Personal Identification Using Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats From Bodily Fluids Mixed With Semen

AbstractPolice dogs are routinely deployed during criminal investigations under a variety of circumstances. In instances where police dogs are involved in apprehension of suspects, contact with a suspect may be observed or may occur out of the line of sight. The interactions between suspect and dog may include the dog biting the suspect, or the suspect touching or exuding bodily fluids onto the dog. In either form of contact, potentially valuable DNA may be left from the suspect on the dog. This paper describes a proof-of-concept study investigating collection of human DNA from the teeth and hair of dogs. It used controlled settings, where the human DNA sources were touch and saliva, and field cases, where the human DNA sources were unknown. The results of sample analysis to identify DNA short tandem repeats (STRs) from each of these scenarios are provided. They highlight the potential and importance of collecting trace DNA from police dogs who may have had contact with suspects during attempted apprehension.

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Forensic Genetics and Genotyping

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/sjecr-2016-0074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 75-86

Author(s):

Katarina Vitoševic ◽

Danijela Todorovic ◽

Zivana Slovic ◽

Radica Zivkovic-Zaric ◽

Milos Todorovic

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Forensic Genetics ◽

Personal Identification ◽

Hair Color ◽

Forensic Dna ◽

Kinship Analysis ◽

Dna Profile ◽

Short Tandem

Abstract Forensic genetics represents a combination of molecular and population genetics. Personal identification and kinship analysis (e.g. paternity testing) are the two main subjects of forensic DNA analysis. Biological specimens from which DNA is isolated are blood, semen, saliva, tissues, bones, teeth, hairs. Genotyping has become a basis in the characterization of forensic biological evidence. It is performed using a variety of genetic markers, which are divided into two large groups: bi-allelic (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and multi-allelic polymorphisms (variable number of tandem repeats, VNTR and short tandem repeats, STR). This review describes the purpose of genetic markers in forensic investigation and their limitations. The STR loci are currently the most informative genetic markers for identity testing, but in cases without a suspect SNP can predict offender’s ancestry and phenotype traits such as skin, eyes and hair color. Nowadays, many countries worldwide have established forensic DNA databases based on autosomal short tandem repeats and other markers. In order for DNA profile database to be useful at a national or international level, it is essential to standardize genetic markers used in laboratories.

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Sibling Indices as Comparisons in Personal Identification Process through Short Tandem Repeats [STR] Loci CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA of Maduranese Ethnic in Surabaya

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/jtbb.60318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 60318

Author(s):

Ahmad Yudianto ◽

Fery Setiawan ◽

Simon Martin Manyanza Nzilibili

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Personal Identification ◽

Allele Sharing ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Identification Process ◽

Str Loci ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Short Tandem

Sibling indices can be used as a comparison through alleles Short Tandem Repeats [STR] loci. This is an observational study among Maduranese with 4 STR loci (CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA) obtained from their blood samples. The percentage of alleles shared: 82.5% [33 times] with 2 allele sharing, 12.5% [5 times] with 1 allele sharing, and 5 % [2 times] with 0 sharing alleles. Sibling indices (SI) calculation results: 65% of sibling indices pairs have SI greater than 100 and 15% of them were between 10-100 (strong and very strong). Sibling indices interpretation is supported; therefore, the claimed sibling indices relationships were indeed true among Maduranese ethnic group in Surabaya.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Abundant contribution of short tandem repeats to gene expression variation in humans.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725994101.793513449 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Bahlo

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Gene Expression Variation ◽

Expression Variation ◽

Short Tandem

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Identification of embryo-fetal cells in celomic fluid using morphological and short-tandem repeats analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726727769.793540302 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eliezer Rachmilewitz ◽

Eitan Fibach

Keyword(s):

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Fetal Cells ◽

Short Tandem

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Population Genetics of Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats in Humans

Journal of Molecular Evolution ◽

10.1007/pl00006229 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽

Francesc Calafell ◽

Mark Seielstad ◽

Eva Mateu ◽

David Comas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Y Chromosome ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Short Tandem

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Conditional Genotypic Probabilities for Microsatellite Loci

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.4.1973 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 1973-1980

Author(s):

Jinko Graham ◽

James Curran ◽

B S Weir

Keyword(s):

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Dirichlet Distribution ◽

Forensic Dna ◽

Match Probability ◽

Microsatellite Genotype ◽

Allelic State ◽

Forensic Assessments ◽

Dna Profiles ◽

Short Tandem

Abstract Modern forensic DNA profiles are constructed using microsatellites, short tandem repeats of 2–5 bases. In the absence of genetic data on a crime-specific subpopulation, one tool for evaluating profile evidence is the match probability. The match probability is the conditional probability that a random person would have the profile of interest given that the suspect has it and that these people are different members of the same subpopulation. One issue in evaluating the match probability is population differentiation, which can induce coancestry among subpopulation members. Forensic assessments that ignore coancestry typically overstate the strength of evidence against the suspect. Theory has been developed to account for coancestry; assumptions include a steady-state population and a mutation model in which the allelic state after a mutation event is independent of the prior state. Under these assumptions, the joint allelic probabilities within a subpopulation may be approximated by the moments of a Dirichlet distribution. We investigate the adequacy of this approximation for profiled loci that mutate according to a generalized stepwise model. Simulations suggest that the Dirichlet theory can still overstate the evidence against a suspect with a common microsatellite genotype. However, Dirichlet-based estimators were less biased than the product-rule estimator, which ignores coancestry.

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