Patients that are having Covid-19 Disease After the First Dose of Covid-Vaccine

There is no effective treatment for the Covid-19 disease that is still impacting the whole world. It considered that vaccines, one of the effective means to prevent infectious diseases, will play a significant role in protecting from the Covid-19 Disease. Vaccinations generals performed before exposure. We aimed to follow the clinical and laboratory progress of patients who got Covid-19 after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine and to evaluate the changes that may occur in antibody formation. 13 patients, who received the first dose of COVID 19 vaccine Coronovac as of 14.01.2021 when vaccination started in Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital/Turkey, who had symptoms after the vaccine and whose real-time PCR found to be positive, were included in the study. After the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine, 13 patients exam. Three of our patients were female, and 10 of them were male. The average age was 38.8. British variant detected in 4 of our patients; 1 of them was female. Contact times differed between 3 and 5 days. The most common symptoms were muscle-joint pain (53.8), weakness-fatigue (46.2), fever (38.5), and headache (30.8). Three of our patients, being one female, received inpatient treatment. Furthermore, our five patients who checked regarding Sars cov-2 IgG became positive in the first month. No adverse changes in the course of the illness observed in the patients were RT-PCR positive after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine. Antibody response detected at the end of the first month. Vaccination is an effective method for taking infectious diseases under control but adhering to personal protective measures still maintains their importance.

Immune Response to anti-HBs Antibodies in Health Workers Following Hepatitis B Vaccination

According to Regulation No. 53 of 2015 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, a high risk of HBV infection in health workers is a problem that requires attention, and vaccination knowledge is critical to reducing these risk factors. Furthermore, because some people do not produce a sufficient antibody-forming (anti-HBs) response to HBsAg, testing for evidence of protective immunity against hepatitis B vaccination is required (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen). The purpose of the study was to determine the mapping of the characteristics of anti-HBs antibodies response after hepatitis B vaccination in health workers in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, smoking habits, obesity, vaccination frequency, last time of vaccination. Sixty vaccinated health workers were used to creating the research sample. Anti-HBs levels/titers in serum were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, and a questionnaire was used to compile the data for this study. Age, gender, smoking, obesity, and vaccination dose were all used to map the outcomes of the anti-HBs antibody immune response study. Anti-HBs antibody response in health workers was graded as poor in 36 people (60%) and strong in 24 (40%). Regarding ethnic origin, lifestyle, obesity, and vaccination dose (frequency), there was no significant link between post-vaccination anti-HBs antibody response in health workers. In terms of age and gender, there is a strong association between post-vaccination anti-HBs antibody responses in health workers. Low antibody titers should be revaccinated to enhance anti-HBs titers, and health workers who smoke should quit because it reduces the levels of anti-HBs titers produced clinically.

Effectiveness of Boiling Method Using Aquadest Solvent in Oolong Tea Extraction Producing Mangenese Particle as a Contrast Media on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography (MRCP) examines the pancreas and ductus billiaris using magnetic resonance imaging with a negative contrast media administered orally. Oolong tea is possible to be an alternative of an oral negative contrast media due to its manganese contained. This study will elaborate on the best method of oolong tea extraction to get the best mangenese substance and its capability to suppress inevitable organs. This is an experimental study with various methods of extraction, which are the maceration method with ethanol solvent, maceration method with aquadest solvent, and boiling method. The whole process includes collecting and preparing plant materials, sample identification, sample processing, extraction, and extract characterization. The manganese level is checked with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) followed by scanning the extracted oolong tea in bottles and MRCP scanning examination. Results showed that manganese level with three different extraction methods is maceration method with ethanol is 1.23 mg/dl, maceration method with aquadest solvent is 0.82 mg/dl, and the extraction using the boiling method with aquadest solvent 0.94 mg/dl, and manufactured tea 1.40 mg/dl respectively. Scanning the extracted oolong tea in bottles showed that the best suppression is on the bottle, which contains extracted oolong tea using a boiling method with aquadest solvent. The image enhancement on MRCP showed that biliary trees are all enhanced using all the extraction methods; however, the best suppression for the stomach and duodenum is using the boiling method with aquadest solvent. The best choice for oolong tea extraction to get the best image to enhance and maximum suppression for disturbing organs is the boiling method with aquadest solvent. For the oolong tea, oral media contrast is to consider the level of manganese substance and its capability to suppress the disturbing organ to provide the best image for MRCP

Evaluation of Vitamin D-levels and Bone Mineral Density in Lymphoma and Solid Tumors of Childhood after Treatment

As the survival rate of childhood cancers increases, late effects of the treatment are becoming significantly more critical. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with lymphoma and solid tumors. In this study, we included patients diagnosed with cancer in our pediatric oncology department between 2004 and 2013. These patients were all in remission and completed their treatment. Patient data were collected from corresponding medical files. Vitamin D levels, BMD measurements and other laboratory tests were performed prospectively. The study group consisted of 105 patients who completed treatment at least one year ago. Overall, 59.6 % of the subjects were found to have vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/mL. When the factors affecting vitamin D deficiency were evaluated, there were not any factor related to vitamin D deficiency. However, a positive correlation was observed in the blood sampling time, namely test results taken in summer months (April-September) were higher. In our study, bone mineralization disorder (low BMD) was found in 44.4% of the patients. In addition, we observed that bone health was significantly affected in children who recovered from cancer. 59.6 % of the vitamin D deficiency rate was found to be higher than the similar age group in our country. To our knowledge, this is also the lowest vitamin D levels in children with cancer compared to previously published studies. The rate of low BMD was determined as 44.4%, similar to earlier studies.

Evaluation of 86 Patients Whom Death While Being Followed up with Pre-Diagnosis of Covid-19

The Coronavirus-19 pandemic continues at full speed, and the number of patients who die from Covıd-19 is increasing. It was aimed to evaluate the demographic information and laboratory findings of 86 patients who died while being followed up in our hospital with a pre-diagnosis of Covıd-19. Identifying these characteristics of deceased patients will be essential to guide clinicians in identifying critically ill patients. Data on demographic information, comorbidities, time from hospitalization to death, molecular test results, thorax CT findings, biochemical findings, culture, antibiotic susceptibility, and the given treatments of the cases were collected from the electronic system Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital. While the RT-PCR test of 21 of the cases was positive, in 9 of the cases, control PCR tests were negative after a while. The CT results of 18 of the 21 initially RT-PCR positive cases were compatible with Covid-19, and the CT result of 3 could not be reached. When the blood test results of the cases were examined, neutrophil increase, white blood cell increase, lymphocyte reduction, and inflammatory markers increase were determined. A total of 43 bacterial growths were found in 21 cases. It has been observed that deaths in patients who were followed up with the pre-diagnosis of Covıd-19 generally occur in older people, males, and those with underlying diseases. It was thought that the cause of death could be underlying diseases, pathologies caused by inflammation, and secondary bacterial infections in addition to viral infection. Clinicians should be more careful about elderly patients, patients with secondary bacterial infections, or patients with neutrophilia, lymphopenia.

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Excretory Function of the Liver

Diabetes mellitus is an internationally recognized health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the most significant increase in prevalence is expected to occur in Asia and Africa, where most patients will be found by 2030. Diabetic Mellitus is a clinical and metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia, increased protein breakdown, Ketosis or acidosis due to absolute or relative deficiency, and insulin resistance, thereby leading to vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. This study evaluated the levels of plasma bilirubin, ALP, and GGT among diabetic patients. A total of eighty (80) individuals were recruited for the study comprising of forty (40) diabetes patients with age range 25-80 years and forty (40) control subjects with the age range of 20-30 years in Irrua/Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out within six months (December 2018 - May 2019). All patients were diabetes. The serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and conjugated bilirubin were assayed by spectrophotometric method, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. Serum levels of ALP, GGT, Total and unconjugated bilirubin were significantly elevated (P<0.05) among diabetes patients than control subjects except for conjugated bilirubin which was lower (P>0.05) when compared with that of the control subjects. The mean serum levels of ALP, GGT, total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin of male diabetes patients were non statistically significant (P>0.05) when compared with female diabetes subjects except the age (P<0.05). These findings indicate that hepatic injury was more likely among diabetes, and liver enzymes (ALP, GGT) are critical for monitoring glucose control concomitant with hepatic injury. Bilirubin is a potentially important biomarker for the assessment of the hepatic excretory system in diabetes mellitus.

New Candidate Predisposition Genes for Hereditary Breast Cancer: SLIT3, CREB3, USP39

Breast cancer is the most common type of malignant neoplasm in women. <em>BRCA1</em><em> </em>and<em> <em>BRCA2</em></em> are the most commonly mutated genes, but only up to 30% of hereditary breast cancer cases are attributed to alterations in these genes. A large proportion of genetic causes of hereditary breast cancer remains unknown. Thus, the search for new hereditary mutations and establishing a genetic alteration in each case of hereditary breast cancer is a clinically significant task; be the goal of our research. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for simultaneous analysis of hundreds to thousands of genes at one time. We analyzed the genetic material of 49 patients of the northwest Russian population with clinical signs of hereditary breast cancer and identified new mutations associated with hereditary breast cancer. Research results show two missense mutations - SLIT3 p.Arg154Cys, CREB3 p.Lys157Glu, and truncating mutation - USP39 c.*208G&gt;C. Research conclusion; The identified mutations can explain only a tiny fraction of hereditary breast cancer cases (0.7% to 1.1%). The next step to increase the practical value of the detected alterations should be the analysis of biological characteristics of tumors in carriers of these mutations that can potentially become a target for chemotherapy.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Extract Reduce Malondialdehyde Levels and Prevent Aortic Endothelial Cell Decline in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, but its levels decrease in postmenopausal women who can trigger oxidative stress. One of the most damaging effects of ROS is lipid peroxidation, and the end product is Malondialdehyde (MDA). Similarly, aging endothelium has increased oxidative stress and endothelial cell sensitivity to apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of cowpea extract on serum MDA levels, aortic endothelial cell counts, and brain MDA levels in the ovariectomy model. Cowpea extract can be used as an alternative to prevent and overcome the effects that occur during menopause, such as cardiovascular problems, decreased bone mineral density, and dementia. The study used 15-month-old female Rattus norvegicus, divided into six groups (OVX, SHAM, OVX+estradiol, OVX+Vu 1.25; 2.5; and 5 mg/kg BW/day). Serum and brain MDA levels were examined by ELISA method, while the number of aortic endothelial cells were examined on histopathological preparations with Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining. The mean value of serum and brain MDA levels decreased with an increase in the dose given (p-value 0.016). The mean value of aortic endothelial cells between the dose groups did not significantly differ. However, the mean value showed an increasing trend as the dose of cowpea extract was given. The results of this study indicate that the extract of cowpea has the potential as an antioxidant to reduce serum and brain MDA levels, prevent a decrease in the number of aortic endothelial cells. As prevention, cowpea extract can be used as an antioxidant and consumed since premenopause to minimize problems that occur during postmenopause.

Improved Mycology Media Formula of Corn and Cow’s Hair For Accelerate Superficial Mycosis Growth

Potato Dextrose Agar is growth and identification media of fungi that cause superficial mycoses, including Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with 10–14 days growth period. Modification media is needed to accelerate the growth of the fungus. Zea mays saccharata has a high carbohydrate, and cow’s hair contains high keratin, which can be used as a nutrient to replace fungal growth media. The study aimed to obtain a modified media formula containing Zea mays saccharata as a substitute for dextrose and cow's hair as a source of keratin to accelerate the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi. The modified media formula is mixing of Zea mays saccharata 15% to 25%, and cow's hair 20mg to 35mg. Acceleration of growth time based of when found microconidia and macroconidia, diameter measurements, and observations of texture and colonies color of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study results are Zea mays saccharata media with the addition of cow hair for Trichophyton rubrum grew 11 days with 10%+20mg formula and grew only seven days with 25%+35mg formula. Modified media for Trichophyton mentagrophytes grew seven days for 10%+20mg formula, while it was only three days with 25%+35mg formula. The media formula with the fastest growth rate for Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was at a concentration of 25%+35mg. The Advanced Modified Media can become a patent medium for faster growth of superficial fungi at a lower cost. Further research needs to be done on how long this media can be stored for long-term use.

The Place of Histochemical Stains for Differential Diagnosis in Duodenal Biopsies

The biopsy is the primary examination method in diagnosing duodenal pathologies and Gluten enteropathy that can cause symptoms such as gas, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis. Allows monitoring of response to therapy. Histochemical studies are inevitable in specific findings such as reactive changes, giardia, subepithelial collagen thickening, fibrosis, and gastric metaplasia. We aimed to understand the contribution of histochemical applications to differential diagnosis and to show their superiority compared to hematoxylin-eosin sections in routine use by simultaneously making histomorphological evaluations on hematoxylin and eosin sections. This research is a retrospective study conducted in 2011, using the archives of Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, between 2001-2010. Ten normal, 50 Gluten enteropathy and 50 duodenitis samples; Along with histopathological examinations, we applied Masson Trichrome, Periodic acid-Schiff, Periodic acid-Schiff with diastasis, Periodic acid Schiff-Alcian Blue, High Iron Diamine-Alcian Blue. Chi-square, likelihood ratio tests, and SPSS (ver: 13) statistical package program used. We detected microscopic findings parallel to diagnostic criteria. While the number of goblet cells and intraepithelial neutrophils did not differ in the groups (P =0.176 and P=0.096), there was a significant variation in the intraepithelial lymphocyte count (P=0.010). The frequency of flattening and blunting of the villi, crypt hyperplasia, and Brunner gland hyperplasia were significant in gluten enteropathies (P=0.000). Conclusion We could not find any difference in specific pathologies associated with histochemical studies in our group, so hematoxylin-eosin sections are more valuable in the differential diagnosis.