Exercise Pressor Reflex in UC Davis Type‐2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD‐T2DM) Rats Prior to the Onset of Diabetes

Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have exaggerated sympathetic activity and blood pressure responses to exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms for these responses, as well as how these responses change throughout disease progression, are not completely understood. For this study, we examined the effect of the progression of T2DM on the exercise pressor reflex, a critical neurocardiovascular mechanism that functions to increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure during exercise. We also aimed to examine the effect of T2DM on reflexive cardiovascular responses to static contraction, as well as those responses to tendon stretch when an exaggerated exercise pressor reflex was present. We evoked the exercise pressor reflex and mechanoreflex by statically contracting the hindlimb muscles and stretching the Achilles tendon, respectively, for 30 s. We then compared pressor and cardioaccelerator responses in unanesthetized, decerebrated University of California Davis (UCD)-T2DM rats at 21 and 31 wk following the onset of T2DM to responses in healthy nondiabetic rats. We found that the pressor response to static contraction was greater in the 31-wk T2DM [change in mean arterial pressure (∆MAP) = 39 ± 5 mmHg] but not in the 21-wk T2DM (∆MAP = 24 ± 5 mmHg) rats compared with nondiabetic rats (∆MAP = 18 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). Similarly, the pressor and the cardioaccelerator responses to tendon stretch were significantly greater in the 31-wk T2DM rats [∆MAP = 69 ± 6 mmHg; change in heart rate (∆HR) = 28 ± 4 beats/min] compared with nondiabetic rats (∆MAP = 14 ± 2 mmHg; ∆HR = 5 ± 3 beats/min; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the exercise pressor reflex changes as T2DM progresses and that a sensitized mechanoreflex may play a role in exaggerating these cardiovascular responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to provide evidence that as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses, the exercise pressor reflex becomes exaggerated, an effect that may be due to a sensitized mechanoreflex. Moreover, these findings provide compelling evidence suggesting that impairments in the reflexive control of circulation contribute to exaggerated blood pressure responses to exercise in T2DM.

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Exaggerated Exercise Pressor Reflex During the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Independent of Aging

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Huo ◽

Ann‐Katrin Grotle ◽

Junghoon Lee ◽

James Graham ◽

Kimber Stanhope ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Exercise Pressor Reflex ◽

Pressor Reflex

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Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K Status on Glycemic Regulation and Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini-Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2485

Author(s):

Hsin-Jung Ho ◽

Michio Komai ◽

Hitoshi Shirakawa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Regulation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dysfunctional insulin secretion. Glycemic control remains a crucial contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as the prevention or delay in the onset of diabetes-related complications. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the regulation of the glycemic status. Supplementation of vitamin K may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus and improve insulin sensitivity. This mini-review summarizes the recent insights into the beneficial effects of vitamin K and its possible mechanism of action on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status, thereby suppressing the progression of diabetes mellitus.

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Jiaogulan tea (Gpostemma pentaphyllum) potentiates the antidiabetic effect of white tea via the AMPK and PI3K pathways in C57BL/6 mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo00395f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 4339-4355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Xia ◽

Jing Xu ◽

Xude Wang ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Zhenchuan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Antidiabetic Effect ◽

White Tea ◽

Onset Of Diabetes

The use of plant-based beverages to interfere with the onset of diabetes may be a promising approach towards type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

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Progress in Metabonomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071834 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1834 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Quantao Ma ◽

Yaqi Li ◽

Min Wang ◽

Ziyan Tang ◽

Ting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Living Standards ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Before And After ◽

Onset Of Diabetes

With the improvement of living standards and a change in lifestyle, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Its etiology is too complex to be completely understand yet. Metabonomics techniques are used to study the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways before and after the onset of diabetes and make it more possible to further understand the pathogenesis of T2DM and improve its prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we summarized the metabonomics study of T2DM in recent years and provided a theoretical basis for the study of pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment of T2DM.

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Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending medicine out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Alappuzha, Kerala, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171259 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koushiki Mani ◽

Rose Davy C.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Proliferative Retinopathy ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Patient Department

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication affecting the eyes of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to long-term hyperglycaemia. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working aged adults around the world. There are various factors leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy namely duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, age at onset of diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension. This is a hospital based cross-sectional study which aimed to study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Medicine out-patient department of Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India. The factors contributing to the development of retinopathy was also studied.Methods: 200 already diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in the study. Subjects were explained about the study and once the consent was received, data regarding age, gender, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, history of smoking, alcohol intake, and socio-economic status was documented. Height and weight was measured. Blood pressure was recorded with mercury sphygmomanometer. Then the subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy by fundus examination after dilating the eyes. Findings were noted and subjects were categorized as no retinopathy, nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy using the ETDRS classification.Results: In present study, out of 200 subjects, 63 subjects (31.5%) were affected with diabetic retinopathy (non-proliferative retinopathy=22.5%, proliferative retinopathy=9%). Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative retinopathy was 7.5% each. Significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and duration of diabetes.Conclusions: Therefore, periodic screening of diabetic patients should be carried out for early detection and prevention of loss of vision.

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Moringa Isothiocyanate-rich Seed Extract Delays the Onset of Diabetes in UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65722-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carrie Waterman ◽

James L. Graham ◽

Charles D. Arnold ◽

Kimber L. Stanhope ◽

Jason H. Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Moringa Isothiocyanate

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Correlation Between Onset of Diabetes Mellitus and Nitric Oxide Levels in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Medical Laboratory Technology Journal ◽

10.31964/mltj.v4i1.175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Theosobia Grace Orno ◽

Mansyur Arif ◽

Irfan Idris

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Onset Of Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of endothelial dysfunction if it lasts a long time without control. This study aims to connect the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Nitric Oxide levels in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study used cross-sectional study method. The samples were 86 subjects, consisting of 38 subjects of Type 2 DM controlled and 48 subjects of Type 2 DM uncontrolled. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test showed no significant difference between the Onset of DM and Nitric Oxide levels in the categories of 4-6 years (19.4 ± 10.1), 7-9 years (17.3 ± 9.3) and 10-12 years (13.3 ± 8.5) (p=0.06). Furthermore, the Spearman correlation test revealed a negative correlation between the Onset of DM and Nitric Oxide level in patients with Type 2 DM with and without control (r =-0.217). The level of Nitric Oxide (NO) can consider as a predictor of long-term complication in patients with type 2 DM.

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