scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize Streak Virus Pathogenicity in Differentially Resistant Zea mays Genotypes

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Martin ◽  
J. A. Willment ◽  
E. P. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Precise Assessment

We devised a rapid technique for the objective and precise assessment of both the pathogenicity of maize streak virus (MSV) isolates and the MSV resistance of maize genotypes. The technique involves the use of agroinoculation to infect maize seedlings and the objective symptom evaluation by quantification of infection rates, stunting, and chlorotic leaf areas. In assessing the MSV resistance of 19 maize genotypes, we describe how the use of differentially virulent virus isolates enables the analysis of MSV resistance phenotypes, ranging from extremely susceptible to completely immune. We further demonstrate how quantification of chlorotic leaf areas by image analysis permits differentiation between degrees of MSV resistance that are indistinguishable from one another using currently employed symptom assessment approaches. Using chlorotic area measurements, we quantify the virulence of a diverse group of 10 MSV isolates and, through agroinoculation of differentially susceptible maize genotypes, we demonstrate the use of our technique in evaluating the pathogenicity of these isolates.

Evolutionary Relationship of Three Southern African Maize Streak Virus Isolates

Intervirology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Kirby ◽  
Beverley A. Clarke ◽  
Edward P. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Sequence Diversity and Virulence in Zea mays of Maize Streak Virus Isolates

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Martin ◽  
J.A. Willment ◽  
R. Billharz ◽  
R. Velders ◽  
B. Odhiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Inhibition of maize streak virus (MSV) replication by transient and transgenic expression of MSV replication-associated protein mutants

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne N. Shepherd ◽  
Tichaona Mangwende ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Marion Bezuidenhout ◽  
Jennifer A. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Protein Mutants

Maize streak disease is a severe agricultural problem in Africa and the development of maize genotypes resistant to the causal agent, Maize streak virus (MSV), is a priority. A transgenic approach to engineering MSV-resistant maize was developed and tested in this study. A pathogen-derived resistance strategy was adopted by using targeted deletions and nucleotide-substitution mutants of the multifunctional MSV replication-associated protein gene (rep). Various rep gene constructs were tested for their efficacy in limiting replication of wild-type MSV by co-bombardment of maize suspension cells together with an infectious genomic clone of MSV and assaying replicative forms of DNA by quantitative PCR. Digitaria sanguinalis, an MSV-sensitive grass species used as a model monocot, was then transformed with constructs that had inhibited virus replication in the transient-expression system. Challenge experiments using leafhopper-transmitted MSV indicated significant MSV resistance – from highly resistant to immune – in regenerated transgenic D. sanguinalis lines. Whereas regenerated lines containing a mutated full-length rep gene displayed developmental and growth defects, those containing a truncated rep gene both were fertile and displayed no growth defects, making the truncated gene a suitable candidate for the development of transgenic MSV-resistant maize.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of maize streak virus isolates from Uganda reveals widespread distribution of a recombinant variant

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 3154-3165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty E. Owor ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Dionne N. Shepherd ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Adérito L. Monjane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
Virus Isolates

Maize streak virus (MSV) contributes significantly to the problem of extremely low African maize yields. Whilst a diverse range of MSV and MSV-like viruses are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and neighbouring islands, only a single group of maize-adapted variants – MSV subtypes A1–A6 – causes severe enough disease in maize to influence yields substantially. In order to assist in designing effective strategies to control MSV in maize, a large survey covering 155 locations was conducted to assess the diversity, distribution and genetic characteristics of the Ugandan MSV-A population. PCR–restriction fragment-length polymorphism analyses of 391 virus isolates identified 49 genetic variants. Sixty-two full-genome sequences were determined, 52 of which were detectably recombinant. All but two recombinants contained predominantly MSV-A1-like sequences. Of the ten distinct recombination events observed, seven involved inter-MSV-A subtype recombination and three involved intra-MSV-A1 recombination. One of the intra-MSV-A1 recombinants, designated MSV-A1UgIII, accounted for >60 % of all MSV infections sampled throughout Uganda. Although recombination may be an important factor in the emergence of novel geminivirus variants, it is demonstrated that its characteristics in MSV are quite different from those observed in related African cassava-infecting geminivirus species.

Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Maize Streak Virus Resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. Arusei ◽  
S. Runo ◽  
M. Warigia ◽  
A. Ngetich ◽  
P. Leley
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate partial resistance to Maize Streak Virus (MSV) in F2 segregating population derived from a single cross of two inbred lines VLO73311 (resistant) and CLRCW92 (susceptible). Study Design: The experimental design was an incomplete block design replicated two times. Place and Duration of Study: Department of plant sciences Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute in Biotechnology center laboratory, in June 2014 to December 2015. Methodology: Resistance was evaluated in replicated field trials under artificial inoculation while selecting using SNP markers. The method of composite interval mapping was employed for QTL detection with a linkage map based on 350 SNP markers. Results: The final linkage map comprised of 100 individuals and 61 SNP markers distributed in ten linkage maps and covering a distance of 437.282cM. One QTL located in linkage group four was detected with a LOD score of above 2.0 with two SNP markers (PZA00413_20 and PZA03198_3) tightly linked to the QTLs. A significant QTL explaining 14% of the phenotypic variance for early resistance to MSV was detected on chromosome three.  Conclusion: The SNPs significantly associated with MSV resistance can be used in marker-assisted selection and will accelerate the breeding process for the development of MSV resistant maize genotypes.

scholarly journals Symptom evolution following the emergence of maize streak virus

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adérito L Monjane ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
Penelope Hartnady ◽  
Kehinde A Oyeniran ◽  
Betty E Owor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Single Host

For pathogens infecting single host species evolutionary trade-offs have previously been demonstrated between pathogen-induced mortality rates and transmission rates. It remains unclear, however, how such trade-offs impact sub-lethal pathogen-inflicted damage, and whether these trade-offs even occur in broad host-range pathogens. Here, we examine changes over the past 110 years in symptoms induced in maize by the broad host-range pathogen, maize streak virus (MSV). Specifically, we use the quantified symptom intensities of cloned MSV isolates in differentially resistant maize genotypes to phylogenetically infer ancestral symptom intensities and check for phylogenetic signal associated with these symptom intensities. We show that whereas symptoms reflecting harm to the host have remained constant or decreased, there has been an increase in how extensively MSV colonizes the cells upon which transmission vectors feed. This demonstrates an evolutionary trade-off between amounts of pathogen-inflicted harm and how effectively viruses position themselves within plants to enable onward transmission.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Streak Virus Isolates from Different Plant Species by Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Dekker ◽  
M. S. Pinner ◽  
P. G. Markham ◽  
M. H. V. Van Regenmortel
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Maize Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates
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