scholarly journals The Carnivore Connection Hypothesis: Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie C. Brand-Miller ◽  
Hayley J. Griffin ◽  
Stephen Colagiuri
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Selection Of

The “Carnivore Connection” hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance. The selection pressure was relaxed at the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution when large quantities of cereals first entered human diets. The “Carnivore Connection” explains the high prevalence of intrinsic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in populations that transition rapidly from traditional diets with a low-glycemic load, to high-carbohydrate, high-glycemic index diets that characterize modern diets. Selection pressure has been relaxed longest in European populations, explaining a lower prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, despite recent exposure to famine and food scarcity. Increasing obesity and habitual consumption of high-glycemic-load diets worsens insulin resistance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in all populations.

The Role of Diet in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3613-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes ◽  
Roberto J. Herrera-Mercadillo ◽  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Misael Uribe ◽  
Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Prevalence

Metabolic syndrome is a frequent metabolic disorder characterized by obesity and insulin resistance seems to be the main pathophysiological alteration. The goal of treating metabolic syndrome is to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and the development of type 2 diabetes. The lifestyle modification therapy combines specific recommendations on diet alone or combined with other strategies. In this review, we address the following topics: 1) the importance of the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity, and 2) the role of lifestyle modification focusing on dietary fat intake in the management of MS.

scholarly journals Evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Rui-Min Jia ◽  
Xiao-Ning Yan ◽  
Jing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents and children can cause serious consequences that lead researchers to pay efforts to study in such area. Presently, MS definition is still not standardized. Different versions of MS definition have been used by numerous studies, which may be a problem to identify MS and then to predict and prevent clinical diseases. The pediatric literature shows that insulin resistance and obesity might be the key underlying pathophysiology of MS to cause many related diseases. High prevalence of MS is in overweight and obese children and adolescents. This article focuses on such above issues and also effects of MS on two main disease outcomes: cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of thiazolidinediones on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yu Demidova ◽  
E N Erokhina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multivariate Control

The development of new, more effective ways of multivariate control of type 2 diabetes is currently the most important problem of endocrinology. This is caused by a high prevalence of this disease in the population, as well as a significant risk of complications leading to early morbidity and mortality of patients. Clinical management of patients with type 2 diabetes should be based on a thorough study of the mechanisms of this disease in order to correct the basic pathogenetic defects.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
N. V. Brailova ◽  
E. N. Dudinskaya ◽  
L. V. Machekhina ◽  
O. N. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Selection Of

Osteoporosis, falls and low-energy fractures have a high prevalence in elderly, which is increasing in the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Patients with T2DM have a low rate of bone metabolism, a pronounced change in bone microarchitecture. The use of trabecular bone score in evaluating of densitometry and the FRAX scale improves the sensitivity of the methods in patients with diabetes. Integrated approach is required in elderly patient with type 2 diabetes and includes assessment of geriatric status, diabetes status, correction of multiple complications of diabetes, carbohydrate metabolism, vitamin D deficiency, selection of the most effective hypoglycemic and anti-osteoporetic therapy and development of preventive and treatment methods aimed to reduce falls risk and fractures rate.

scholarly journals Determining the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville H. McClenaghan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Relationship

Insulin resistance underlies type 2 diabetes, CVD and the metabolic syndrome, driven by changes in diet, lifestyle, energy over–consumption and obesity. Nutritional recommendations for insulin resistance remain an area of controversy, particularly the quantity and types of dietary carbohydrate. The present review gives an overview of insulin resistance, its relationship to impaired insulin secretion and the metabolic syndrome, research methodologies used to measure insulin action and the epidemiological and intervention studies on the relationship between dietary carbohydrate and insulin resistance. Epidemiological studies provide little evidence to suggest that total dietary carbohydrate predicts risk of type 2 diabetes, and high–carbohydrate, high–fibre diets with low–glycaemic index (GI) may even contribute to diabetes prevention. Despite inherent limitations associated with techniques used to measure insulin resistance and dietary assessment, most intervention studies reveal an increase in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity with high–carbohydrate, low–fat diets in non–diabetic and diabetic individuals. When energy is restricted the source or reduced content of carbohydrate does not appear to be as important as fat for body weight. Thus, low energy intake is key to weight loss and augmentation of insulin sensitivity. Given this, widespread adoption of popular low–carbohydrate high–fat diets highlights the necessity to evaluate dietary interventions regarding safety and metabolic effects. While current evidence supports FAO/WHO recommendations to maintain a high–carbohydrate diet with low–GI foods, the relationships between carbohydrate and insulin sensitivity remains an important research area. Emerging technologies should further enhance understanding of gene–diet interactions in insulin resistance, providing useful information for future nutrition policy decisions.

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