scholarly journals Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Mentha Spicata Extract Induce Plant Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Mentha Spicata

Globally, plant viral infection is one of the most difficult challenges of food security, where considerable losses in crop production occur. Nanoparticles are an effective control agent against numerous plant pathogens. However, there is limited knowledge concerning their effects against viral infection. In the present study, the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mentha spicata was achieved. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the prepared ZnO NPs. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the resultant ZnO NPs were spherical in shape with a particle size ranged from 11 to 88 nm. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy detected different functional groups, capping and stability agents, and showed Zn-O bond within wavenumber of 487 cm−1. Under greenhouse conditions, the antiviral activity of biological synthesized ZnO NPs (100 µg/mL) against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was evaluated. The double foliar application of the prepared ZnO NPs, 24 h before and 24 h after TMV-inoculation, was the most effective treatment that showed a 90.21% reduction of viral accumulation level and disease severity. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of PAL, PR-1 (salicylic acid marker gene), CHS, and POD genes were induced and up-regulated in all ZnO NPs treated plants. Notably, the results exhibited that aqueous extract of Mentha spicata was an effective reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs, which showed significant antiviral activity. Finally, the detected protective and curative activity of ZnO NPs against TMV can encourage us to recommend its application for plant viral disease management. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the antiviral activity of the green synthesized ZnO NPs.

scholarly journals Bacillus velezensis PEA1 Inhibits Fusarium oxysporum Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Said I. Behiry ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Bacillus velezensis manifests robust biocontrol activity against fungal plant pathogens; however, its antiviral activity has rarely been investigated. Bacillus velezensis strain PEA1 was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for antifungal and antiviral activities against Fusarium oxysporum MT270445 and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) MN594112. Our findings proved that strain PEA1 had intense antagonist activity against F.oxysporum. Under greenhouse conditions, the antiviral activities (protective, curative, and inactivation) of PEA1-culture filtrate (CF) on Datura stramonium plants were assayed, using a half-leaf method. The inactivation treatment exhibited the highest inhibition rate (97.56%) and the most considerable reduction of CMV-CP accumulation levels (2.1-fold) in PEA1-CF-treated plants when compared with untreated plants (26.9-fold). Furthermore, PEA1-CF induced systemic resistance with significantly elevated transcriptional levels of PAL, CHS, HQT, PR-1, and POD genes in D. stramonium leaves after all treatments. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry analysis showed that pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is the main compound in the PEA1-CF ethyl acetate extract, which may act as an elicitor molecule that induces plant systemic resistance and inhibits both fungal growth and viral replication. Consequently, B. velezensis can be considered as a potential source for the production of bioactive compounds for the management of plant diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antiviral activity of B. velezensis against plant viral infection.

scholarly journals First Report of Protective Activity of Paronychia argentea Extract against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽  
Maha M. Alsubaie ◽  
Said I. Behiry
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

The widespread use of chemical control agents and pesticides for plant-pathogen control has caused many human health and environmental issues. Plant extracts and biocontrol agents have robust antimicrobial activity against different plant pathogens. However, their antiviral activities are still being investigated. In the present study, the methanol extract of Paronychia argentea was characterized and evaluated for its protective activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions at 21 days post-inoculation. The results showed that the foliar application of P. argentea extract (10 µg/mL) enhanced tomato plant growth, resulting in significant increases in shoot and root parameters and total chlorophyll contents. Moreover, a significant reduction in TMV accumulation level in P. argentea-treated plants of 77.88% compared to non-treated plants was reported. Furthermore, induction of systemic resistance with significant elevation in production of antioxidant enzymes (PPO, CAT, and SOD) and transcriptional levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-1 and PR-7) and polyphenolic genes (CHS and HQT) were also observed. Out of 16 detected compounds, HPLC analysis revealed that the most abundant polyphenolic compounds found in P. argentea extract were gallic acid (5.36 µg/mL), kaempferol (7.39 µg/mL), quercetin (7.44 µg/mL), ellagic acid (7.89 µg/mL), myricetin (8.36 µg/mL), and ferulic acid (8.69 µg/mL). The findings suggest that the use of P. argentea extract as an effective and safe source for the production of bioactive compounds may offer a solution for a promising approach for the management of plant viral infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the protective activity of P. argentea extract against plant viral diseases.

Induction of systemic resistance against tobacco mosaic virus by Ningnanmycin in tobacco

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongguang Han ◽  
Yue Luo ◽  
Shirong Qin ◽  
Lei Xi ◽  
Bo Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Resistance

A unique spiro-β-triazinedione-γ-hydantoin type alkaloid with antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus from Streptomyces gamaensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 3215-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Guo ◽  
Jidong Wang ◽  
Can Su ◽  
Chongxi Liu ◽  
Xiao-Yan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Actinomycete Strain ◽  
Soil Actinomycete

Chemical investigation of a soil actinomycete strain Streptomyces gamaensis NEAU-Gz11 led to the isolation of three alkaloids 1–3 with antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Harpin Protein Hpa1 onto Pinellia ternata Induces Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1198
Author(s):  
Defu Wang ◽  
Baoxia Wang ◽  
Jiangran Wang ◽  
Shuting Wang ◽  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pinellia Ternata ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Harpin Protein

The harpin protein Hpa1 has various beneficial effects in plants, such as promoting plant growth and inducing pathogen resistance. Our previous study found that Hpa1 could significantly alleviate the mosaic symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Pinellia ternata, indicating that Hpa1 can effectively stimulate resistance. Here, the potential mechanism of disease resistance and field applicability of Hpa1 against TMV in P. ternata were further investigated. The results showed that 15 µg ml−1 Hpa1 had stronger antiviral activity than the control, and its protective effect was better than its curative effect. Furthermore, Hpa1 could significantly induce an increase in defense-related enzyme activity, including polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as increase the expression of disease resistance-related genes (PR1, PR3, PR5, and PDF1.2). Concurrently, Hpa1 significantly increased the content of some disease resistance-related substances, including hydrogen peroxide, phenolics, and callose, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was reduced. In addition, field application analysis demonstrated that Hpa1 could effectively elicit a defense response against TMV in P. ternata. Our findings propose a mechanism by which Hpa1 can prevent TMV infection in Pinellia by inducing systemic resistance, thereby providing an environmentally friendly approach for the use of Hpa1 in large-scale applications to improve TMV resistance in Pinellia.

scholarly journals Spicing Up the N Gene: F. O. Holmes and Tobacco mosaic virus Resistance in Capsicum and Nicotiana Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen-Beth G. Scholthof
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Interspecies Hybridization ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Intensive Work

One of the seminal events in plant pathology was the discovery by Francis O. Holmes that necrotic local lesions induced on certain species of Nicotiana following rub-inoculation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was due to a specific interaction involving a dominant host gene (N). From this, Holmes had an idea that if the N gene from N. glutinosa was introgressed into susceptible tobacco, the greatly reduced titer of TMV would, by extension, prevent subsequent infection of tomato and pepper plants by field workers whose hands were contaminated with TMV from their use of chewing and smoking tobacco. The ultimate outcome has many surprising twists and turns, including Holmes’ failure to obtain fertile crosses of N. glutinosa × N. tabacum after 3 years of intensive work. Progress was made with N. digluta, a rare amphidiploid that was readily crossed with N. tabacum. And, importantly, the first demonstration by Holmes of the utility of interspecies hybridization for virus resistance was made with Capsicum (pepper) species with the identification of the L gene in Tabasco pepper, that he introgressed into commercial bell pepper varieties. Holmes’ findings are important as they predate Flor’s gene-for-gene hypothesis, show the use of interspecies hybridization for control of plant pathogens, and the use of the local lesion as a bioassay to monitor resistance events in crop plants.

Bitriazolyl acyclonucleosides with antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 2804-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Zhijin Fan ◽  
Fanqi Qu ◽  
Qiongyou Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus
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