Superoxide Generation in Extracts from Isolated Plant Cell Walls Is Regulated by Fungal Signal Molecules

Fractions solubilized with NaCl from cell walls of pea and cowpea plants catalyzed the formation of blue formazan from nitroblue tetrazolium. Because superoxide dismutase decreased formazan production by over 90%, superoxide anion (O2¯) may participate in the formation of formazan in the solubilized cell wall fractions. The formazan formation in the fractions solubilized from pea and cowpea cell walls was markedly reduced by exclusion of NAD(P)H, manganese ion, or p-coumaric acid from the reaction mixture. The formazan formation was severely inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid and catalase, but not by imidazole, pyridine, quinacrine, and diphenyleneiodonium. An elicitor preparation from the pea pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes enhanced the activities of formazan formation nonspecifically in both pea and cowpea fractions. The suppressor preparation from M. pinodes inhibited the activity in the pea fraction in the presence or absence of the elicitor. In the cowpea fraction, however, the suppressor did not inhibit the elicitor-enhanced activity, and the suppressor alone stimulated formazan formation. These results indicated that O2¯ generation in the fractions solubilized from pea and cowpea cell walls seems to be catalyzed by cell wall-bound peroxidase(s) and that the plant cell walls alone are able to respond to the elicitor non-specifically and to the suppressor in a species-specific manner, suggesting the plant cell walls may play an important role in determination of plant-fungal pathogen specificity.

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Determination of Subunit Composition of Clostridium cellulovorans Cellulosomes That Degrade Plant Cell Walls

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.4.1610-1615.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1610-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Koichiro Murashima ◽

Akihiko Kosugi ◽

Roy H. Doi

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Scaffolding Protein ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Clostridium Cellulovorans ◽

Plant Cell Wall Degradation

ABSTRACT Clostridium cellulovorans produces a cellulase enzyme complex (cellulosome). In this study, we isolated two plant cell wall-degrading cellulosomal fractions from culture supernatant of C. cellulovorans and determined their subunit compositions and enzymatic activities. One of the cellulosomal fractions showed fourfold-higher plant cell wall-degrading activity than the other. Both cellulosomal fractions contained the same nine subunits (the scaffolding protein CbpA, endoglucanases EngE and EngK, cellobiohydrolase ExgS, xylanase XynA, mannanase ManA, and three unknown proteins), although the relative amounts of the subunits differed. Since only cellobiose was released from plant cell walls by the cellulosomal fractions, cellobiohydrolases were considered to be key enzymes for plant cell wall degradation.

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Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1263

Author(s):

David Stuart Thompson ◽

Azharul Islam

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Water Content ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Degree Of Hydration ◽

Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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Cross-polarisation Kinetics and the Determination of Proton Mobility in Hydrated Plant Cell Walls

Advances in Magnetic Resonance in Food Science ◽

10.1533/9781845698133.3.158 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.C. Jarvis ◽

M.A. Ha ◽

R.J. Viëtor

Keyword(s):

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Proton Mobility

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A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107437/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huimin Xu ◽

Yuanyuan Zhao ◽

Yuanzhen Suo ◽

Yayu Guo ◽

Yi Man ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Raman Scattering ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Label Free ◽

Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

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Isolation and Characterization of Plant Cell Walls and Cell Wall Components

Methods for Plant Molecular Biology ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-743655-5.50007-5 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 3-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

WILLIAM S. YORK ◽

ALAN G. DARVILL ◽

MICHAEL MCNEIL ◽

THOMAS T. STEVENSON ◽

PETER ALBERSHEIM

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Wall Components

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HPLC for the Separation and Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Cell Walls

High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Plant Sciences - Modern Methods of Plant Analysis ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-82951-2_6 ◽

1987 ◽

pp. 92-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. D. Hartley

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Walls

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Isolation and characterization of plant cell walls and cell wall components

Methods in Enzymology - Plant Molecular Biology ◽

10.1016/0076-6879(86)18062-1 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 3-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 766

Author(s):

William S. York ◽

Alan G. Darvill ◽

Michael McNeil ◽

Thomas T. Stevenson ◽

Peter Albersheim

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Wall Components

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Plasmodesmata-Related Structural and Functional Proteins: The Long Sought-After Secrets of a Cytoplasmic Channel in Plant Cell Walls

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2946 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiao Han ◽

Li-Jun Huang ◽

Dan Feng ◽

Wenhan Jiang ◽

Wenzhuo Miu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Cell Contact ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Organelles

Plant cells are separated by cellulose cell walls that impede direct cell-to-cell contact. In order to facilitate intercellular communication, plant cells develop unique cell-wall-spanning structures termed plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels that link the cytoplasm, plasma membranes, and endoplasmic reticulum of adjacent cells to provide cytoplasmic and membrane continuity for molecular trafficking. PD play important roles for the development and physiology of all plants. The structure and function of PD in the plant cell walls are highly dynamic and tightly regulated. Despite their importance, plasmodesmata are among the few plant cell organelles that remain poorly understood. The molecular properties of PD seem largely elusive or speculative. In this review, we firstly describe the general PD structure and its protein composition. We then discuss the recent progress in identification and characterization of PD-associated plant cell-wall proteins that regulate PD function, with particular emphasis on callose metabolizing and binding proteins, and protein kinases targeted to and around PD.

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