scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of Lead exposure on the inorganic and organic compounds profile of lung tissue in a rat model

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Mohammed Attafi ◽  
Hesham Mohammed Korashy ◽  
Saleh A. Al Bakheet ◽  
Khalid A. Abu Jabal ◽  
Osamah M. Belali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

scholarly journals Стан гемопоезу у дійних корів за профілактики мікроелементної недостатності

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Y.M. Koltun ◽  
V.I. Rusyn
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

These results of hematological studies in dairy cows for the prophylaxis microelements insufficiency by inorganic and organic compounds of scarce micronutrients. The purpose of our research was to investigate the impact of inorganic and organic compounds of trace elements on the state of hemopoesis in dairy cows for the prophylaxis microelement insufficiency. The material for the research was the blood of experimental animals, where was determined: the number of erythrocytes, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, the value of hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in erythrocyte (ICSU). The given indicators were determined on an automatic hematology analyzer type «Mythic 18 vet» (Switzerland). According to the results of hematological studies in clinically sick animals it was set oligochromemia, decrease in hematocrit values against the background of a sufficient number of erythrocytes, that helped to reduce the MCH and MCV, and also ICSU growth. These changes of hemopoesis indicate the development of hypochromic microcytaric anemia. Application of basic diet of organic and inorganic compounds of scarce microelements in the composition of feed to clinically sick dairy cows promoted the normalization of hemopoesis. It was established a better therapeutic effect in animals of second experimental group, which were fed with chelated compound of scarce microelements in the form of methionates and lysinates. At the end of the experiment, in the blood of animals of the second experimental group, was set up probable increase in a hemoglobin content, hematocrit values, МСН та MCV, and also decrease of ICSU, indicating a recovery of hemopoesis.

PROGRESS IN THE ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

1962 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Kreshkov ◽  
L N Bykova ◽  
N A Kazaryan ◽  
N Sh Aldarova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Impaired pulmonary artery contractile responses in a rat model of microgravity: role of nitric oxide

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nyhan ◽  
Soonyul Kim ◽  
Stacey Dunbar ◽  
Dechun Li ◽  
Artin Shoukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Vascular contractile hyporesponsiveness is an important mechanism underlying orthostatic intolerance after microgravity. Baroreceptor reflexes can modulate both pulmonary resistance and capacitance function and thus cardiac output. We hypothesized, therefore, that pulmonary vasoreactivity is impaired in the hindlimb-unweighted (HLU) rat model of microgravity. Pulmonary artery (PA) contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) and U-46619 (U4) were significantly decreased in the PAs from HLU vs. control (C) animals. N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10−5 M) enhanced the contractile responses in the PA rings from both C and HLU animals and completely abolished the differential responses to PE and U4 in HLU vs. C animals. Vasorelaxant responses to ACh were significantly enhanced in PA rings from HLU rats compared with C. Moreover, vasorelaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside were also significantly enhanced. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and soluble guanlyl cyclase expression were significantly enhanced in PA and lung tissue from HLU rats. In marked contrast, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was unchanged in lung tissue. These data support the hypothesis that vascular contractile responsiveness is attenuated in PAs from HLU rats and that this hyporesponsiveness is due at least in part to increased nitric oxide synthase activity resulting from enhanced eNOS expression. These findings may have important implications for blood volume distribution and attenuated stroke volume responses to orthostatic stress after microgravity exposure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9527-9545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas; however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g., n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3) forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 % of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the 0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions, when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after 1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds to land surface parameterizations and vegetation distributions in California

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Maoyi Huang ◽  
Jerome D. Fast ◽  
Larry K. Berg ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Current climate models still have large uncertainties in estimating biogenic trace gases, which can significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation that ultimately influences air quality and aerosol radiative forcing. These uncertainties result from many factors, including uncertainties in land surface processes and specification of vegetation types, both of which can affect the simulated near-surface fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In this study, the latest version of Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1) is coupled within the land surface scheme CLM4 (Community Land Model version 4.0) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this implementation, MEGAN v2.1 shares a consistent vegetation map with CLM4 for estimating BVOC emissions. This is unlike MEGAN v2.0 in the public version of WRF-Chem that uses a stand-alone vegetation map that differs from what is used by land surface schemes. This improved modeling framework is used to investigate the impact of two land surface schemes, CLM4 and Noah, on BVOCs and examine the sensitivity of BVOCs to vegetation distributions in California. The measurements collected during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) conducted in June of 2010 provided an opportunity to evaluate the simulated BVOCs. Sensitivity experiments show that land surface schemes do influence the simulated BVOCs, but the impact is much smaller than that of vegetation distributions. This study indicates that more effort is needed to obtain the most appropriate and accurate land cover data sets for climate and air quality models in terms of simulating BVOCs, oxidant chemistry and, consequently, secondary organic aerosol formation.

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