zhang ◽  
Y. B. Xu ◽  
G. H. Li ◽  
J. Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Adult Plants

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) globally. High-temperature adult-plant resistance (HTAPR) and slow-rusting have great potential for sustainable management of the disease. The wheat cultivars Luke and Aquileja have been previously reported to possess HTAPR and slow-rusting to stripe rust, respectively. Aquileja displayed less number of stripes per unit leaf area than Luke, while Luke showed lower infection type than Aquileja at adult-plant stages of growth under high-temperature conditions. The objectives of this study were to confirm the resistances and to map the resistance genes in Luke and Aquileja. Luke was crossed with Aquileja, and 326 of the F2 plants were genotyped using 282 microsatellite primer pairs. These F2 plants and their derived F3 families were evaluated for resistance to stripe rust by inoculation in the fields and greenhouses of high- and low-temperatures. Infection type was recorded for both seedlings and adult plants, and stripe number was recorded for adult plants only. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, on the short arm of chromosome 2B, to be significantly associated with infection type at adult-plant stages in the fields and in the high-temperature greenhouse. The locus distal to centromere, referred to as QYrlu.cau-2BS1, and the locus proximal to centromere, referred to as QYrlu.cau-2BS2, were separated by a genetic distance of about 23 cM. QYrlu.cau-2BS1 was flanked by the microsatellite markers Xwmc154 and Xgwm148, and QYrlu.cau-2BS2 was flanked by Xgwm148 and Xabrc167. QYrlu.cau-2BS1 and QYrlu.cau-2BS2 explained up to 36.6 and 41.5% of the phenotypic variation of infection type, respectively, and up to 78.1% collectively. No significant interaction between the two loci was detected. Another QTL, referred to as QYraq.cau-2BL, was detected on the long arm of chromosome 2B to be significantly associated with stripe number. QYraq.cau-2BL was flanked by the microsatellite markers Xwmc175 and Xwmc332, and it explained up to 61.5% of the phenotypic variation of stripe number. It is possible that these three QTL are previously unmapped loci for resistance to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Foliar fungicide application as management strategie to minimize the growing threat of yellow rust on wheat in Portugal

2018 ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Conceição Gomes, Ana Sofia Almeida, José Coutinho, Rita Costa, Nuno Pinheiro ◽  
João Coco, Armindo Costa, Ana Sofia Bagulho and Benvindo Maçãs
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fungicide Application

Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a foliar wheat disease that cause significant yield losses in Portuguese bread and durum wheat yield, mainly in recent years. The strategies to disease control include cultural practices (crop rotation, use of balanced fertilizers, framework of planting dates), use of resistant varieties and fungicide application. The concern of modern plant breeding has been the improvement of new varieties with escape behavior to diseases and/or genetic resistance, but currently, the use of chemical produts offers a pratical and rapid response solution to combat rust outbreaks. In the present study, field experiments were conducted from 2013/2014 to 2016/2017 growing seasons to evaluate: 1) resistance levels against yellow rust in some bread and durum wheat varieties widely used by Portuguese farmers; 2) the opportunity of application of fungicide in the control of Puccinia striiformis in two stages of plant development; 3) gains obtained in each situation in yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) compared to the control without fungicide application. This study allows to conclude that the need to use fungicide sprays it´s related not only on the carry over of rust inoculum in crop, but also of the races/strains of P. striiformis occurring in a region, the crop growth stage at time of symptom appearance and on variety level of resistance.

scholarly journals Wheat Genetic Loci Conferring Resistance to Yellow Rust in the Face of Recent Epidemics of Genetically Diverse Races of the Fungus Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bouvet ◽  
Lawrence Percival-Alwyn ◽  
Simon Berry ◽  
Paul Fenwick ◽  
Camila Campos Mantello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant

Abstract Yellow rust (YR), or stripe rust, is a major fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Since 2011, the historically clonal European Pst races have been superseded by the rapid incursion of genetically diverse lineages, reducing the resistance of varieties that previously showed durable resistance. Identification of sources of genetic resistance to such races is a high priority for wheat breeding. Here we use a wheat eight-founder multi-parent population genotyped with a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism array to genetically map adult plant YR resistance to such new Pst races. Analysis of five trials, at three sites in the UK, consistently identified four highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) across all test environments, located on chromosomes 1A (QYr.niab-1A.1), 2A (QYr.niab-2A.1), 2B (QYr.niab-2B.1) and 2D (QYr.niab-2D.1). Together these explained ~ 50% of the phenotypic variation, and genetic markers were developed that distinguished resistant and susceptible alleles. Analysis of these QTL in two-way and three-way combinations showed combinations conferred greater resistance than single QTL. Four additional major-effect QTL were detected in two or more trials, together explaining 15–20% of the phenotypic variation, as well as six minor QTL. Genomic analysis found the median physical interval size of these eight QTL to be 19.8 Mbp, and QYr.niab-2A.1 and QYr.niab-2D.1 to be at homoeologous locations on the group-2 chromosomes. Notably, the QYr.niab-2B.1 physical interval contained five nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) candidate genes with integrated BED domains, of which two corresponded to the cloned resistance genes Yr7 and Yr5/YrSp.

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