scholarly journals Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation of NF‐κB by GPCRs through the modulation of interactions between p65/RelA and the β‐arrestins

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Honeycutt ◽  
Dylan Eiger ◽  
Noelia Boldizsar ◽  
Julia Gardner ◽  
Sudarshan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Regulation

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation of Rectal Motility in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Ridolfi ◽  
Wei-Dong Tong ◽  
Toku Takahashi ◽  
Lauren Kosinski ◽  
Kirk A. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Motility ◽  
Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Regulation

Cardiac pacemakers in absence of the SA node: responses to exercise and autonomic blockade

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. H465-H470 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Randall ◽  
J. Talano ◽  
M. P. Kaye ◽  
D. Euler ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Sa Node ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
Atrial Rhythm

Surgical excision of the sinoatrial node, verified histologically, is followed by a supraventricular (atrial) rhythm in both resting and exercising dog whether anesthetized or conscious. The ECG is characterized by a definitive P wave and associated atrial electrograms. Waxing and waning in heart rate, generally referred to as sinus arrhythmia continues in the awake animal after complete excision of the SA node. This arrhythmia is responsive to both adrenergic and cholinergic interventions, thus indicating the presence of both sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of subsidiary atrial pacemaking tissues.

scholarly journals Physiological cAMP-elevating secretagogues differentially regulate fluid and protein secretions in mouse submandibular and sublingual glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. C690-C697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kondo ◽  
James E. Melvin ◽  
Marcelo A. Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Regulation

The mechanisms underlying the functional differences in sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the major salivary glands have received little attention. The acute effects of parasympathetic muscarinic (carbachol)-dependent and combined parasympathetic-dependent plus cAMP-dependent pathways on fluid secretion rates, ion composition, and protein content were assessed using a newly developed ex vivo preparation that allows the simultaneous perfusion of the mouse submandibular (SMGs) and sublingual glands (SLGs). Our results confirm that the muscarinic-dependent pathway accounts for the bulk of salivation in SMGs and SLGs, whereas costimulation with a cAMP-increasing agent (forskolin, isoproterenol, or vasoactive intestinal peptide) did not increase the flow rate. Costimulation with carbachol plus the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol decreased the concentration of NaCl and produced a substantial increase in the protein and Ca2+ content of SMG but not SLG saliva, consistent with a sparse sympathetic innervation of the SLGs. On the other hand, forskolin, which bypasses receptors to increase intracellular cAMP by directly activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase, enhanced the secretion of protein and Ca2+ by both the SMGs and SLGs. In contrast, isoproterenol and vasoactive intestinal peptide specifically stimulated protein secretion in SMG and SLG salivas, respectively. In summary, cAMP-dependent signaling does not play a major role in the stimulation of fluid secretion in SMGs and SLGs, whereas each cAMP-increasing agonist behaves differently in a gland-specific manner suggesting differential expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the epithelial cells of SMGs and SLGs.

Cardiovascular control and plasma catecholamines during rest and mental stress: effects of posture

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. TULEN ◽  
F. BOOMSMA ◽  
A. J. MAN IN ′TVELD
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
High Frequency Band ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Parasympathetic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Regulation

In order to understand the complex autonomic adjustments that occur during the psychological challenges of normal daily life, autonomic responses to psychological stress were studied by evaluating the effects of body posture on various indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation during performance of a psychological task. Twelve male subjects were studied in various postures (supine, sitting and standing), and during performance of the Colour Word Test (CWT) when sitting and then when standing. This procedure was subsequently repeated in reverse order (first standing and then sitting) after 15 min of supine rest. Blood samples for assay of plasma catecholamines were obtained before and during each CWT. Spectral analysis of beat-to-beat variations of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) was applied in order to obtain non-invasive indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation. HR, diastolic BP, mid-frequency band power (0.07-0.14 Hz) of HR and systolic BP, and plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations showed significant increases when changing from supine to sitting to standing posture, whereas high-frequency band power (0.15-0.50 Hz) of HR decreased in a posture-dependent fashion. In the sitting position, the CWT caused significant increases in HR, BP and plasma adrenaline levels, and decreased HR and BP variability indices. In the standing posture, the CWT responses differed significantly from those during sitting for HR (a mild decrease during standing), high-frequency band power of HR (decreased more while sitting), high-frequency band power of BP (decreased more while standing), and plasma adrenaline responses (larger during sitting). Posture-related differential effects were observed on indices of sympatho-adrenomedullary activation during performance of a psychological challenge, whereas indices of parasympathetic activity indicated primarily less vagolytic effects when the task was performed in the standing posture. Our findings therefore underline the complexity of the adjustments that occur in neurohumoral and haemodynamic parameters during the psychological challenges of daily life.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Analyses in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Konstantin G. Heimrich ◽  
Thomas Lehmann ◽  
Peter Schlattmann ◽  
Tino Prell
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Parasympathetic Regulation

Recent evidence suggests that the vagus nerve and autonomic dysfunction play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Using heart rate variability analysis, the autonomic modulation of cardiac activity can be investigated. This meta-analysis aims to assess if analysis of heart rate variability may indicate decreased parasympathetic tone in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases were searched on 31 December 2020. Studies were included if they: (1) were published in English, (2) analyzed idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy adult controls, and (3) reported at least one frequency- or time-domain heart rate variability analysis parameter, which represents parasympathetic regulation. We included 47 studies with 2772 subjects. Random-effects meta-analyses revealed significantly decreased effect sizes in Parkinson patients for the high-frequency spectral component (HFms2) and the short-term measurement of the root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences (RMSSD). However, heterogeneity was high, and there was evidence for publication bias regarding HFms2. There is some evidence that a more advanced disease leads to an impaired parasympathetic regulation. In conclusion, short-term measurement of RMSSD is a reliable parameter to assess parasympathetically impaired cardiac modulation in Parkinson patients. The measurement should be performed with a predefined respiratory rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document