scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. de Assis Filho ◽  
J. L. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus

The mechanism of virus transmission through seed was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Serological and biological tests were conducted to identify the route by which the viruses reach the seed and subsequently are located in the seed. Both TYMV and TMV were detected in seed from infected plants, however only TYMV was seed-transmitted. This is the first report of transmission of TYMV in seed of A. thaliana. Estimating virus seed transmission by grow-out tests was more accurate than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay due to the higher frequency of antigen in the seed coat than in the embryo. Virus in the seed coat did not lead to seedling infection. Thus, embryo invasion is necessary for seed transmission of TYMV in A. thaliana. Crosses between healthy and virus-infected plants indicated that TYMV from either the female or the male parent could invade the seed. Conversely, invasion from maternal tissue was the only route for TMV to invade the seed. Pollination of flowers on healthy A. thaliana with pollen from TYMV-infected plants did not result in systemic infection of healthy plants, despite TYMV being carried by pollen to the seed.

Die Bedeutung der Proteinhülle für die Wirtsspezifität von Pflanzenviren

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evamarie Sander ◽  
G. Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Coat

The infectivity of the complete virus and of the free ribonucleic acid was determined for tobacco mosaic virus and for turnip yellow mosaic virus. The natural host and the host of the other virus were used reciprocally. The protein coat of the complete virus enhances the infectivity in comparison to the free RNA only in the host to which the virus is adapted.

scholarly journals Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Individual Flue-Cured Tobacco Seeds and Seedlings Reveals Seed Transmission of Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine D. Ellis ◽  
Jessica M. Hoak ◽  
Bradley W. Ellis ◽  
Jessica A. Brown ◽  
Tim L. Sit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Tobacco Seed ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an extensively studied RNA virus known to infect tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and other solanaceous crops. TMV has been classified as a seedborne virus in tobacco, with infection of developing seedlings thought to occur from contact with the TMV-infected seed coat. The mechanism of TMV transmission through seed was studied in seed of the K 326 cultivar of flue-cured tobacco. Cross pollinations were performed to determine the effect of parental tissue on TMV infection in seed. Dissection of individual tobacco seeds into seed coat, endosperm, and embryo was performed to determine TMV location within a seed, while germination tests and separation of the developing seedling into seed coat, roots, and cotyledons were conducted to estimate the percent transmission of TMV. A reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed and used to determine TMV concentrations in individual seed harvested from pods that formed on plants from TMV-infected and noninfected crosses. The results showed maternal transmission of TMV to tobacco seed and seedlings that developed from infected seed, not paternal transmission. RT-qPCR and endpoint PCR assays were also conducted on the separated seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of individual seed and separated cotyledons, roots, and seed coats of individual seedlings that developed from infected tobacco seed to identify the location of the virus in the seed and the subsequent path the virus takes to infect the developing seedling. RT-qPCR and endpoint PCR assay results showed evidence of TMV infection in the endosperm and embryo, as well as in the developing seedling roots and cotyledons within 10 days of initiating seed germination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TMV being detected in embryos of tobacco seed, demonstrating that TMV is seedborne and seed-transmitted in flue-cured tobacco.

scholarly journals Characterization of Blueberry shock virus, an Emerging Ilarvirus in Cranberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Thomas-Sharma ◽  
Lindsay Wells-Hansen ◽  
Rae Page ◽  
Victoria Kartanos ◽  
Erika Saalau-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

Blueberry shock virus (BlShV), an Ilarvirus sp. reported only on blueberry, was associated with scarring, disfigurement, and premature reddening of cranberry fruit. BlShV was detected by triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and isometric virions of 25 to 28 nm were observed in cranberry sap. The virus was systemic, although unevenly distributed in plants. The coat protein of BlShV from cranberry shared 90% identity compared with BlShV accessions from blueberry on GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates of BlShV from cranberry collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts did not indicate grouping by state. BlShV was detected in cranberry pollen, and seed transmission of up to 91% was observed. Artificial inoculation of cranberry flowers by pollination did not cause virus transmission. In some Nicotiana spp., rub inoculation of leaves with homogenized BlShV-positive cranberry flowers resulted in systemic infection. Cranberry plants recovered from symptoms the year after berry scarring occurred but continued to test positive for BlShV. The virus caused significant reduction in the average number of marketable fruit and average berry weight in symptomatic cranberry plants but recovered plants yielded comparably with healthy plants. Although recovery may limit the immediate economic consequences of BlShV, long-term implications of single- or mixed-virus infection in cranberry is unknown.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF STRUCTURAL DETAIL IN FROZEN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Structural Detail ◽  
Hexagonal Packing

A procedure is described whereby preshadowed replicas can be obtained from frozen biological specimens which have been cut and then etched by sublimation of the ice from their surfaces. Electron micrographs showing details of the internal structure of plant virus crystals are presented to demonstrate the values of the procedure. Crystals of purified tobacco ringspot virus and squash mosaic virus and some portions of turnip yellow mosaic virus crystals have been shown to exhibit hexagonal packing. Sections through in situ crystals of tobacco mosaic virus show the rods to be parallel within each layer and arranged in a square net as viewed end on. Individual rods in each layer of the latter measure 300 mµ in length and are somewhat tilted with respect to the rods of adjacent layers. This results in the formation of a herring-bone appearance when a crystal is cut perpendicular to its hexagonal face. It is suggested that the procedure outlined here might well serve to supplement other procedures for the preparation of many cytological specimens for electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Turnip yellow mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage in Spain: commercial seed transmission and molecular characterisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alfaro-Fernández ◽  
Adrián Serrano ◽  
Teodora Tornos ◽  
María del Carmen Cebrián ◽  
María del Carmen Córdoba-Sellés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Commercial Seed

scholarly journals Occurrence of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus on Oriental Cruciferous Vegetables in Southern Ontario, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Stobbs ◽  
R. F. Cerkauskas ◽  
T. Lowery ◽  
L. VanDriel
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Test Kit

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) has been reported throughout Europe, New Zealand, and Australia. In 1994, this virus was identified in two field plantings of Bok Choi and one planting of Pak Choi (Brassica campestris Chinensis group var. communis) in Durham and Haldimand-Norfolk counties, respectively. In early October, approximately 25% of the plants were infected at each site. Both the striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata (F.)) and the crucifer flea beetle (P. Cruciferae(Goeze)), reported vectors of the virus (1), were present at each site. Infected plants exhibited bright yellow to yellow-green mosaic mottling and often showed chlorotic lesions on the lower leaves. Vein clearing was also seen on several plants. Plants were often coinfected with turnip mosaic virus. Four symptomatic plants were taken from each field site for testing. Spherical virus particles (28 nm) were identified as TYMV by electron microscopy following post-antibody decoration and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the TYMV Agdia test kit. Symptoms were reproduced on both Bok and Pak Choi by mechanical inoculation into healthy plants. Extended host range susceptibility tests with 14 differential hosts were consistent with those reported in the VIDE database (1). This virus, in the presence of the flea beetle vectors, may pose a threat to susceptible traditional cruciferous vegetables grown extensively in this area. Reference: (1) A. A Brunt et al., eds. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 16th January 1997.

scholarly journals The Association of Tobacco mosaic virus with Green Spot of Cured Wrapper Tobacco Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Green Spot ◽  
Growth Chambers

Near-isogenic lines of cigar wrapper tobacco resistant or susceptible to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used to evaluate the association of TMV infection with green spot symptoms in cured leaves. TMV infection, as determined by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was detected on susceptible but not resistant plants in field experiments. Green spot severity on cured leaves was greater for susceptible than resistant plants, even when symptoms of TMV were not evident in the field. Some green spots were present on resistant leaves despite the fact that the virus was not detected by ELISA. Resistant and susceptible plants had similar responses to virus infection and similar ELISA detection of TMV when plants were held at continuous temperatures over 28°C in growth chambers. Plant resistance was not compromised in the field in cloth-covered shade tents even when 33.5 of the 96 h immediately following inoculation were above 28°C. Green spot of cured leaves was strongly associated with TMV infection in susceptible plants, even when plants were infected after leaf expansion and mosaic symptoms were not present. Green spot also occurred to a lesser extent and for a limited time in inoculated resistant plants. The development of green spot symptoms on cured leaves may be the result of either systemic infection of TMV-susceptible plants or associated with the systemic resistance response to TMV inoculation of resistant plants.

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