scholarly journals Genesis of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) LXX: Mechanism(s) of heterogeneity due to Fickle vaccine campaign prodded selection of epitope pool confer vaccine resistance consequent AR Pandemic (ARP) ‐ An Episodic selection pressure provoked Bottle neck event driven genetic drift in gene flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pedroza ◽  
Alonso Maximiliano ◽  
Escanda Borrego ◽  
Subburaj Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Episodic Selection ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Bottle Neck ◽  
Selection Of

Computer model of the maintenance and selection of genetic heterogeneity in polygamous helminths

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Stochastic Simulation Model ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYA stochastic simulation model of the transmission and maintenance of genetic heterogeneity in the absence and presence of external selection pressures is presented for polygamous intestinal helminths such as Ascaris. The model assumes that the density distribution of the adult parasites is highly aggregated and that density-dependent effects on fecundity are important. The model gives rise to stable infection rates in the host. Where the parasite population contains genetic heterogeneity, with the exception of stochastic fluctuations which models genetic drift, the ratio of the different alleles remained constant over extended periods of time. This result contrasts with that of an earlier analytical model (Anderson, R. M., May, M. R. & Gutpa S. (1989) Parasitology 99, S59–S79), in which uneven mating probabilities for the different combinations of worm possible in a host was postulated to inevitably lead to fixation of the most abundant allele. New results suggest that in spite of the restricted choice of mating available to a worm in the confines of a host, selection pressure always leads to enrichment of the parasites carrying resistant alleles.

scholarly journals Potential impact of biocide adaptation on selection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy Elekhnawy ◽  
Fatma Sonbol ◽  
Ahmed Abdelaziz ◽  
Tarek Elbanna
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Biocidal Products ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Vital Factor ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacterial isolates has increased worldwide leading to treatment failures. Main body Many concerns are being raised about the usage of biocidal products (including disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives) as a vital factor that contributes to the risk of development of antimicrobial resistance which has many environmental and economic impacts. Conclusion Consequently, it is important to recognize the different types of currently used biocides, their mechanisms of action, and their potential impact to develop cross-resistance and co-resistance to various antibiotics. The use of biocides in medical or industrial purposes should be monitored and regulated. In addition, new agents with biocidal activity should be investigated from new sources like phytochemicals in order to decrease the emergence of resistance among bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Effects of Genetic Drift and Gene Flow on the Selective Maintenance of Genetic Variation

Genetics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Star ◽  
Hamish G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Selective Maintenance

scholarly journals Relatively high antibiotic resistance among heterotrophic bacteria from arctic fjord sediments than water – Evidence towards better selection pressure in the fjord sediments

Polar Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Mohamed Hatha ◽  
C.S. Neethu ◽  
S.M. Nikhil ◽  
K.M. Mujeeb Rahiman ◽  
K.P. Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Arctic Fjord ◽  
Fjord Sediments

scholarly journals Selection of appropriate analytical tools to determine the potency and bioactivity of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant A. Dafale ◽  
Uttam P. Semwal ◽  
Rupak K. Rajput ◽  
G.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of antibiotic resistance by metals in a riverine bacterial community

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 127936
Author(s):  
Isabel Silva ◽  
Marta Tacão ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Selection Of

Modeling the Influence of Gene Flow and Selection Pressure on the Frequency of a GE Herbicide‐Tolerant Trait in Non‐GE Wheat and Wheat Volunteers

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1704-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita L. Bruˆl'‐Babel ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Lyle F. Friesen ◽  
Rene C. Acker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

scholarly journals Potential risks of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Cunningham ◽  
Maria S. Kuyukina ◽  
Irena B. Ivshina ◽  
Alexandr I. Konev ◽  
Tatyana A. Peshkur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Selection Of

The problems associated with potential risks of antibiotic resistance spreading during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil are discussed. Careful selection of bacterial strains and pretreatment of organic wastes used as fertilizers are suggested.

scholarly journals The Carnivore Connection Hypothesis: Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie C. Brand-Miller ◽  
Hayley J. Griffin ◽  
Stephen Colagiuri
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Selection Of

The “Carnivore Connection” hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance. The selection pressure was relaxed at the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution when large quantities of cereals first entered human diets. The “Carnivore Connection” explains the high prevalence of intrinsic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in populations that transition rapidly from traditional diets with a low-glycemic load, to high-carbohydrate, high-glycemic index diets that characterize modern diets. Selection pressure has been relaxed longest in European populations, explaining a lower prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, despite recent exposure to famine and food scarcity. Increasing obesity and habitual consumption of high-glycemic-load diets worsens insulin resistance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in all populations.

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