Analyses of Wheat Yellow Rust Populations Reveal Sexual Recombination and Seasonal Migration Pattern of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Gangu, Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Huang ◽  
Taiguo Liu ◽  
Shiqin Cao ◽  
Jonathan Yuen ◽  
Jiasui Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of wheat yellow rust with records of regular and severe epidemics in China. This study explored the population dynamics of the yellow rust pathogen in Gangu, northwestern China. In Gangu, the Weihe River runs from west to east and divides Gangu into three regions: North and South mountain, with the valley in between. To study the genetic structure of the pathogen in local populations, samples were collected over 3 years from the three regions at different altitudes both within and between the wheat cropping seasons. A total of 811 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were successfully genotyped using 16 simple sequence repeat markers. The results suggest that P. striiformis f. sp. tritici can survive year-round in Gangu. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici populations migrated among the regions, and the migration pattern was not related to altitude. The oversummering populations in the North and South mountain regions were genetically different from each other; and the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici populations collected from the lower altitude in the valley had no relationship with any of the populations collected in the spring or fall, indicating that they too have a different origin. Signatures of random mating were found in the populations collected in both North and South mountain regions, but not in the valley populations.

scholarly journals Whole genome resequencing and comparative genome analysis of three Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes prevalent in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Singh Yadav ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
Jaspal Kaur ◽  
Deepak Singla ◽  
Satinder Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
The North ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

Stripe rust disease of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, ( Pst ) is one of the most serious diseases of wheat worldwide. In India, virulent stripe rust races have been constantly evolving in the North-Western Plains Zone leading to the failure of some of the most widely grown resistant varieties in the region. With the goal of studying the recent evolution of virulent races in this region, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of three prevalent Indian Pst pathotypes Pst46S119, Pst78S84 and Pst110S119. We assembled 58.62, 58.33 and 55.78 Mb of Pst110S119, Pst46S119 and Pst78S84 genome, respectively. Pathotypes were found to be highly heterozygous. Comparative phylogenetic analysis indicated the recent evolution of pathotypes Pst110S119 and Pst78S84 from Pst46S119. Pathogenicity-related genes classes (CAZyme, proteases, effectors, and secretome proteins) were identified and found to be under positive selection. Higher rate of gene family expansion was also observed in the three pathotypes. A strong association between the effector genes and transposable elements may be the source of the rapid evolution of these strains. Phylogenetic analysis differentiated the Indian races in this study from other known US, European, African and Asian races. Diagnostic markers developed for the identification of different Pst pathotypes will help tracking of yellow rust at farmers’ field and strategizing resistance gene deployment.

scholarly journals The Genetic Structure of Populations of the Douglas-Fir Swiss Needle Cast Fungus Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Bennett ◽  
I. A. Hood ◽  
J. K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast ◽  
North And South

Swiss needle cast is a foliar disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) that results in premature foliage loss and reduced growth. The causal fungus, Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, was first detected in New Zealand in 1959 and spread throughout the North and South Islands over the following decades. The contemporary genetic structure of the N. gaeumannii population in New Zealand was assessed by analyzing 468 multilocus SSR genotypes (MLGs) from 2,085 N. gaeumannii isolates collected from 32 sites in the North and South Islands. Overall diversity was lower than that reported from native N. gaeumannii populations in the northwestern United States, which was expected given that N. gaeumannii is introduced in New Zealand. Linkage disequilibrium was significantly higher than expected under random mating, suggesting that population structure is clonal. Populations of N. gaeumannii in the North and South Islands were weakly differentiated, and the isolates collected from sites within the islands were moderately differentiated. This suggests that gene flow has occurred between the N. gaeumannii populations in the North and South Islands, and between the local N. gaeumannii populations within each island. Eighteen isolates of N. gaeumannii Lineage 2, which has previously been reported only from western Oregon, were recovered from two sites in the North Island and four sites in the South Island. The most likely explanation for the contemporary distribution of N. gaeumannii in New Zealand is that it was introduced on infected live seedlings through the forestry or ornamental nursery trade, as the fungus is neither seed borne nor saprobic, and the observed population structure is not consistent with a stochastic intercontinental dispersal event.

scholarly journals Population studies of causative agent of wheat yellow rust in the Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Shaydayuk ◽  
Elena I. Gultyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Wheat yellow rust (causative agent Puccinia striiformis West.) is a widespread disease of common wheat in the North-West Russia. A comparative analysis of P. striiformis populations, collected in the Leningrad region in 2019 on wheat and triticale, by virulence and racial composition was carried out for the first time. Virulence and racial composition of P. striiformis were studied using international and European sets of differentiating varieties and isogenic lines of “Avocet” with 20 Yr genes. A total of 55 single-pustule isolates of P. striiformis were studied, including 31 from common wheat, 10 from durum wheat and 14 from triticale. Using differentiating varieties, 2 races (111E247, 110E247) were identified among isolates from common wheat, 3 races from durum wheat (111E213, 111E231, 111E247), and 5 races from triticale (111E247, 78E209, 79E209, 111E231, 78E215). Using “Avocet” isogenic Yr lines, all isolates were avirulent to lines with the Yr5, Yr10, Yr11, Yr12, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26 genes and virulent to Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr18, YrSp, YrJr(18), YrAS genes. Isolates virulent to Yr17 were revealed on triticale; avirulent to YrSk (27) – on durum wheat. and avirulent to YrAR – on triticale. Highly effective Yr genes can be recommended for wheat resistance breeding to to yellow rust.

Pathotypic evolution in Puccinia striiformis in India during 1995 - 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prashar ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
S. K. Jain ◽  
D. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
South Hills ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western

Yellow rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis) distribution was monitored in different wheat-production zones (north-western plains zone, north hills zone, and south hills zone) of India during the last decade (1994–2004). Studies indicated the predominance of 3 pathotypes: 46S102 (46E149), 47S103 (47E148), and 46S119 (46E149+Yr9) in the north-western plains zone. These pathotypes were detected for the first time in 1995–96 and are evolving frequently. Another pathotype (78S84), although present in low frequency, was first detected from northern India and is virulent on Yr9 and Yr27, posing a major threat to cv. PBW343, which carries these genes. The high altitudes of the northern hills where very primitive wheat cultivars are grown showed less variability for the yellow rust pathogen. Continued breeding efforts and replacement of cultivars have resulted in low specialisation in the yellow rust pathogen in the south hills zone and pathotype 38S102 predominated in this area during the last decade.

Preliminary results of the study on the reasons of the Hai Hau erosion phenomenon

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Pham Van Ninh ◽  
Phan Ngoc Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Dinh Van Manh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Red River ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
The North ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
North And South ◽  
Very High

Overall the evolution process of the Red River Delta based on the maps and historical data resulted in a fact that before the 20th century all the Nam Dinh coastline was attributed to accumulation. Then started the erosion process at Xuan Thuydistrict and from the period of 1935 - 1965 the most severe erosion was contributed in the stretch from Ha Lan to Hai Trieu, 1965 - 1990 in Hai Chinh - Hai Hoa, 1990 - 2005 in the middle part of Hai Chinh - Hai Thinh (Hai Hau district). The adjoining stretches were suffered from not severe erosion. At the same time, the Ba Lat mouth is advanced to the sea and to the North and South direction by the time with a very high rate.The first task of the mathematical modeling of coastal line evolution of Hai Hau is to evaluate this important historical marked periods e. g. to model the coastal line at the periods before 1900, 1935 - 1965; 1965 - 1990; 1990 - 2005. The tasks is very complicated and time and working labors consuming.In the paper, the primarily results of the above mentioned simulations (as waves, currents, sediments transports and bottom - coastal lines evolution) has been shown. Based on the obtained results, there is a strong correlation between the protrusion magnitude and the southward moving of the erosion areas.

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