scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Harpin Protein Hpa1 onto Pinellia ternata Induces Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1198
Author(s):  
Defu Wang ◽  
Baoxia Wang ◽  
Jiangran Wang ◽  
Shuting Wang ◽  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pinellia Ternata ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Harpin Protein

The harpin protein Hpa1 has various beneficial effects in plants, such as promoting plant growth and inducing pathogen resistance. Our previous study found that Hpa1 could significantly alleviate the mosaic symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Pinellia ternata, indicating that Hpa1 can effectively stimulate resistance. Here, the potential mechanism of disease resistance and field applicability of Hpa1 against TMV in P. ternata were further investigated. The results showed that 15 µg ml−1 Hpa1 had stronger antiviral activity than the control, and its protective effect was better than its curative effect. Furthermore, Hpa1 could significantly induce an increase in defense-related enzyme activity, including polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as increase the expression of disease resistance-related genes (PR1, PR3, PR5, and PDF1.2). Concurrently, Hpa1 significantly increased the content of some disease resistance-related substances, including hydrogen peroxide, phenolics, and callose, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was reduced. In addition, field application analysis demonstrated that Hpa1 could effectively elicit a defense response against TMV in P. ternata. Our findings propose a mechanism by which Hpa1 can prevent TMV infection in Pinellia by inducing systemic resistance, thereby providing an environmentally friendly approach for the use of Hpa1 in large-scale applications to improve TMV resistance in Pinellia.

Induction of systemic resistance against tobacco mosaic virus by Ningnanmycin in tobacco

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongguang Han ◽  
Yue Luo ◽  
Shirong Qin ◽  
Lei Xi ◽  
Bo Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Resistance

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Are Essential for Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
De-Hui Xi ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Response

Systemic resistance is induced by pathogens and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Recent studies have indicated that salicylic acid (SA) derivative methyl salicylate (MeSA) serves as a long-distance phloem-mobile systemic resistance signal in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and potato. However, other experiments indicate that jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical mobile signal. Here, we present evidence suggesting both MeSA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are essential for systemic resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), possibly acting as the initiating signals for systemic resistance. Foliar application of JA followed by SA triggered the strongest systemic resistance against TMV. Furthermore, we use a virus-induced gene-silencing–based genetics approach to investigate the function of JA and SA biosynthesis or signaling genes in systemic response against TMV infection. Silencing of SA or JA biosynthetic and signaling genes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased susceptibility to TMV. Genetic experiments also proved the irreplaceable roles of MeSA and MeJA in systemic resistance response. Systemic resistance was compromised when SA methyl transferase or JA carboxyl methyltransferase, which are required for MeSA and MeJA formation, respectively, were silenced. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that JA and MeJA accumulated in phloem exudates of leaves at early stages and SA and MeSA accumulated at later stages, after TMV infection. Our data also indicated that JA and MeJA could regulate MeSA and SA production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (Me)JA and (Me)SA are required for systemic resistance response against TMV.

scholarly journals Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Mentha Spicata Extract Induce Plant Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Mentha Spicata

Globally, plant viral infection is one of the most difficult challenges of food security, where considerable losses in crop production occur. Nanoparticles are an effective control agent against numerous plant pathogens. However, there is limited knowledge concerning their effects against viral infection. In the present study, the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mentha spicata was achieved. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the prepared ZnO NPs. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the resultant ZnO NPs were spherical in shape with a particle size ranged from 11 to 88 nm. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy detected different functional groups, capping and stability agents, and showed Zn-O bond within wavenumber of 487 cm−1. Under greenhouse conditions, the antiviral activity of biological synthesized ZnO NPs (100 µg/mL) against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was evaluated. The double foliar application of the prepared ZnO NPs, 24 h before and 24 h after TMV-inoculation, was the most effective treatment that showed a 90.21% reduction of viral accumulation level and disease severity. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of PAL, PR-1 (salicylic acid marker gene), CHS, and POD genes were induced and up-regulated in all ZnO NPs treated plants. Notably, the results exhibited that aqueous extract of Mentha spicata was an effective reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs, which showed significant antiviral activity. Finally, the detected protective and curative activity of ZnO NPs against TMV can encourage us to recommend its application for plant viral disease management. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the antiviral activity of the green synthesized ZnO NPs.

scholarly journals Sulfated Fucan Oligosaccharides Elicit Defense Responses in Tobacco and Local and Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Klarzynski ◽  
Valérie Descamps ◽  
Bertrand Plesse ◽  
Jean-Claude Yvin ◽  
Bernard Kloareg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Sulfated Fucan ◽  
Strong Stimulation ◽  
Local And Systemic Resistance

Sulfated fucans are common structural components of the cell walls of marine brown algae. Using a fucan-degrading hydrolase isolated from a marine bacterium, we prepared sulfated fucan oligosaccharides made of mono- and disulfated fucose units alternatively bound by α-1,4 and α-1,3 glycosidic linkages, respectively. Here, we report on the elicitor activity of such fucan oligosaccharide preparations in tobacco. In suspension cell cultures, oligofucans at the dose of 200 μg ml−1 rapidly induced a marked alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the release of hydrogen peroxide. This was followed within a few hours by a strong stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lipoxygenase activities. Tobacco leaves treated with oligofucans locally accumulated salicylic acid (SA) and the phytoalexin scopoletin and expressed several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, but they displayed no symptoms of cell death. Fucan oligosaccharides also induced the systemic accumulation of SA and the acidic PR protein PR-1, two markers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Consistently, fucan oligosaccharides strongly stimulated both local and systemic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The use of transgenic plants unable to accumulate SA indicated that, as in the SAR primed by TMV, SA is required for the establishment of oligofucan-induced resistance.

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