scholarly journals A Response to Gupta et al. (2019) Regarding the MoT3 Wheat Blast Diagnostic Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarred Yasuhara-Bell ◽  
Michael L. Pieck ◽  
Amy Ruck ◽  
Mark L. Farman ◽  
Gary L. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Letter To The Editor

This is a response to a recent Letter to the Editor of Phytopathology, in which Gupta et al. (2019) caution against the indiscriminate use of the MoT3 diagnostic assay that distinguishes isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae in the Triticum lineage from those that do not cause aggressive wheat blast. We confirm that the assay does reliably distinguish between wheat and rice isolates from Bangladesh and worldwide, as described in the original paper by Pieck et al. (2017) . We have been unable to reproduce the equally intense amplification of WB12 and WB12-like sequences reported in Figure 1 of the Letter. Other data presented by Gupta et al. (2019) support the specificity of the MoT3 assay. Therefore, cautions beyond those always associated with accurate reproduction of diagnostic assays are unwarranted.

scholarly journals The MoT3 assay does not distinguish between Magnaporthe oryzae wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipali Rani Gupta ◽  
Claudia Sarai Reyes Avila ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Darren M. Soares ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTThe blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is comprised of lineages that exhibit varying degrees of specificity on about 50 grass hosts, including rice, wheat and barley. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential given that the pathogen has a propensity to jump to new hosts and spread to new geographic regions. Of particular concern is wheat blast, which has suddenly appeared in Bangladesh in 2016 before spreading to neighboring India. In these Asian countries, wheat blast strains are now co-occurring with the destructive rice blast pathogen raising the possibility of genetic exchange between these destructive pathogens. We assessed the recently described MoT3 diagnostic assay and found that it did not distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh. The assay is based on primers matching the WB12 sequence corresponding to a fragment of the M. oryzae MGG_02337 gene annotated as a short chain dehydrogenase. These primers could not reliably distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh based on DNA amplification experiments performed in separate laboratories in Bangladesh and in the UK. In addition, comparative genomics of the WB12 sequence revealed a complex underlying genetic structure with related sequences across M. oryzae strains and in both rice and wheat blast isolates. We, therefore, caution against the indiscriminate use of this assay to identify wheat blast.

scholarly journals Cautionary Notes on Use of the MoT3 Diagnostic Assay for Magnaporthe oryzae Wheat and Rice Blast Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipali Rani Gupta ◽  
Claudia Sarai Reyes Avila ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Darren M. Soanes ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Further Development

The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is comprised of lineages that exhibit varying degrees of specificity on about 50 grass hosts, including rice, wheat, and barley. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential given that the pathogen has a propensity to jump to new hosts and spread to new geographic regions. Of particular concern is wheat blast, which has suddenly appeared in Bangladesh in 2016 before spreading to neighboring India. In these Asian countries, wheat blast strains are now co-occurring with the destructive rice blast pathogen raising the possibility of genetic exchange between these destructive pathogens. We assessed the recently described MoT3 diagnostic assay and found that it did not distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh. The assay is based on primers matching the WB12 sequence corresponding to a fragment of the M. oryzae MGG_02337 gene annotated as a short chain dehydrogenase. These primers could not reliably distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh based on DNA amplification experiments performed in separate laboratories in Bangladesh and in the United Kingdom. Specifically, all eight rice blast isolates tested in this study produced the WB12 amplicon. In addition, comparative genomics of the WB12 nucleotide sequence revealed a complex underlying genetic structure with related sequences across M. oryzae strains and in both rice and wheat blast isolates. We, therefore, caution against the indiscriminate use of this assay to identify wheat blast and encourage further development of the assay to ensure its value in diagnosis.

Tracing seed to seeding transmission of the wheat blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Martinez ◽  
A. Wegner ◽  
S. Bohnert ◽  
U. Schaffrath ◽  
A. Perello
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Blast

Hazards of Baby Powder

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
HOWARD C. MOFENSON ◽  
THOMAS R. CARACCIO ◽  
SHARON OKUN ◽  
JOSEPH GREENSHER
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Data Table ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Community Population ◽  
Ventilator Therapy

To the Editor.— In a recent letter to the editor, Cotton and Davidson1 have brought the hazards of baby powder aspiration to the attention of the medical community. We have been monitoring episodes of possible powder inhalation and ingestion in our community (population 3 million) since 1980, when two infants were hospitalized [See table in the PDF file] for powder aspiration and one required ventilator therapy for two days. Our recent data (Table) shows a progressive decrease in the number of possible inhalations and ingestion episodes since 1981 when our article2 was published in Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatrics publicized the hazard of baby powder.

scholarly journals Overview of Portable Assays for the Detection of Mycotoxins, Allergens, and Sanitation Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W Sarver ◽  
David J Almy ◽  
Eric R Bergeron ◽  
Benjamin F Strong ◽  
Brent A Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Food Recalls ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Abstract Background Many food recalls are related to the presence of undeclared allergens and microorganisms in food products. To reduce these occurrences, portable diagnostic assay kits are available to quantitate mycotoxins, to detect allergens and gluten in foods and on environmental surfaces, and for sanitation monitoring. Objective This article reviews diagnostic kits that can detect sources of contamination in food and ingredients as well as on surfaces and clean-in-place rinses. Method Mycotoxins and gluten were detected using lateral flow diagnostic assays. Sanitation monitoring of surfaces was completed using a chemiluminescent assay to detect adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate (ATP) and another assay to detect protein. Results Gluten was detected at 10 ppm in spiked commodities and on wet and dry surfaces at 2.5 µg/100cm2. Deoxynivalenol was quantitated in dry distillers grains plus solubles and mean results were within two SDs of those determined by HPLC. The chemiluminescent assay had an LOD of 6 fmol of ATP and was able to detect a 1:10 000 dilution of orange juice from surfaces. The protein assay detected 5 µg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) directly applied to the sampler, 100 µg of BSA on surfaces, and detected 1:10 dilutions of Greek yogurt and raw beef from surfaces. Conclusions Portable diagnostic kits evaluated in this work provided accurate, rapid, and sensitive results for detection of mycotoxins, gluten, proteins, and ATP. These methods can be used in facilities with minimal training and provide results that are important to ensure food safety. Highlights Portable methods to detect gluten, mycotoxins, proteins, and ATP are presented.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) causing wheat blast disease on rain-fed grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batiseba Tembo ◽  
Rabson M. Mulenga ◽  
Suwilanji Sichilima ◽  
Kenneth K. M’siska ◽  
Moses Mwale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Wheat Blast

Photographs as Historic Documents: An Examination of Two of Evgenii Khaldei’s Budapest Photos

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Peter Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
To Come

In a recent letter to the editor of Slavic Review, I took issue with the identification and interpretation of two photographs that appeared in an article titled “Heroes, Victims, Role Models: Representing the Child Soldiers of the Warsaw Uprising.” The scenes were mistakenly identified as taking place in wartime Warsaw. While various perspectives may be taken on how one uses and interprets photographs in other disciplines, as an historian, I believe it to be essential that a strict review of the photographs’ origin be examined since they may force us to come to different conclusions about the reality of historical events, and possibly perpetrators of crimes. The crux of my argument follows.

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