scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Are Essential for Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
De-Hui Xi ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Response

Systemic resistance is induced by pathogens and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Recent studies have indicated that salicylic acid (SA) derivative methyl salicylate (MeSA) serves as a long-distance phloem-mobile systemic resistance signal in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and potato. However, other experiments indicate that jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical mobile signal. Here, we present evidence suggesting both MeSA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are essential for systemic resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), possibly acting as the initiating signals for systemic resistance. Foliar application of JA followed by SA triggered the strongest systemic resistance against TMV. Furthermore, we use a virus-induced gene-silencing–based genetics approach to investigate the function of JA and SA biosynthesis or signaling genes in systemic response against TMV infection. Silencing of SA or JA biosynthetic and signaling genes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased susceptibility to TMV. Genetic experiments also proved the irreplaceable roles of MeSA and MeJA in systemic resistance response. Systemic resistance was compromised when SA methyl transferase or JA carboxyl methyltransferase, which are required for MeSA and MeJA formation, respectively, were silenced. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that JA and MeJA accumulated in phloem exudates of leaves at early stages and SA and MeSA accumulated at later stages, after TMV infection. Our data also indicated that JA and MeJA could regulate MeSA and SA production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (Me)JA and (Me)SA are required for systemic resistance response against TMV.

scholarly journals First Report of Protective Activity of Paronychia argentea Extract against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽  
Maha M. Alsubaie ◽  
Said I. Behiry
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

The widespread use of chemical control agents and pesticides for plant-pathogen control has caused many human health and environmental issues. Plant extracts and biocontrol agents have robust antimicrobial activity against different plant pathogens. However, their antiviral activities are still being investigated. In the present study, the methanol extract of Paronychia argentea was characterized and evaluated for its protective activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions at 21 days post-inoculation. The results showed that the foliar application of P. argentea extract (10 µg/mL) enhanced tomato plant growth, resulting in significant increases in shoot and root parameters and total chlorophyll contents. Moreover, a significant reduction in TMV accumulation level in P. argentea-treated plants of 77.88% compared to non-treated plants was reported. Furthermore, induction of systemic resistance with significant elevation in production of antioxidant enzymes (PPO, CAT, and SOD) and transcriptional levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-1 and PR-7) and polyphenolic genes (CHS and HQT) were also observed. Out of 16 detected compounds, HPLC analysis revealed that the most abundant polyphenolic compounds found in P. argentea extract were gallic acid (5.36 µg/mL), kaempferol (7.39 µg/mL), quercetin (7.44 µg/mL), ellagic acid (7.89 µg/mL), myricetin (8.36 µg/mL), and ferulic acid (8.69 µg/mL). The findings suggest that the use of P. argentea extract as an effective and safe source for the production of bioactive compounds may offer a solution for a promising approach for the management of plant viral infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the protective activity of P. argentea extract against plant viral diseases.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based discovery of genes and networks related to RSC3Q-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yongqing Yang ◽  
Jinlong Yin ◽  
Yingchao Shen ◽  
Bowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Resistance Response

Abstract Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a worldwide disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that can cause serious reduction in yield and seed quality. Soybean cv. Qihuang-1 is an important source of resistance to SMV in China, carrying a resistance gene (RSC3Q) against SMV strain SC3. In order to discover genes and networks regulated by RSC3Q-mediated resistance in Qihuang-1, we analysed transcriptome data of a pair of near-isogenic lines, R (RSC3Q) and S (rSC3Q), from the cross Qihuang-1 × Nannong 1138-2 (rSC3Q), after SC3 inoculation. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the R and S lines at 6, 20 and 48 h post-inoculation. Based on pathway-enrichment analysis of DEGs, three genes encoding calmodulin-like protein (Glyma03g28650, Glyma19g31395 and Glyma11g33790) with downregulated expression in the S line were identified in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway at 6 h post-inoculation. Analyses by quantitative real-time PCR were performed to verify that these three genes were not beneficial for SMV infection. Our results also revealed a complex plant-hormone signal network in RSC3Q-mediated resistance during the early stage of SMV infection. Expression of jasmonic acid repressor genes (TIFY/JAZ) and abscisic acid-induced genes (PP2C3a) was upregulated in the R line but not the S line. More DEGs related to indole-3-acetic acid were found in the R line than the S line, and no salicylic acid-related DEGs were identified. These results suggest that suppression of jasmonic acid or promotion of abscisic acid is important for RSC3Q-mediated resistance against SC3, and that salicylic acid may not act as a main regulator of RSC3Q-mediated resistance during early stages of SC3 infection. Growth and development were greatly affected through RSC3Q-mediated resistance responses after SC3 infection. Our understanding would be enhanced by identification of factors associated with RSC3Q that help to trigger the resistance response.

scholarly journals The Association of Tobacco mosaic virus with Green Spot of Cured Wrapper Tobacco Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Green Spot ◽  
Growth Chambers

Near-isogenic lines of cigar wrapper tobacco resistant or susceptible to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used to evaluate the association of TMV infection with green spot symptoms in cured leaves. TMV infection, as determined by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was detected on susceptible but not resistant plants in field experiments. Green spot severity on cured leaves was greater for susceptible than resistant plants, even when symptoms of TMV were not evident in the field. Some green spots were present on resistant leaves despite the fact that the virus was not detected by ELISA. Resistant and susceptible plants had similar responses to virus infection and similar ELISA detection of TMV when plants were held at continuous temperatures over 28°C in growth chambers. Plant resistance was not compromised in the field in cloth-covered shade tents even when 33.5 of the 96 h immediately following inoculation were above 28°C. Green spot of cured leaves was strongly associated with TMV infection in susceptible plants, even when plants were infected after leaf expansion and mosaic symptoms were not present. Green spot also occurred to a lesser extent and for a limited time in inoculated resistant plants. The development of green spot symptoms on cured leaves may be the result of either systemic infection of TMV-susceptible plants or associated with the systemic resistance response to TMV inoculation of resistant plants.

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