scholarly journals Genetics of Resistance to Wheat Leaf Rust, Stem Rust, and Powdery Mildew in Aegilops sharonensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Olivera ◽  
E. Millet ◽  
Y. Anikster ◽  
B. J. Steffenson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Allelism Tests

Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) is a wild relative of wheat and a rich source of genetic diversity for disease resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis and also the allelic relationships between genes controlling resistance to each disease. Progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated for their disease reaction at the seedling and/or adult plant stage to determine the number and action of genes conferring resistance. Two different genes conferring resistance to leaf rust races THBJ and BBBB were identified in accessions 1644 and 603. For stem rust, the same single gene was found to confer resistance to race TTTT in accessions 1644 and 2229. Resistance to stem rust race TPMK was conferred by two genes in accessions 1644 and 603. A contingency test revealed no association between genes conferring resistance to leaf rust race THBJ and stem rust race TTTT or between genes conferring resistance to stem rust race TTTT and powdery mildew isolate UM06-01, indicating that the respective resistance genes are not linked. Three accessions (1644, 2229, and 1193) were found to carry a single gene for resistance to powdery mildew. Allelism tests revealed that the resistance gene in accession 1644 is different from the respective single genes present in either 2229 or 1193. The simple inheritance of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis should simplify the transfer of resistance to wheat in wide crosses.

scholarly journals Candidate Genes Underlying QTL for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maksymilian Dyda ◽  
Mirosław Tyrka ◽  
Gabriela Gołębiowska ◽  
Marcin Rapacz ◽  
Maria Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Corepressor Complex ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Plant Stage

Abstract Combining to tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses is important target for modern triticale breeding. Cultivation of varieties resistant to fungal pathogens is economically and environmentally important and may lead to reducing of the use of fungicides. Molecular markers are necessary for accumulation of advantageous alleles in the best genotypes by means of marker-assisted and genomic selection approaches. In present research, QTL regions associated with the powdery mildew resistance at adult plant stage were evaluated in order to provide the effective selection tools. Testing of DH population in multiple environments under natural infestation revealed 20 QTL on wheat (4A, 3B, 4B) and rye (2R, 4R, 5R, 6R) chromosomes. Regions explained 8.1% - 29.3% of phenotypic variation depending of the trait, localization and year of the experiment. Main QTL with effect exceeding 15% were found on chromosomes 3B, 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R. QTL and candidate genes located on chromosomes 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R are so far reported for the first time as regions associated with PM resistance in the adult triticale plants. Additionally, within all QTL, 21 candidate genes associated with the PM resistance were revealed. Predicted function of protein encoded by these genes include triggering a defense system which restricts the pathogen growth, enzyme activity, regulation of hormone-activated pathways, transcriptional corepressor complex and cell wall construction. Availability of QTL, molecular markers together with candidate genes linked with the powdery mildew resistance can be validated on triticale lines and varieties and then, used in MAS to improve modern breeding.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene pmDHT at or Closely Linked to the Pm5 Locus in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Dahongtou

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Qie ◽  
Yuan Sheng ◽  
Hongxing Xu ◽  
Yuli Jin ◽  
Feifei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wheat Landrace ◽  
Allelism Tests ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Chinese wheat landrace Dahongtou was resistant to 35 of 38 tested Chinese isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis of the F2 populations and their derived F2:3 families of crosses of Dahongtou with the susceptible varieties Mingxian 169 and Huixianhong indicated that the resistance of Dahongtou to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 was conferred by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated as pmDHT. The gene was mapped to chromosome arm 7BL and flanked by markers Xwmc526/XBE443877 and Xgwm611/Xwmc511 at genetic distances of 0.8 and 0.3 cM, respectively. The chromosomal position of pmDHT was similar to the multi-allelic Pm5 locus on 7BL. Allelism tests with crosses of Dahongtou with Fuzhuang 30 (Pm5e) and Xiaobaidong (mlxbd) indicated that pmDHT was allelic to both Pm5e and mlxbd. However, pmDHT showed a different pattern of resistance to the 38 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates compared with wheat lines with Pm5a, Pm5b, Pm5e, mlxbd, and PmHYM and also differed from PmSGA. Thus, pmDHT was identified most likely as a new allele or at least a closely linked gene of the Pm5 locus. This gene can be transferred into susceptible wheat cultivars/lines and pyramided with other resistance genes through marker-assisted selection to improve powdery mildew resistance.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Bread Wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Liang ◽  
K. Suenaga ◽  
Z. H. He ◽  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
H. Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Trait Loci

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major disease to wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Use of adult-plant resistance (APR) is an effective method to develop wheat cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. In the present study, 432 molecular markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for APR to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid (DH) population with 107 lines derived from the cross Fukuho-komugi × Oligoculm. Field trials were conducted in Beijing and Anyang, China during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping seasons, respectively. The DH lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Artificial inoculation was carried out in Beijing with highly virulent isolate E20 of B. graminis f. sp. tritici and the powdery mildew severity on penultimate leaf was evaluated four times, and the maximum disease severity (MDS) on penultimate leaf was investigated in Anyang under natural inoculation in May 2004 and 2005. The heritability of resistance to powdery mildew for MDS in 2 years and two locations ranged from 0.82 to 0.93, while the heritability for area under the disease progress curve was between 0.84 and 0.91. With the method of composite interval mapping, four QTL for APR to powdery mildew were detected on chromosomes 1AS, 2BL, 4BL, and 7DS, explaining 5.7 to 26.6% of the phenotypic variance. Three QTL on chromosomes 1AS, 2BL, and 7DS were derived from the female, Fukuho-komugi, while the one on chromosome 4BL was from the male, Oligoculm. The QTL on chromosome 1AS showed high genetic effect on powdery mildew resistance, accounting for 19.5 to 26.6% of phenotypic variance across two environments. The QTL on 7DS associated with the locus Lr34/Yr18, flanked by microsatellite Xgwm295.1 and Ltn (leaf tip necrosis). These results will benefit for improving powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals 089 Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 404A-404
Author(s):  
James W. Olmstead ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Gary G. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Most sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown commercially in the Pacific Northwest U.S. are susceptible to powdery mildew caused by the fungus Podosphaera clandestina (Wall.:Fr.) Lev. The disease is prevalent in the irrigated arid region east of the Cascade Mountains in Washington State. Little is known about genetic resistance to powdery mildew in sweet cherry, although a selection (`PMR-1') was identified at the Washington State Unive. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center that exhibits apparent foliar immunity to the disease. The objective of this research was to characterize the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance from `PMR-1'. Reciprocal crosses between `PMR-1' and three high-quality, widely-grown susceptible cultivars (`Bing', `Rainier', and ëVaní) were made to generate segregating progenies for determining the mode of inheritance of `PMR-1' resistance. Progenies were screened for susceptibility to powdery mildew colonization using a laboratory leaf disk assay. Assay results were verified by natural spread of powdery mildew among the progeny seedlings in a greenhouse and later by placement among infected trees in a cherry orchard. Progenies from these crosses were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when tested for a 1:1 resistant to susceptible segregation ratio, indicating that `PMR-1' resistance is conferred by a single gene, which we propose to designate as PMR-1.

scholarly journals Powdery mildew resistance of barley accessions from Dagestan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
R. A. Abdullaev ◽  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
N. V. Alpatieva ◽  
B. A. Batasheva ◽  
I. N. Anisimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Powdery mildew caused by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal is one of the most common diseases of barley. Growing resistant varieties can significantly minimize harmful effects of the pathogen. The specificity in the interaction between the fungus and its host plant requires a continuous search for new donors of the resistance trait. The powdery mildew resistance of 264 barley accessions from Dagestan and genetic control of the trait in resistant forms were studied under field and laboratory conditions. Forty-seven barley lines carrying previously identified powdery mildew resistance genes were also examined. During three years, the experimental material was evaluated under severe infection pressure at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (North Caucasus, Derbent). Juvenile resistance against the Northwest (St. Petersburg, Pushkin) pathogen population was evaluated in a climatic chamber. The genetic control of B. graminis resistance in the selected accessions was studied with the application of hybridological and molecular analyses. The level of genetic diversity of Dagestan barley for effective resistance to powdery mildew is very low. Only two accessions, VIR-23787 and VIR-28212, are resistant against B. graminis at both seedling and adult plant stages. The high-level resistance of breeding line VIR-28212 originating from barley landrace VIR-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien) from Ethiopia is controlled by the recessive gene mlo11. Accession VIR-17554 is heterogeneous for the studied trait, with the powdery mildew resistant genotypes belonging to two varieties, dupliatrum (an awnless phenotype) and nigrinudum (an awned phenotype). In accession VIR-23787, a recessive resistance gene distinct from the mlo11 allele was identified. This accession is supposed to be protected by a new, effective pathogen resistance gene.

Genetic Mapping of Adult-Plant Resistance Genes to Powdery Mildew in Triticale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maksymilian Dyda ◽  
Mirosław Tyrka ◽  
Gabriela Gołębiowska ◽  
Marcin Rapacz ◽  
Maria Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Progress Curve

Abstract Triticale is a cereal of high economic importance, however along with the increase in the area of this cereal, it is more often infected by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis, which causes powdery mildew. The rapid development of molecular biology techniques, in particular methods based on molecular markers may be an important tool used in modern plant breeding. Development of genetic maps, location of the QTLs defining the region of the genome associated with resistance and selection of markers linked to particular trait can be used to select resistant genotypes as well as to pyramidize several resistance genes in one variety. In this paper we present a new, high-density genetic map of triticale doubled haploids (DH) population ‘Grenado’ x ‘Zorro’ composed of DArT, silicoDArT and SNP markers. Composite interval mapping method was used to detect eight QTL regions associated with the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and 15 regions with the average value of powdery mildew infection (avPM) based on observation conducted in 3-year period in three different locations across the Poland. Two regions on rye chromosome 4R, and single loci on 5R and 6R were reported for the first time as regions associated with powdery mildew resistance. Among all QTLs, 14 candidate genes were identified coded cyclin-dependent kinase, serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein as well as AMEIOTIC 1 homolog DYAD-like protein, DETOXIFICATION 16-like protein and putative disease resistance protein RGA3. Three of identified candidate genes were found among newly described QTL regions associated with powdery mildew resistance in triticale.

Mapping wheat powdery mildew resistance derived from Aegilops markgrafii

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Weidner ◽  
Marion S. Röder ◽  
Andreas Börner
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Bread Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Map Location

The pattern of inheritance of powdery mildew resistance expressed by two bread wheat (cultivar ‘Alcedo’)/Aegilops markgrafii introgression lines was explored using F2 populations bred from crosses made with the powdery mildew-susceptible cultivar ‘Kanzler’. Disease reaction was tested at both seedling and adult plant stages. Two resistance loci, designated QPm.ipk-1A and QPm.ipk-7A, were identified as mapping to the distal ends of chromosome arms 1AS and 7AL, respectively. Whereas QPm.ipk-1A was expressed throughout the plant's life, QPm.ipk-7A was only effective at the seedling stage. The map location of both resistance loci indicated that resistances originated from A. markgrafii. The possible genetic relationship of these disease-resistant genes to known Pm genes is discussed in the context of synteny.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document