scholarly journals Nongenetic Inheritance of Induced Resistance in a Wild Annual Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Lankinen ◽  
Kibrom B. Abreha ◽  
Erik Alexandersson ◽  
Stefan Andersson ◽  
Erik Andreasson
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Nongenetic Inheritance

Nongenetic inheritance (e.g., transgenerational epigenetic effects) has received increasing interest in recent years, particularly in plants. However, most studies have involved a few model species and relatively little is known about wild species in these respects. We investigated transgenerational induced resistance to infection by the devastating oomycete Phytophthora infestans in Solanum physalifolium, a wild relative of cultivated potato. We treated plants with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a nontoxic compound acting as an inducing agent, or infected plants with P. infestans. BABA treatment reduced lesion size in detached-leaf assays inoculated by P. infestans in two of three tested genotypes, suggesting that resistance to oomycetes can be induced by BABA within a generation not only in crops or model species but also in wild species directly collected from nature. Both BABA treatment and infection in the parental generation reduced lesions in the subsequent generation in one of two genotypes, indicating a transgenerational influence on resistance that varies among genotypes. We did not detect treatment effects on seed traits, indicating the involvement of a mechanism unrelated to maternal effects. In conclusion, our study provides data on BABA induction and nongenetic inheritance of induced resistance in a wild relative of cultivated potato, implying that this factor might be important in the ecological and agricultural landscape.

scholarly journals Correction to: Transcriptome profiling of resistance response to Meloidogyne chitwoodi introgressed from wild species Solanum bulbocastanum into cultivated potato

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapinder Bali ◽  
Kelly Vining ◽  
Cynthia Gleason ◽  
Hassan Majtahedi ◽  
Charles R. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Meloidogyne Chitwoodi ◽  
Cultivated Potato

Following the publication of this article [1], the authors noted an error in Figure 11.

The high fruit soluble sugar content in wild Lycopersicon species and their hybrids with cultivars depends on sucrose import during ripening rather than on sucrose metabolism

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Balibrea ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Andújar ◽  
Jesús Cuartero ◽  
María C. Bolarín ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Alfocea
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Metabolic Parameter ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
In The Wild

Soluble sugar content has been studied in relation to sucrose metabolism in the hexose-accumulating cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, the wild relative species Lycopersicon cheesmanii Riley, in the sucrose-accumulating wild relative species Lycopersicon chmielewskii Rick, Kesicky, Fobes & Holle. and in two hexose-accumulating interspecific F1 hybrids (L. esculentum × L. cheesmanii; L. esculentum × L. chmielewskii), cultivated under two irrigation regimes (control: EC = 2.1 and saline: EC = 8.4 dS m–1). Under control conditions the total soluble sugar content (as hexose equivalents) in the ripe fruits of L. cheesmanii was 3-fold higher than in L. esculentum, while L. chmielewskii and both F1 hybrids contained twice as much as the cultivar. With the exception of L. esculentum × L. cheesmanii, salinity increased the sugar content by 1.3 (wild species) and 1.7 times (cultivar and L. esculentum × L. chmielewskii) with respect to control fruits. Wild germplasm or salinity provided two different mechanisms for the increases in fruit sugar content. The hexoses accumulated in ripe fruits were strongly influenced by those accumulated at the start of ripening, but the hydrolysed starch before start of ripening only partially explained the final hexose levels and especially the increase under salinity. The early cell wall acid invertase and the late neutral invertase activities appeared to be related to the amount of hexoses accumulated in ripe fruits. However, no metabolic parameter was positively related to the amount of sugar accumulated (including sucrose). The major differences between genotypes appeared in ripe fruits, in which up to 50% of the total amount of sugars accumulated in the wild species (mainly in L. cheesmanii) and hybrids cannot be explained by the sugars accumulated and the starch hydrolysed before the start of ripening stage. As a consequence, the higher fruit quality of the wild species compared with L. esculentum may depend more on the continuation of sucrose import during ripening than on osmotic or metabolic particularities such as the hexose / sucrose-accumulator character or specific enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Genome diversity of tuber-bearing Solanum uncovers complex evolutionary history and targets of domestication in the cultivated potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. E9999-E10008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hardigan ◽  
F. Parker E. Laimbeer ◽  
Linsey Newton ◽  
Emily Crisovan ◽  
John P. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genome Diversity ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
The Impact

Cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), domesticated from wild Solanum species native to the Andes of southern Peru, possess a diverse gene pool representing more than 100 tuber-bearing relatives (Solanum section Petota). A diversity panel of wild species, landraces, and cultivars was sequenced to assess genetic variation within tuber-bearing Solanum and the impact of domestication on genome diversity and identify key loci selected for cultivation in North and South America. Sequence diversity of diploid and tetraploid S. tuberosum exceeded any crop resequencing study to date, in part due to expanded wild introgressions following polyploidy that captured alleles outside of their geographic origin. We identified 2,622 genes as under selection, with only 14–16% shared by North American and Andean cultivars, showing that a limited gene set drove early improvement of cultivated potato, while adaptation of upland (S. tuberosum group Andigena) and lowland (S. tuberosum groups Chilotanum and Tuberosum) populations targeted distinct loci. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling carbohydrate metabolism, glycoalkaloid biosynthesis, the shikimate pathway, the cell cycle, and circadian rhythm. Reduced sexual fertility that accompanied the shift to asexual reproduction in cultivars was reflected by signatures of selection in genes regulating pollen development/gametogenesis. Exploration of haplotype diversity at potato’s maturity locus (StCDF1) revealed introgression of truncated alleles from wild species, particularly S. microdontum in long-day–adapted cultivars. This study uncovers a historic role of wild Solanum species in the diversification of long-day–adapted tetraploid potatoes, showing that extant natural populations represent an essential source of untapped adaptive potential.

scholarly journals Utility of a high-resolution mouse single nucleotide polymorphism microarray assessed for rodent comparative genomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel D. Kelly ◽  
Maja Milojevic ◽  
Freda Qi ◽  
Kathleen A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotyping Array ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Genotyping Microarray ◽  
Species Hybridization

AbstractIn the study of genetic diversity in non-model species there is a notable lack of the low-cost, high resolution tools that are readily available for model organisms. Genotyping microarray technology for model organisms is well-developed, affordable, and potentially adaptable for cross-species hybridization. The Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array (MDGA), a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping tool designed for Mus musculus, was tested as a tool to survey genomic diversity of wild species for inter-order, inter-genus, and intra-genus comparisons. Application of the MDGA cross-species provides genetic distance information that reflects known taxonomic relationships reported previously between non-model species, but there is an underestimation of genetic diversity for non-Mus samples, indicated by a plateau in loci genotyped beginning 10-15 millions of years divergence from the house mouse. The number and types of samples included in datasets genotyped together must be considered in cross-species hybridization studies. The number of loci with heterozygous genotypes mapped to published genome sequences indicates potential for cross-species MDGA utility. A case study of seven deer mice yielded 159,797 loci (32% of loci queried by the MDGA) that were genotyped in these rodents. For one species, Peromyscus maniculatus, 6,075 potential polymorphic loci were identified. Cross-species utility of the MDGA provides needed genetic information for non-model species that are lacking genomic resources. Genotyping arrays are widely available, developed tools that are capable of capturing large amounts of genetic information in a single application, and represent a unique opportunity to identify genomic variation in closely related species that currently have a paucity of genomic information available. A candidate list of MDGA loci that can be utilized in cross-species hybridization studies was identified and may prove to be informative for rodent species that are known as environmental sentinels. Future studies may evaluate the utility of candidate SNP loci in populations of non-model rodents.Author SummaryThere is a need for a tool that can assay DNA sequence differences in species for which there is little or no DNA information available. One method of analyzing differences in DNA sequences in species with well-understood genomes is through a genotyping microarray, which has demonstrated utility cross-species. The Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array (MDGA) is a tool designed to examine known differences across the genome of the house mouse, Mus musculus. Given that related organisms share genetic similarity, the MDGA was tested for utility in identifying genome variation in other wild mice and rodents. Variation identified from distantly related species that were not of the same genus as the house mouse was an underestimate of the true amount of variation present in the genomes of wild species. Utility of the MDGA for wild species is best suited to mice from the same genus as the house mouse, and candidate variation identified can be tested in rodent populations in future studies. Identifying changes in genetic variation within populations of wild rodents can help researchers understand the links between specific genome changes and the ability to adapt to pressures in the environment, as well as better understand the evolution of rodents.

scholarly journals Resistance-inducing chemicals against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Santiago ◽  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Various resistance-inducing chemicals were assessed in the interaction between mango (Mangifera indica L.) and the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. These were salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid S-methyl ester (Actigard®)7, and other chemical compounds structurally similar, such as nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, isonicotinic acid ethyl ester, N-oxide isonicotinic acid, benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in C. gloeosporioidescolony growth were detected on culture media amended with the different resistance-inducing chemicals evaluated. At laboratory conditions, these compounds were sprayed to runoff on mango leaves and fruit pieces prior to inoculation. Lesion size was significantly reduced (P > 0.10) by concentrations ranging from 10-12 M to 10-6 M of salicylic acid (SA), 10-18 M and 10-14 M of isonicotinic acid (INA), 10-17 M to 10-2 M of Actigard®, and 10-10 M benzoic acid (BA). Salicylic acid, INA and BA caused toxicity on leaves at concentrations ranging from 10-1 to 10-3 M. Chemical compounds that induced resistance at laboratory conditions were further evaluated on six-month-old mango seedlings in a shade house. None of the chemicals tested significantly (P > 0.05) reduced lesion size caused by C. gloeosporioides. Other resistance-inducing chemicals not tested during these studies, such as probenazole, cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives, non-protein amino acids [β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and  ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] and Phytoguard®, should be evaluated individually and in combinations to clarify this lack of induced resistance in mango tissues. 

scholarly journals Resistance to Infection of Rice Tungro Viruses and Vector Resistance in Wild Species of Rice (Oryza spp.).

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuya KOBAYASI ◽  
Ryoichi IKEDA ◽  
Isaias T. DOMlNGO ◽  
Duncan A. VAUGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Resistance To Infection

scholarly journals Slime cells on the surface ofEragrostisseeds maintain a level of moisture around the grain to enhance germination

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kreitschitz ◽  
Zerihun Tadele ◽  
Edyta M. Gola
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Fruit Surface

AbstractEragrostisis a cosmopolitan genus of the familyPoaceae. Several wild species, includingE. pilosa(L.) Beauv., are harvested for food, but the only cultivated crop-species is tef [E. tef(Zucc.) Trotter]. Despite its importance as a staple food and its plasticity to diverse environmental conditions, little is known about the structural and physiological strategies that adapt tef seeds to endure diverse and variable moisture regimes. Here, we report the presence of slime cells, a type of modified epidermal cell, covering the fruit of tef and its wild relative,E. pilosa. The slime produced byEragrostisbelongs to the ‘true’ slime type, since it is exclusively composed of pectins. Pectin forms uniform layers on the cell wall inner surface, which are confined by a thin cellulose layer to prevent release into the cell lumen. In the presence of water, pectins quickly hydrate, causing swelling of the slime cells. This is followed by their detachment, which may be controlled by a thin cuticle layer on the fruit surface. The ability of slime to absorb and maintain moisture around the grain is thought to be an adaptive feature forEragrostisgrowing in dry habitats. This retention of water by slime may create conditions that are suitable for rapid germination.

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