scholarly journals Durability of Adult Plant Resistance Gene Yr18 in Partial Resistance Behavior of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes with Different Degrees of Tolerance to Stripe Rust Disease, Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici: A Five-Year Study

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Ghady E. Omar ◽  
Yasser S. A. Mazrou ◽  
Mohammad K. EL-Kazzaz ◽  
Kamal E. Ghoniem ◽  
Mammduh A. Ashmawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Slow Rusting

Adult plant resistance in wheat is an achievement of the breeding objective because of its durability in comparison with race-specific resistance. Partial resistance to wheat stripe rust disease was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions during the period from 2016 to 2021. Misr 3, Sakha 95, and Giza 171 were the highest effective wheat genotypes against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races. Under greenhouse genotypes, Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 were moderately susceptible, had the longest latent period and lowest values of the length of stripes and infection frequency at the adult stage. Partial resistance levels under field conditions were assessed, genotypes Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 exhibited partial resistance against the disease. Leaf tip necrosis (LTN) was noted positively in three genotypes Sakha 94, Sakha 95, and Shandaweel1. Molecular analyses of Yr18 were performed for csLV34, cssfr1, and cssfr2 markers. Only Sakha 94 and Shandaweel1 proved to carry the Yr18 resistance allele at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed that the susceptible genotypes were colonized extensively on leaves, but on the slow-rusting genotype, the pustules were much less in number, diminutive, and poorly sporulation, which is similar to the pustule of NIL Jupateco73 ‘R’.

Characterization of genetic loci conferring adult plant resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in spring wheat

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M William ◽  
R P Singh ◽  
J Huerta-Espino ◽  
G Palacios ◽  
K Suenaga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Slow Rusting

Leaf (brown) and stripe (yellow) rusts, caused by Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis, respectively, are fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that cause significant yield losses annually in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The objectives of our study were to characterize genetic loci associated with resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using molecular markers in a population derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar 'Avocet S' and the resistant cultivar 'Pavon76'. Using bulked segregant analysis and partial linkage mapping with AFLPs, SSRs and RFLPs, we identified 6 independent loci that contributed to slow rusting or adult plant resistance (APR) to the 2 rust diseases. Using marker information available from existing linkage maps, we have identified additional markers associated with resistance to these 2 diseases and established several linkage groups in the 'Avocet S' × 'Pavon76' population. The putative loci identified on chromosomes 1BL, 4BL, and 6AL influenced resistance to both stripe and leaf rust. The loci on chromosomes 3BS and 6BL had significant effects only on stripe rust, whereas another locus, characterized by AFLP markers, had minor effects on leaf rust only. Data derived from Interval mapping indicated that the loci identified explained 53% of the total phenotypic variation (R2) for stripe rust and 57% for leaf rust averaged across 3 sets of field data. A single chromosome recombinant line population segregating for chromosome 1B was used to map Lr46/Yr29 as a single Mendelian locus. Characterization of slow-rusting genes for leaf and stripe rust in improved wheat germplasm would enable wheat breeders to combine these additional loci with known slow-rusting loci to generate wheat cultivars with higher levels of slow-rusting resistance.Key words: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Triticum aestivum, bulked segregant analysis, single chromosome recombinant lines, linkage mapping, adult plant resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping and Analysis of an Excellent Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Gaoxianguangtoumai

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Fengying Liang ◽  
Fangnian Guan ◽  
Fangjie Yao ◽  
Li Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Landrace ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Chinese Wheat

The Chinese wheat landrace “Gaoxianguangtoumai” (GX) has exhibited a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in the field for more than a decade. To reveal the genetic background for APR to stripe rust in GX, a set of 249 F6:8 (F6, F7, and F8) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GX and the susceptible cultivar “Taichung 29.” The parents and RILs were evaluated for disease severity at the adult-plant stage in the field by artificial inoculation with the currently predominant Chinese Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races during three cropping seasons and genotyped using the Wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,871 SNP markers finally. Two stable APR quantitative trait loci (QTL), QYr.GX-2AS and QYr.GX-7DS in GX, were detected on chromosomes 2AS and 7DS, which explained 15.5–27.0% and 11.5–13.5% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with published Yr genes and QTL, QYr.GX-7DS and Yr18 may be the same, whereas QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be novel. Haplotype analysis revealed that QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be rare which presents in 5.3% of the 325 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. By analyzing a heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) population from a residual heterozygous plant in an F8 generation of RIL, QYr.GX-2AS was further flanked by KP2A_36.85 and KP2A_38.22 with a physical distance of about 1.37Mb and co-segregated with the KP2A_37.09. Furthermore, three tightly linked Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were highly polymorphic among 109 Chinese wheat cultivars. The results of this study can be used in wheat breeding for improving resistance to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance in the Ethiopian Bread Wheat Landraces to Stripe Rust Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fikrte Yirga ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Mashila Dejene
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Wheat Landraces

High yielding farmers’ bread wheat cultivars are threatened by emerging race(s) of stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in the highlands of Ethiopia. In depletion of rust resistance in commercial cultivars, researchers often look for new sources from close relatives and landraces. The objective of this study was to determine stripe rust resistance in selected Ethiopian bread wheat landraces obtained from the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity (IBCE). In 2017, a total of 152 accessions were exposed to the prevailing stripe rust races in hot spot areas (Kulumsa and Meraro) in Arsi zone of Oromia region. In the second year (2018), only promising landraces (57) were evaluated both at seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse at Kulumsa research center using three (PstS2 (v32), (PstS11) and (PstS11 v25) Pst races. In field evaluations, terminal severity (TRS), coefficient of infection (CI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate (DPR) and head infection (HI) were considred. High disease pressure was noted with 100% severity on susceptible entries at both locations and seasons. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences were noted among the landraces for all disease parameters indicated above. Of the 152 landraces, 57(38%) exhibited lower or equal disease reaction compared to the resistant check(Enkoy) across locations. Overall, 18 accessions showed resistance to the prevailing Pst races both at seedling stage and field conditions whereas14 exhibited susceptible /intermediate reaction at seedling stage, but had lower disease reaction under field conditions. This study has identified potential sources of overall and adult plant resistance in the Ethiopian bread wheat landraces to the prevailing Pst races. The authors recommend further studies to determine the diversity and/or novelity of resistance genes in selected accessions. Future wheat improvement should focus on utilization of these genetic resources to minimize the re-current outbreak of rust diseases.

scholarly journals Durability of resistance to stripe rust in the wheat cultivar Claire in New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
S.F. Chng ◽  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
S.C. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars

Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f sp tritici The cultivar Claire was released in 1999 and until recently remained highly resistant to the disease in the United Kingdom While Claire was considered durably resistant to stripe rust in New Zealand it is now categorised as moderately susceptible The present study investigated whether racespecific resistance was responsible for this breakdown in resistance and whether cv Claire retains useful durable resistance A rust culture from cv Claire was compared with a pre2005 culture on a set of differential cultivars The seedling resistance in cv Claire was racespecific Greenhouse and field experiments suggest that the adult plant resistance in cv Claire has been reduced in the presence of a more virulent stripe rust population Remaining adult plant resistance is insufficient to provide adequate control of stripe rust in New Zealand wheat crops

scholarly journals Identification of a recessive gene YrZ15-1370 conferring adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat-Triticum boeoticum introgression line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghu Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Ting Peng ◽  
Dinghao Wang ◽  
Dongyu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Physical Region ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum

Abstract Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat globally and resistance is the effectively control strategy. Triticum boeoticum Boiss (T. monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, AbAb) accession G52 confers a high level of adult-plant resistance against a mixture of the Chinese prevalent Pst races. To transfer the resistance to common wheat, a cross was made between G52 and susceptible common wheat genotype Crocus. A highly resistant wheat-T. boeoticum introgression line Z15-1370 (F5 generation) with 42 chromosomes was selected cytologically and by testing with Pst races. In order to map the resistance gene(s), F1, F2, and F2:3 generations of the cross between Z15-1370 and stripe rust susceptible common wheat Mingxian169 were developed. Genetic analysis revealed that the resistance in Z15-1370 was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated YrZ15-1370. Using the bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) analysis, YrZ15-1370 was mapped to chromosome 6AL and flanked by markers KASP1370-3 and KASP-1370-5 within a 4.3 cM genetic interval corresponding to 1.8 Mb physical region in the Chinese Spring genome, in which a number of disease resistance-related genes were annotated. YrZ15-1370 differed from previously Yr genes identified on chromosome 6A based on its position and/or origin. The YrZ15-1370 would be a valuable resource for wheat resistance improvement and the flanking markers developed here should be useful tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding and further cloning the gene.

Some effects of stripe rust infection in wheats with adult plant resistance

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Park ◽  
RG Rees ◽  
GJ Platz
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Effects of early and full season epidemics by stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici) were examined in 12 wheat cultivars with different levels of adult plant resistance (APR). The APR in Cook, Bass, Banks, Kite, and Suneca was generally effective in preventing detectable yield losses due to stripe rust infection. Cultivars with lower levels of APR experienced yield losses of 15-25%, compared with 45-50% reduction for the susceptible cultivar Teal. Severe stripe rust infection early in the season, prior to node formation, resulted in significant yield reductions only in the more susceptible cultivars. Yield reductions were usually associated with reduced grain weight, and no reduction in tillering was detected in diseased plants. Severe stripe rust infection did not significantly affect the concentration of grain phosphorus, but did result in reduced grain nitrogen concentration in the more susceptible cultivars.

scholarly journals Mendelization and Molecular Mapping of a Large-effect QTL Conferring Durable Adult-plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace ‘Gaoxianguangtoumai’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Fengying Liang ◽  
Fangnian Guan ◽  
Fangjie Yao ◽  
Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Wheat Landrace ◽  
Chinese Wheat ◽  
Kasp Markers

Abstract The Chinese wheat landrace ‘Gaoxianguangtoumai’ (GX) has exhibited a high degree of adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in field environments for more than a decade. To reveal the genetic basis for APR to stripe rust in GX, a set of 249 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GX and the susceptible cultivar ‘Taichung 29’. The parents and RILs were evaluated for disease severity at the adult-plant stage in field environments by artificial inoculation with the currently predominant Chinese Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races during three cropping seasons, and genotyped using the Wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,871 SNP markers. Two stable APR quantitative trait loci (QTL), QYr.GX-2AS and QYr.GX-7DS from GX, were detected on chromosomes 2AS and 7DS, which explained 15.5–27.0% and 9.6–15.6% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with published genes and QTL, QYr.GX-7DS is likely Yr18, whereas QYr.GX-2AS is probably novel. Haplotype analysis revealed that QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be rare which present in 5.3% of the 325 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. By analyzing a near-isogenic line population, QYr.GX-2AS was further mapped to an interval with a physical distance of about 1.37 Mb and co-segregated with a Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker. Furthermore, three tightly linked KASP markers were highly polymorphic among 109 Chinese wheat cultivars. The short physical interval and tightly linked KASP markers developed in this study will facilitate marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of QYr.GX-2AS.

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