Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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Atomic force microscopy of plant cell walls, plant cell wall polysaccharides and gels

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/s0141-8130(97)00042-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

V.J Morris ◽

A.P Gunning ◽

A.R Kirby ◽

A Round ◽

K Waldron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force

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A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107437/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huimin Xu ◽

Yuanyuan Zhao ◽

Yuanzhen Suo ◽

Yayu Guo ◽

Yi Man ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Raman Scattering ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Label Free ◽

Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

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Plasmodesmata-Related Structural and Functional Proteins: The Long Sought-After Secrets of a Cytoplasmic Channel in Plant Cell Walls

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2946 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiao Han ◽

Li-Jun Huang ◽

Dan Feng ◽

Wenhan Jiang ◽

Wenzhuo Miu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Cell Contact ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Organelles

Plant cells are separated by cellulose cell walls that impede direct cell-to-cell contact. In order to facilitate intercellular communication, plant cells develop unique cell-wall-spanning structures termed plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels that link the cytoplasm, plasma membranes, and endoplasmic reticulum of adjacent cells to provide cytoplasmic and membrane continuity for molecular trafficking. PD play important roles for the development and physiology of all plants. The structure and function of PD in the plant cell walls are highly dynamic and tightly regulated. Despite their importance, plasmodesmata are among the few plant cell organelles that remain poorly understood. The molecular properties of PD seem largely elusive or speculative. In this review, we firstly describe the general PD structure and its protein composition. We then discuss the recent progress in identification and characterization of PD-associated plant cell-wall proteins that regulate PD function, with particular emphasis on callose metabolizing and binding proteins, and protein kinases targeted to and around PD.

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Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c5sm02085a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1534-1549 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Marta Martínez-Sanz ◽

Michael J. Gidley ◽

Elliot P. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Solvent Accessibility ◽

Hierarchical Architecture ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Sans Data

SANS data of bacterial cellulose and its composites with plant cell wall polysaccharides can be described by a core–shell model which accounts for the distinct solvent accessibility to the ribbons' inner/outer regions.

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Effects of lasalocid and cationomycin on the digestion of plant cell walls in sheep

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas91-048 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Catherine Bogaert ◽

L. Gomez ◽

J. P. Jouany

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Flow Measurements

The effect of lasalocid and cationomycin on plant cell wall digestion was tested in a Latin square design experiment over three periods on six adult sheep fed three diets: a control diet (T) without antibiotics, a diet (L) with 33 mg kg−1 of lasalocid, and a diet (C) with 33 mg kg−1 of cationomycin. The dry matter and plant cell wall digestibilities were not affected by the addition of antibiotics. The digestive flow measurements at the duodenum showed that the antibiotic had no effect on the apparent digestion of dry matter, organic matter and plant cell walls along the digestive tract. This was confirmed by the in sacco feed and pure cellulose rumen degradation measurements. Lasalocid, however, decreased the true digestion of feed dry matter in the rumen, as shown by the duodenal flow measurements after being corrected for microbial dry matter. Compared with the control diet, diets (L) and (C) increased the propionate percentage in the rumen VFA mixture (T = 14.9, L = 19.4, C = 18.9) and decreased acetate (T = 66.1, L = 63.8, C = 65.7) and butyrate (T = 14.1, L = 12.7, C = 11.7) percentages. The addition of antibiotics decreased the rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration by 14%. The CO2 to CH4 ratio in the gas mixture was, however, not statistically modified, and no ionophore effect was observed on the protozoa mean population. Key words: Lasalocid, cationomycin, digestion, cell wall carbohydrates, sheep, rumen

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A label-free, fast and high-specificity technique for plant cell wall imaging and composition analysis

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/s13007-021-00730-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huimin Xu ◽

Yuanyuan Zhao ◽

Yuanzhen Suo ◽

Yayu Guo ◽

Yi Man ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Raman Scattering ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Label Free ◽

Wall Imaging

Abstract Background New cell wall imaging tools permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which will aid efforts to use these polymers in multiple applications; however, detailed imaging and quantification of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging. Results Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which can be used to visualize the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. We outline the major steps of the procedure, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls. Conclusions This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

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Plant cell wall integrity maintenance in model plants and crop species-relevant cell wall components and underlying guiding principles

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00018-019-03388-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (11) ◽

pp. 2049-2077 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽

Timo Engelsdorf ◽

Thorsten Hamann

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cell Wall Integrity ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Maintenance Mechanism ◽

Regulatory Processes ◽

Composition And Structure

AbstractThe walls surrounding the cells of all land-based plants provide mechanical support essential for growth and development as well as protection from adverse environmental conditions like biotic and abiotic stress. Composition and structure of plant cell walls can differ markedly between cell types, developmental stages and species. This implies that wall composition and structure are actively modified during biological processes and in response to specific functional requirements. Despite extensive research in the area, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling active and adaptive modifications of cell wall composition and structure is still limited. One of these regulatory processes is the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism, which monitors and maintains the functional integrity of the plant cell wall during development and interaction with environment. It is an important element in plant pathogen interaction and cell wall plasticity, which seems at least partially responsible for the limited success that targeted manipulation of cell wall metabolism has achieved so far. Here, we provide an overview of the cell wall polysaccharides forming the bulk of plant cell walls in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and the effects their impairment can have. We summarize our current knowledge regarding the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism and discuss that it could be responsible for several of the mutant phenotypes observed.

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Determination of Subunit Composition of Clostridium cellulovorans Cellulosomes That Degrade Plant Cell Walls

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.4.1610-1615.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1610-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Koichiro Murashima ◽

Akihiko Kosugi ◽

Roy H. Doi

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Scaffolding Protein ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Clostridium Cellulovorans ◽

Plant Cell Wall Degradation

ABSTRACT Clostridium cellulovorans produces a cellulase enzyme complex (cellulosome). In this study, we isolated two plant cell wall-degrading cellulosomal fractions from culture supernatant of C. cellulovorans and determined their subunit compositions and enzymatic activities. One of the cellulosomal fractions showed fourfold-higher plant cell wall-degrading activity than the other. Both cellulosomal fractions contained the same nine subunits (the scaffolding protein CbpA, endoglucanases EngE and EngK, cellobiohydrolase ExgS, xylanase XynA, mannanase ManA, and three unknown proteins), although the relative amounts of the subunits differed. Since only cellobiose was released from plant cell walls by the cellulosomal fractions, cellobiohydrolases were considered to be key enzymes for plant cell wall degradation.

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